saeed abdolmaleki

The purpose of this study was  constructing and validating of purposeful classroom management questionnaire in virtual education. The statistical population included students of public and Payame Noor universities in Tehran. Convenient sampling method was used and sample size according to Morgan table for unlimited communities was equal to 384 cases. Researcher-made purposeful management questionnaire and the Dehghanizadeh and HosseinChari Academic Buoyancy (2014) were used for data collection. Exploratory factor analysis and first and second order confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the views of experts and the criterion validity was confirmed based on the correlation coefficient with Academic Buoyancy. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the purposeful classroom management questionnaire have four basic components. First and second order factor analysis indicated that the four-dimensional structural of purposeful classroom management were valid. As a result, in a situation where face-to-face education is challenged due to crises such as epidemics, natural disasters or air pollution and teachers are forced to teach virtually, measuring the dimensions of purposeful classroom management and Receiving corrective feedback based on it can be a practical tool to improve learning outcomes.

This study aimed to explain the resilience model based on purposeful life and quality of relationships mediated by spiritual health in the face of stress conditions caused by Covid-19 disease. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, and the data collection method was a descriptive correlation. The study's statistical population was family members of patients with Covid-19 disease who lived in Tehran. The sample consisted of 300 family members of patients with Covid-19 disease who participated in the study through available sampling and online methods. Data collection instruments included Mahvlyk & Krambaf purpose in Life Questionnaire (1969), Pierce et al. quality of relationships Questionnaire (1991), Connor and Davidson resilience Questionnaire (2003), and Paloutzian & Ellison's spiritual health Questionnaire (1982). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation method and path analysis using SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that the direct effect of purposefulness in life (P > 0.01) and its indirect effect due to spiritual health (P > 0.005) on resilience is significant. The results also show that the indirect effects of social support (P > 0.04) and interpersonal conflict (P > 0.006) on resilience through spiritual health are significant. Therefore, spiritual health can mediate between purposefulness in life and social support and interpersonal conflict on resilience in the face of psychological pressure and increase resilience.

Given the growing growth of virtual education and especially in the context of the spread of the coronavirus pandemic, the essential role of classroom management in improving the quality of education should be considered and The aim of this study was to develop a causal relationship model of purposeful classroom management in virtual education with students' psychological status and academic outcomes.

The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population of the study included students of different educational levels in public and Payame Noor universities in Tehran. The sample was selected based on Morgan table for unlimited communities and based on the number of dimensions of the studied variables equal to 384 people. Sampling method was available electronically due to coronavirus limitations. Data were analyzed using SPSS24 and LISREL8.8 software. Research tools included purposeful classroom management questionnaire in virtual education, Aschbacher et al.'s academic identity, Dehghanizadeh and Hosseinchari Academic buoyancy, Diener flourishing and Golparvar academic ethics questionnaire.

Findings showed that purposeful management of virtual classroom has a positive causal relationship with academic identity, academic buoyancy, flourishing and academic ethics.

As a result, the institutionalization of purposeful classroom management among Professors can be a practical tool in improving the quality of education in cyberspace and lead to the formation of positive academic, emotional and social consequences.

Recently, environmental concern and demand for a catalyst’s high performance have increased and many research activities focused on the operation of a three-way catalyst (TWC) at the end of its lifetime. Catalyst aging is the loss of catalytic activity over time that has crucial importance in emission of three-way catalyst.  The aim of this paper is, investigating experimentally the performance of a fresh and aged three-way catalytic converter (TWC) in legislative driving cycle. For this, vehicle emission test with fresh and aged catalyst was carried out. In this study a commercial catalyst was used, and was aged in a motor-rig, with SBC cycle (Standard Bench Cycle). The total conversions of HC, CO and NOx were decreased over the lean-rich cycles in transient conditions. In the real driving condition, almost in the all-time, the engine has transient condition and in this condition, the non-aged catalyst, achieves higher conversion for times with lambda variations.

Biodiesel is a renewable and sustainable alternative fuel that is derived from vegetable oils and animal fats. In this paper an experimental investigation is conducted to evaluate the use of soybean oil methyl ester (biodiesel) in the diesel fuel at blend ratios of B0, B2, B5 and B10. In this study, the performance and emissions characteristics of conventional diesel fuel and biodiesel fuel blends were compared. The tests were performed at steady-state conditions in a direct injection diesel engine with 90 kW power that was equipped with EGR and with no modification of calibration. The experimental results of brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), torque and exhaust temperature as well as carbon dioxide (CO2), smoke, nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions were presented and discussed. The results of engine performance parameters at different conditions (different load and engine speed) showed that a negligible loss of engine power and a significant increase in brake specific fuel consumption due to lower heating value of biodiesel. Smoke, CO and HC emissions were decreased by increasing blends of soybean oil as compared to pure diesel. However the increase in engine NOx and CO2 emissions were observed with the increase of biodiesel percentage in the blended fuel.