sadat ejtahed

Recent evidence has shown underlying roles of gut dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxemia in obesity and its complications. Despite the large number of experimental and clinical researches performed on gut microbiota and obesity, no bibliometrics’ study has been conducted so far. We aimed to assess the trend of global scientific publications in the field of gut microbiota and obesity. The bibliometrics’ data from January 2000 to April 2017 were retrieved based on Scopus database. The analysis of the publication year, main source, citation, subject area, co-authorship network, and geographical distribution were carried out, accordingly. The data were analyzed using the Scopus analysis tools, SPSS version 15 and Visualizing Scientific Landscapes (VOS) viewer version 1.6.5. Out of 4384 documents that were identified, the United States published the highest number (28.2%), followed by China and United Kingdom. The number of publications showed an increasing trend over the years of which the most productive year was 2016. The leading subject area was medicine. Most of published scientific documents were original articles and the top source was “PLoS One”. The documents were cited totally 153576 times with average citations per article as 35.03, and h-index of 159. Top author in the co-authorship network assessment was “Wang J.” from China. This study could provide practical sources to researchers to find highly cited studies. Moreover, the study could pave the way for researchers to be engaged in studies which potentially lead to more publication in the field

Context: Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to review all findings of studies conducted in framework of the Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS) regarding the association of dietary factors with cardio-metabolic risk factors. Evidence Acquisition: All English-language studies were searched using PubMed and Scopus databases from 2000 to 2017. Finally, 105 relevant papers were included in this review. Whole grains, legumes, nuts and healthy dietary patterns (DPs) reduced risk of MetS, while white rice, salty/sweet snacks increased this. The western DP had a significant interaction with APOC3, APOA1 and MC4R polymorphisms in relation to MetS. After 6.5 years of follow-up, odds of reaching menarche ≤ 12 years was significantly higher in girls with higher intakes of milk, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous. Among children and adolescents, higher adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)-style diet decreased the risk of abdominal obesity, whereas increased adherence to the western DP could contribute to general and abdominal obesity. A three-year follow-up of adult participants showed that higher intakes of phytochemical-rich foods were inversely related to development of insulin resistance. Higher adherence to the healthy DPs was associated with the reduced risk of hyperlipidemia and hypertention. Nutrition interventions postponed rise in the prevalence of MetS. The DASH diet resulted in weight reduction compared to control diet. Higher adherence to healthy food choices was associated with reduced odds of MetS, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The western DP accentuated the association of polymorphisms with MetS.

To investigate the association between major dietary patterns and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) over a 3.6 year follow up in adults with high blood pressure.
This cohort study was conducted on 1521 prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects, aged ≥ 27 years, without CKD at baseline, who participated in the fourth phase (2009-2012) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary data were collected using a valid food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns. Anthropometrics and biochemical measurements were obtained. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) The mean age of participants was 46.32±11.59 years. After 3.6 years of follow-up, 255 (16.8%) cases of CKD occurred. Three dietary patterns were identified, the western, healthy and the traditional Iranian patterns. After adjustment for relevant confounders, subjects in the highest, compared to the lowest quartile category of the Western dietary pattern score, had a higher risk of CKD (OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.19-3.76). Neither the healthy nor the traditional dietary patterns were significantly associated with incidence of CKD.
Adherence to the Western dietary pattern is associated with increased risk of CKD in adults with high blood pressure.

In this study, we aimed to investigate whether a diet rich in high-sulforaphane broccoli sprouts powder (BSP) could attenuate metabolic abnormalities induced by high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS).
Forty-eight male wistar rats with similar average body weight (253±23g) were randomly allocated into four groups: Baseline control, control (C) (normal diet), fructose (F) (normal diet water containing 30% fructose), and fructose BSP (F) (diet with 5% BSP water containing 30% fructose), and followed for 8 weeks. Biochemical measurements including fasting serum triglyceride levels, total cholesterol, HDL-C, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were assessed at baseline, and the fourth and eighth weeks.
The mean change of body weight was 31.5%, 31.4% and 18.3% in the C, F, and F groups, respectively; the mean weight gain of group F was lower than those of the other groups (p=0.009). A significant increasing trend was observed in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C levels in group F during the intervention (p‍ High-sulforaphane broccoli sprouts could have favorable effects against metabolic disorders-induced by a high fructose diet.

