s. askari

Elaeagnus contains a large amount of protein which can be used as a functional ingredient. In this study, Elaeagnus protein was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide method as an effective method. Central composite design was utilized to identify the most effective operating conditions including supercritical temperature, supercritical pressure, time and solvent ratio of carbon dioxide and methanol in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. According to the analysis of variance results, the optimum operating condition for the extraction of protein using supercritical CO2 was as following:150.85 bar, 51.06°C, 59.80 min and 717.08 μL methanol, leading to extracting of 47.53 mg protein per 10 g the Elaeagnus dried sample. Among the operating conditions, supercritical pressure had the highest effect on amount of protein. Compared to conventional extraction method, the amount of extracted protein was 25% higher. Therefore, the results of this study suggested that the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction can be used as an effective method for protein extraction from plants.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the serious psychological disorders that can hinder the normal functioning of the affected person, so it should be treated. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mindfulness on cognitive regulation of emotion and executive functions in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This semi-experimental study was a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included 42 patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder in Karaj city in 2022. The sample randomly assigned to three groups: behavioral activation therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mindfulness, and a control group. Garnevsky et al.'s (2006) and Najati's (2013) executive function questionnaires were used to measure the effectiveness of treatments. Descriptive statistics and multivariate covariance analysis were used for data analysis using SPSS-18 software.

There is a statistically significant difference between the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mindfulness on cognitive regulation strategies adapted to emotions (F=57.71, p=0.001), but these two treatment methods improve the executive functions of patients. It has not been effective.

It can be claimed that the treatment based on behavioral and cognitive-behavioral activation based on mindfulness has been able to increase adapted cognitive strategies in people suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder, but it has not been effective on the executive functions of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Therefore, through these two treatments, it is possible to increase cognitive regulation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

This paper aimed to review the solutions presented in various articles to protect mental health in medical staff during the COVID-19 epidemic in the world.

In this systematic review, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and PubMed databases were searched until 1 October 2020. All full-text published articles (also descriptive and observational articles but not abstracts, commentaries, and letters to the editors) that describe strategies to deal with the psychological problems of the medical staff were included without language restriction.

14 papers (8 observational and six descriptive papers) were entered for qualitative analysis. Analysis of these studies identified a) attention to physiological needs of staff; b) staying in touch with family and friends; c) peer support; d) team support; e) emotional support; and f) leadership or organizational support to provide psychological support to medical staff.

To fight in the first line of epidemic prevention and control, medical staff needs a physical and mental safeguard. So, proper interventions in the prevention and treatment of psychological problems of the medical staff seem to be essential.

There are a number of fruit drying methods and hot air flow drying has been considered the most common one. However, it is not an economical way due to the huge amount of energy consumption. Using ultrasound waves as a pre-treatment in drying may rise drying efficiency as well as alleviating the cost level. In this research, drying of sour cherry has been accomplished, applying ultrasound waves as a pre-treatment. In this case, the effects of ultrasound parameters i.e., sonication temperature, power intensity, and sonication time are discussed. The preliminary results illustrate the role of ultrasound waves as a pre-treatment, in which the drying time is already reduced from 7 hours to 3 hours; on the other hand, the maximum water loss has been achieved with sonication temperature of 30⁰C, power intensity of 147 w/cm2 and sonication time of 60 min. Moreover, the amount of moisture loss is surged through increasing the ultrasound exposing time, as compared to a conventional sample. It is worth mentioning that among these mentioned parameters, the temperature plays the most significant role on the water loss. Consequently, using ultrasound waves is a promising way for reducing the temperature, time and energy in hot air flow drying process.

In this paper, a novel and practical approach are proposed to solve the fuzzy optimal control (FOC) using an improved multi-layer perceptron (IMLP) network along with the Pontryagin minimum principle (PMP). Here, it is worthwhile to mention that in the fuzzy Hamilton function, instead of functions of control and trajectory and the Lagrange multipliers, the approximate solutions are replaced based on the IMLP neural network, which is a Three-layer type.

Type 1 diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease, associated with damage to pancreatic insulin-producing β cells. The antidiabetic effects of Cucurbitapepo (Pumpkin) on lipid profile and CRP levels were evaluated in diabeteic rats.

In this study, twenty eight male white Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven eachas follows: Group 1: normal control, Group 2 diabetic control, Group 3: preventive+ pumpkin powder (1g/kg BW), and Group 4: preventive+ pumpkin powder (2g/kg BW). The normal rats in group 3 received pumpkin powder with gavaje injection for 6 weeks, daily; they were injected with alloxan at the end of the second week. The normal rats in group 4 received pumpkin powder with gavaje injection for 6 weeks daily and they were injected with alloxan at the end of the second week. Fasting blood samples were collected before the injection of alloxan and the end of the experimental period.

The results indicate a significant increase in glucose, lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL) and CRP level in the diabetic group compared with the other groups. Treatment with pumpkin powder in diabetic rats caused a significant decrease in the levels of biochemical factors compared with the diabetic groups (P<0.05).

The observations of this study indicate that phytochemicals present in pumpkin may play a preventive role in creation of diabetes-related complications.