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Today, many countries, including Iran, face natural hazards such as ground subsidence, drought, floods, and acute water shortage. Lack of correct management of underground water resources leads to many of these natural hazards. Artificial recharge of aquifers is one of the solutions proposed in the world to deal with these natural hazards, especially ground subsidence. The quantitative and qualitative effects of the effluent treatment plant on the Damaneh Daran Aquifer recharge were investigated in this research. The results showed that aquifer recharge through the distribution of effluents in the Damaneh Daran River has a positive effect on increasing the water level and releasing effluents in the river will enhance the water level in a larger radius regardless of the quality of the effluents. Based on the result of the present study, it is suggested that all the effluent treatment plants be allocated to aquifer balancing in the future. In the part of replacing wastewater with active wells, due to the lack of wells with industrial and green area use in this region, provided advanced wastewater treatment, all wastewater should be replaced with active wells in the agricultural area.

Personality traits are effective in human decision-making, and researchers try to investigate the role of personality in people's choices, and deciding when to get pregnant in women is one of these choices. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the relationship between personality types and the age of first pregnancy in women referred to hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

The present descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 on 210 eligible mothers in three hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The sampling method was available sampling from all three centers with appropriate allocation. In the present study, the personality questionnaire and the personal information questionnaire were completed by the mothers. Collected data were analyzed using Spearman's statistical test.

The highest score related to the personality trait of conscientiousness with an average score of 39.68±6.09 and the highest frequency was correspondingly related to the personality trait of conscientiousness (48.1%). The results indicated that the correlation value of the two variables extraversion and the age of the first pregnancy is significant with a correlation of 0.17 with a significance level of 0.014 and openness to experience and the age of the first pregnancy with a correlation of 0.25 with a significance level of 0.049, which are less than the assumed error in the research, 0.05.

The results of this research indicated that in consort with various factors that can delay childbearing and increase the age of first pregnancy in mothers, some personality traits of mothers were similarly influential. Therefore, identifying personality traits and training mothers can be effective.

Soil erosion and related problems i.e. sedimentation are associated with significant issues and problems on the environment and agriculture, including economic losses, reduction of water quality, storage capacity of reservoirs and agricultural production, among which watershed activities play a prominent role in reducing the amount of soil erosion and sediment yield. For this purpose, in the present research, the watershed management activities were evaluated on the amount of sediment yield, using the Connectivity Index in the Gonbad paired catchment of Hamadan province. In this regard, firstly, the estimation of the continuity index was conducted in the erosion plots installed in the control and impacted watersheds during the events that led to sediment production. Then, a regression relationship was established between the data of the Connectivity Index and the erosion plots sediment yield using the Connectivity Index in order to estimate the rate of sediment yield of control and impacted watersheds. Finally, the impact of watershed practices on the degree of sediment yield was measured by comparing the estimated sediment in control and impacted areas using the Connectivity Index. The results showed that the average amount of sediment produced in the sample and control sub-basins is 0.003 and 0.005 tons per hectare, respectively, that is, the amount of sediment in the sample sub-basin is 45% less than the control sub-basin, and this difference is due to the effect of watershed management operations in the sample sub-basin.

Investigation of homogeneity regions using univariate characteristics is an important step in the regional frequency analysis method. However, some hydrological phenomena have multivariate characteristics that cannot be studied by univariate methods. Droughts are one of these phenomena their definition as univariate will not be effective for risk assessment, decision-making, and management. Therefore, in this study, the regional frequency analysis of drought was studied in multivariate methods using SEI (Standardized Evapotranspiration Index), SSI (Standardized Soil Moisture Index), and SRI (Standardized Runoff Index) indices in the Karkheh River basin from 1996 to 2019. The indices calculated probabilistic distribution between the variables of evapotranspiration, runoff, and soil moisture using multivariate L-moments method and Copula functions and considered meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts simultaneously. The results of multivariate regional frequency analysis considering the Copula Gumbel as the regional Copula showed that the basin is homogeneous in terms of severity of SEI-SSI combined drought indices and is heterogeneous in terms of severity of SEI-SSI combined drought indices. However, after clustering the basin into four homogeneous areas in terms of characteristics of SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index), the basin is homogeneous in all areas in terms of univariate SEI, SSI, and SRI indices and is heterogeneous in the third and fourth clusters of SRI and SSI drought indices. Pearson Type (III), Pareto, normal, and general logistics distribution functions were found suitable to investigate the characteristics of SEI, SSI, and SRI drought indices in this case. Finally, large estimates of the types of combined droughts and their probability of occurrence showed that the northern and southern parts of the Karkheh River basin will experience short and consecutive droughts in the next years. Droughts in areas without meteorological data can be predicted in terms of joint probability using the multivariate regional frequency analysis method proposed in this study.

Estimation of the amount of sediment material (carried by a specific stream) is one of the main topics of sediment research. Sediment research is important in many engineering projects such as planning and design of water storage resources, morphology and changes in river bed, annual sediment estimation for reservoirs, sustainable irrigation, coastal protection, channel dredging, and etc.The evaluation of the sediment occurrences, and estimation of the sediment carried by rivers has a special importance and it is necessary to develop new methods with easy application for estimating the sediment transport. This study seeks to develop a method to be able to predict the amount of bedload with classification and regression trees and compare with some well-known empirical formulas such as Meyer Petter Muller, Shields, Einstein Brown, and Shoklitch. Measured data from Yazdakan station, located in Qotour River in Azarbayjan Gharbi, northwest of Iran, has been used in this research. It is a mountainous river with gravel bed that carries a high volume of sedimentation. A set of 76 field measurements over 8 years was used in modeling after verification and refinement. The model was trained on 80 percent of data and tested on the remained 20 percent. The best input contained whole four variables; flow discharge, suspended sediment discharge, flow depth and velocity, and the output was bedload discharge. The quantitative results of the best Decision Tree include MAE = 2134, RMSE = 2668 and % R = 89. The results of Regression Trees demonstrate more accuracy in the prediction of bedload compared with empirical formulas.

In order to evaluate plant density and cultivar effects on rate and process of grain filling, yield and yield components of three dry bean cultivars a factorial experiment (using R.C.B. design) was conducted in 1386 at agricultural and natural research center of East Azarbaijan (Tabriz). Three cultivars (Khomeyn, G-14088 and 11816) were planted at four densities (14, 20, 30 and 60 plants/m2) in three replications. A two-part linear model was used to quantifying the grain filling parameters. Interaction effect of cultivar and plant density affected grain filling rate (GFR), mass maturity (MM), maximum grain weight (MGW) and effective filling period (EFP) significantly. Highest amount of GFR, MM, MGW and EFP observed at Khomeyn cultivar in lowest density (14 plants/m2). These four parameters decreased in Khomeyn and G-14088 cultivars with increasing in plant density significantly. Between cultivars and plant densities treatments of dry been was significant difference in all of yield and yield components. But interaction effect of cultivar and plant density affected only number of day to maturity, number of pod in plant, 100 kernel weight, grain yield and percent of grain protein parameters. All of these parameters (except grain yield) decreased with increasing in plant density. But increasing of plant density and number of pod in square meter compensated it and increased grain yield with increasing all of parameters in square meter. Grain yield is important than other parameters. Khomeyn cultivar had maximum amount GFR, MGW, EFP, number of grain, 100 K.W, HI and grain yield. Therefore Khomeyn cultivar and 30 plants/m2 are best cultivar and plant density in region respectively.