General and abdominal obesity are major global health problems. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and body mass index and waist circumference status in 5852 Iranian adults within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Intakes of SSBs including carbonated drinks and synthetic fruit juices were measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The association between body mass index, waist circumference and body adiposity index in each quartile category of SSB consumption were determined using the multivariable linear regression models. The odds ratio (OR) of general and abdominal obesity in each quartile of SSB consumption was also determined using the multivariable logistic regression models. Mean dietary intake of SSBs was 48.9 g/d or 0.25 servings/d. After adjustment for all potential confounding variables, significant associations were observed between SSB consumption and BMI (β: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.13-0.86), and waist circumference (β: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.40-2.16) in the fourth quartile. There was no significant association between SSB consumption and body adiposity index. Participants who consumed > 57.1 g/d of SSBs had 22% higher risk of general obesity (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.00-1.48) and 35% higher risk of abdominal obesity (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.12-1.61), compared with those in the lowest quartile of SSB consumption. Higher intakes of SSBs were associated with the higher risk of general and abdominal obesity in adults suggesting that limiting the consumption of SSBs may be a practical approach to prevent and manage obesity.

Existing studies show that a poor diet has an effect on the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the present study was to systematically summarize the results of studies on the relationship between dietary intakes and NAFLD. A review of Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Magiran, Medlib and SID databases and theses in the National Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran was conducted to identify epidemiological studies concerning NAFLD, food groups and dietary patterns. Cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies with documented in English were selected for this systematic review. Duplication, topic, type of study, study population, variables examined and quality of data reporting of articles were evaluated. Of 2128 articles found in the initial search, 33 were reviewed in full-text; of these 6 articles were included in the systematic review. The literature review showed patients with NAFLD consumed more red meat, fats and sweets and less whole grains, fruits and vegetables. The Western dietary pattern was positively associated with the risk of NAFLD and adherence to the Mediterranean diet was negatively correlated to hepatic steatosis. The results of the systematic review indicate that different dietary intakes may be associated with development of NAFLD and its related factors. Due to limited research documented on this topic, further prospective studies are recommended.

Diet as a part of lifestyle plays a pivotal role in the development of metabolicsyndrome and its consequences. Fatty acid composition as a part of dietary intakeaffects blood fatty acid concentrations, insulin sensitivity and different metabolicpathways associated with the occurrence and consequences of the metabolicsyndrome. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effects of dietary fatty acidcomposition on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. A search wasconducted through PubMed, Google scholar and Science Direct using keywordsincluding metabolic syndrome, MetS, diet, fatty acid composition, saturated fattyacids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega3, omega6and fish oil, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, obesity and blood glucose. Weincluded English articles published from 1995 to 2014. Based on the results of thestudies reviewed, intake of saturated fatty acids by increasing LDL-C, totalcholesterol and oxidized LDL and arterial stiffness was associated with increasedinsulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. In contrast, supplements containingomega-3 and monounsaturated fatty acids such as fish and rapeseed oil can reducethe risk of metabolic syndrome and its consequences risk factors by loweringtriglycerides, cholesterol, inflammation and oxidative stress. Low intake ofsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids with increased intake ofomega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be useful in reducing the risk ofmetabolic syndrome and its consequences.

Regarding to the impact of childhood and adolescence obesity on incidence of most of chronic adulthood diseases, determination of the predictors of obesity can play an important role in human health. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and skinfolds as predictors of percentage body fat (PBF) and diagnosis of excess adiposity in Iranian adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, all anthropometric measurements and PBF using the bioelectrical impedance analysis of 133 adolescents (65 boys and 68 girls), aged 10-18 years, were taken. Linear regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to analyze the data, adjusting for potential covariates including sex, age, and pubertal stage. BMI explained 67% of between-subject variance in PBF and R2adj of models revealed that prediction of PBF by BMI was better than other indices (P< 0.001). The AUC value for BMI to differentiate between the excess adiposity and normal PBF was 0.92 (P< 0.001), which was significantly higher than those for WC, WHR, and WHtR (P< 0.05). The performance of BMI is better than other anthropometric indices in predicting PBF and diagnosing excess adiposity in Iranian adolescents.

