فهرست مطالب s.kianfar

To determine the pathology type of pterygium in surgeries performed in Shafa Hospital of Kerman. This descriptive-analytical study was performed on all patients (111) that were under surgeries since March 2011 till August 2012 in Shafa Hospital of Kerman. Background information including age and gender, clinical findings including the side of the eye involved with pterygium and the pingecula in the other eye, the location of pterygium, the degree of progression of the pterygium to the center of the cornea and the extent of the lesion in the Limbus area, the pupillary diameter, the type of pathology, the grading of the disease, the surgery technique, and pathological findings of the samples were included in the checklist. Finally, the data were analyzed by of SPSS 20 software. Right eye was involved in 54% of the patients. In this study 50% of patients’ other eye had pterygium and 40% of the patient had pingecula. The most common complaint of patients was vision loss (79%). In 94% of the patient, pterygium was in nasal area. The mean enhancement of lesion, extent of the lesion, and corneal diameter were 3.9, 6.1, and 11.00 mm, respectively. In 6 patients, SCC, carcinoma insitu, and CIN was seen. A total of 64% of the patients were older than 50 years and 53% were female, but there was no significant difference in age and gender. In patient with grade 1, there were no pathology. In grade 2, the most common pathology was carcinoma insitu, and in grade 3, it was SCC. Generally, 60% of the patients were treated with the conj flap method and 40% of the patients underwent pterygium surgery, using the Bare Sclera method. With respect to observation of many of malignant cases such as SCC, carcinoma insitu in patients with clinical diagnosis of pterygium, it is useful to remove all ptertgium samples to refer to pathology experiments.

Today، medical imaging methods play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders. These methods can have several harmful effects on patients and health workers; their awareness of imaging rules and principles is a major way to reduce these harmful effects. The present study was done to evaluate nursing staff and nursing students'' knowledge about imaging methods. Methods and Materials: This Cross-Sectional study was conducted on 195 nursing staff and 65 final-term nursing students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Data collection tool included a questionnaire consisting of a demographic information section and a knowledge evaluation section. Validity and reliability were ensured before the study through content validity and test-retest methods respectively. Data were analyzed by independent t-test، ANOVA، and post-hoc Tukey test in SPSS (version 15) at the significant level of p<0. 05.

%25 of the participants were nursing students، and %75 were nursing staff. Of the nursing staff، %42. 6 had more than 10 years of work experience. The knowledge of only %36. 5 of the sample was evaluated as good regarding imaging principles، %43. 8 about imaging preparation، and %14. 8 about contrast-induced and its side effects. Mean of knowledge scores in the nursing staff was meaningfully more than that of the nursing students in these three dimensions of imaging methods (P<0. 001). No significant difference was seen between the genders in terms of knowledge score means in the three dimensions.

In general، as the results indicate، the level of knowledge of participants regarding imaging methods can be evaluated as low.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the trend for cesarean section. Due to surgical complications, financial costs and mother's long period of hospitalization, the normal way of delivery is suggested. Cesarean rate in Khorasan was estimated to be 28/1 in 1999, though the desired rate in the world was 15 per cent for 2000. This study was performed to define cesarean rate and causes and complications in Vali-e-Asr hospital in Birjand.

In this descriptive study, which cross-sectionally was carried out, 1500 pregnant women referring to Vali-e-Asr hospital were studied. A questionnaire in 4 portions was filled out at mothers’ bed, in delivery room, operation room, and women's ward. Data were analyzed by chi square test in SPSS software. (P<0.05)

From 1500 pregnant women in this study 895 (59.7%) had a normal delivery and 605 (40.3%) by Cesarean. There was a significant relationship between age, job, education level, number of pregnancies, previous delivery, live births, abortion number and the route of delivery (P<0.05). The comparison of mother's complications with delivery route was significant, but not for neonatal ones.

Cesarean choice rate is high and intervention programs are necessary to change women attitudes toward it and to increase the knowledge of painless delivery to reduce Cesarean.