saba rezasoltani

The COVID‐19 pandemic has created a global emergency crisis in terms of socio‐economic‐ environmental challenges. Such crisis in Iran have also affected the issue of waste, change its amount and composition, pollution rate and led to changes in waste management including collection and different disposal methods. This is analytical descriptive research which is based on the Tehran Waste Management Organization actions, various institutions report and other available resources. At the present study, after reviewing the experiences of different countries and organizations like United Nation, World Health Organisation, The international Solid Waste Association investigating the managerial compliance has been formed. After reviewing the current situation, considering the priorities of the International Solid Waste Association, the Waste Management Organization has identified three priorities for waste management during the pandemic of COVID‐19 which consist of ensure the continuity of the service, adjusting recycling services and the last ensure safe collection, disposal and treatment of healthecare waste. The first step ensures the continuity of the services and also health and safety measures for waste workers and contingency plans. The principle behid the second priorty is adjusting recycling services and the last ensure safe collection for workers and people and the last one is about ensure safe collection, disposal and treatment of healthecare waste action plans. Finally, according to the experiences gained and the actions of the Tehran Waste Management Organization, suggestions have been made to improve the conditions of waste management during the pandemic of COVID‐19.

In the 21st century, the world population is growing at a spiraling paste. Much of this growth is occurring in developing countries, where access to food, sanitary water, education, and health is severely limited. The ever increasing urbanization highlighted the need for sustainable development based on human-environment interaction. The excessive and unplanned expansion of cities has resulted in numerous environmental predicaments due to clearly emphasized economic issues at the expense of social and environmental concerns. The most significant features of megacities are indicated in this paper and the environmental, social, physical, and economic criteria are addressed in order to attain sustainability and resilience. To examine the practical use of these criteria, extensive studies and field activities were carried out at District 14 of Tehran Municipality. The results of this study highlighted the desire of authorities to move toward sustainable development as their activities indicate environmental improvements during 2009-2014 period. At the end, several recommendations are made based on the obtained results to speed up the move toward sustainability and resiliency

Unplanned urban development imposes significant pressure on land resources and land use structures and brings about many negative socio-economic and environmental consequences. Therefore, comprehensive studies should be applied to support urban land use management in the world and especially in developing countries. In Iran, like many other developing countries, urban development is fast and often unharnessed. Tehran province is the main focus of urban sprawl, in which strong economic state and allocation of facilities and infrastructures encourage mass migration of people and cause unplanned construction and changes in spatial structure of the region. In this study, an integrated approach towards urban land suitability assessment in Tehran province including social – economic and ecological aspects has been implemented. The employed method and the developed model can be considered as an efficient sample of achieving sustainable urban development and regulating the physical development in Iran. In this research, a Weighted Linear Combination Method was conducted in a Geographical Information System considering 15 criteria, including social–economic and ecological factors. For weighting the criteria, the Analytic Hierarchy Process was used including opinions of ten experts. At the end, a land suitability map was produced showing suitable area for urban development. These areas include six arenas with suitable extent and desirable suitability in southern part of the province that can be used by urban planners and spatial decision makers. As the results are systematic and reproducible, they can be regarded as means of collaboration and consensus making among urban developers and decision makers.

Proper industrial sitting for preventing probable environmental constraints and alsosustainable and deserve use of whole land facilities is an important concept that manyIranian organizations are nowadays interested in.As a matter of fact industrial spatial planning can be considered as a giant leap inenvironment and industrial development in the country and correct and logical growthof city and rural areas. With respect to these objectives and removing the concentrationof industries in Tehran, industrial site selection in province of Ghazvin has been doneby systematical analysis method, based on Boolean Algebra in the 1:250000 scale,using map overlaying method.So environmental resources were studied, analyzed, classified in 2 categories:Ecologic and Social-Economic, then measuring the ecological capacity of the land wasdone after overlaying the layers in GIS. As a result after removing areas in whichindustrial plantation was prohibited, 2 areas with the capacity of 1 and 11 areas withthe capacity of 2 were selected.At last, prioritizing of the sites was done in a quantitative way by considering socioeconomicalcharacteristics in GIS. finally sites with priority of 1 up to 4 wererecognized. As a result industrial development with respect to environmental and socioeconomical criteria can be done in these areas. The proposal of locating industries inthe industrial estates and eco industrial parks will give rise to the environmentalconservation concepts.

It is necessary to take action in regard to solving problems such as the unbalanced population throughout the country, the rate of migrating to big cities and the ecology destruction caused by wrong Industrial Site Selection with using the right industrial developmental policies. Correct Site Selection and right industrial designing are considered as a giant leap in environmental and industrial development in the country and the correct and logical growth of city and rural areas. That’s why in this research the industrial site selection in the province of Ghazvin has been done based on Boolean Algebra in the 1:250000 scale, using map overlaying. Environmental resources were classified analyzed and studied at first and measuring the ecological capacity of the land depending on the specified goal was designed according to the Three Classification Model and done after overlaying the layers in GIS. As a result after removing the preserved area of Bashgol and other areas in which industrial plantation was prohibited, 2 areas with the capacity of 1 and 11 areas with the capacity of 2 were selected. Other areas which were considered as having the capacity of 1 are forests or are being used in dry farming and industrial plantation in these areas is bound to the ministry of agriculture and other related organization’s consent.