Although various anthropometric methods are available for assessing body composition, these have not been compared in Iranian adolescents. The objective of the present study was to compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and sum of four skinfolds as predictors of percentage body fat (PBF) and diagnosis of excess adiposity in Iranian adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, all anthropometric measurements were made in133 adolescents (65 boys and 68 girls), aged 10–18 years.PBF was determined using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Linear regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to analyze the data. Potential covariates including sex, age, and pubertal stage were adjusted. R2adj of models for BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, and skinfolds were 0.67, 0.56, 0.19, 0.56, and 0.56, respectively (P < 0.001). The AUC value of BMI to differentiate between normal and obese adolescents was 0.92 (P < 0.001). The AUC of BMI was significantly higher than those of WC, WHR, and WHtR (P < 0.05). The performance of BMI is better than other anthropometric indices in predicting PBF and diagnosing excess adiposity in Iranian adolescents.

The desire of the human to control the gender of fetus prior to conception has always been important. The aim of this study was to determine the role of maternal diet on fetal gender. In this narrative review study, a comprehensive review of databases including Pubmed, Scirus, Cochrane library, ScienceDirect, MD Consult, google scholar, Iranmedex, Magiran, and SID from 1982 to 2013 was performed. Key words to search databases included fetal sex, sex ratio, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, fructose, eating disorders, sex selection, maternal diet, Ionic diet, fatty acid, calorie, and famine. Results of studies on the effects of nutritional deficiencies and disorders on sex ratio were controversial. Studies showed that a combination of environmental factors such as stress, time of conception and maternal diet had effects on sex ratio. Preconceptional nutritional status of mothers was very important in changing sex ratio. Increasing the intake of K + + Na+ / Ca 2 + + Mg2+ in diet and high calorie diet could increase the ratio of male offsprings. Preconceptional diet was important in fetal sex ratio. However, low sample size in most human studies and the complex mechanisms of sex determination make it difficult to conclude definitively on this issue. Further human studies with larger sample size in this field are suggested.

Leemoo is a user-friendly software designed for nutritional planning and dietary assessment applications by cooperation of Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, which uses fuzzy logic for the first time. It provides a range of recommended servings for food groups, which are easier for people to follow.. The aim of this research was to describe the applications of this newly introduced software..Methods and Materials: Leemoo contains the following databases: food, nutrients, MyPyramid equivalents and physical activity. These databases facilitate diet analysis and planning. The food composition database includes 2920 Iranian food items, with the nutrient composition for up to 64 nutrients.. All databases are flexible for updating. The program can calculate the amounts of nutrients and food group intakes and compare these with Dietary Reference Intakes and MyPyramid recommendations. This software has the ability of nutritional planning and estimates normal intake ranges of seven food groups based on person need.. This software was envisaged for use by health professionals, researchers and ordinary people and can be recommended for educational purpose and nutrition research in Iran. Future studies must be conducted to evaluate the effects of this software on users’ dietary habits and nutrition knowledge..

Fuzzy logic, a mathematical approach, defines the percentage of desirability for recommended amount of food groups and describes the range of intakes, from deficiency to excess.. The purpose of this research was to find the best fuzzy dietary pattern that constraints energy and nutrients by the iterative algorithm.. An index is derived that reflects how closely the diet of an individual meets all the nutrient requirements set by the dietary reference intake. Fuzzy pyramid pattern was applied for the energy levels from 1000 to 4000 Kcal which estimated the range of recommended servings for seven food groups including fruits, vegetables, grains, meats, milk, oils, fat and added sugar.. The optimum (lower attention – upper attention) recommended servings per day for fruits, vegetables, grain, meat, dairy, and oils of the 2000 kcal diet were 4.06 (3.75-4.25), 6.69 (6.25-7.00), 5.69 (5.75-6.25), 4.94 (4.5-5.2), 2.75(2.50-3.00), and 2.56 (2.5-2.75), respectively. The fuzzy pattern met most recommended nutrient intake levels except for potassium and vitamin E, which were estimated at 98% and 69% of the dietary reference intake, respectively.. Using fuzzy logic provides an elegant mathematical solution for finding the optimum point of food groups in dietary pattern..