safa taslimi

Saadi grew up in the Ash'ari school, and the influence of Ash'ari words can be easily seen in Saadi's works. The influence of fate and fate on destiny, the influence of nature and essence on human actions, and the lack of influence of education on changing a person's moods and morals can be seen everywhere in Saadi's generalities. In addition to many themes of this kind, another common theme can be seen in Saadi's lyrical and love poems with the concept that love is an involuntary and irrational thing and one cannot resist love or make a choice. That is, the idea of predestination dominates Saadi's love poems, and the question arises as to whether this predestination originates from the words and education of Ash'ari, or is it simply a vehicle for creating a literary theme. With a more detailed examination of Saadi's generalities, using the analytical descriptive method, we come to the conclusion that the influence of Ash'ari's words on Saadi is not such that it made him fall into determinism; Saadi is a free and intellectual person and despite his contemporaries, he does not believe in absolute predestination; As a result, the theme of human helplessness in the world of love is simply an artistic theme and Saadi has used it to express the power of love.Keywords: Ash'arism, Determinism, Dialectics, Saadi.

Ritual or religious poetry is a type of committed poetry that has a purely religious aspect in terms of spirituality and content and originates from revelatory and religious teachings in the shadow of prophetic, Alawite, Fatimid, Razavi, Mahdavi, and Ashura poetry. To take. This type of poetry has a unique semantic fit with mysticism and Sufism, because mystical and mystical poets, like religious poets, and in comparison with other poets of Persian literature in their religious poems have paid special attention to religious intellectual structures, significant presence and commitment. Serious attention to religious themes, Quran and hadiths and religious terms, and at the same time mastering the whole, illustrating these meanings to the semantic proportions of words, extensive use of imaginary forms, especially similes and enrichment to imaginary music, etc. in all works These poets are increasingly showing their convergence with ritual and religious poetry. In this article, the authors intend to consider the themes of the mystical poems of three poets of modern poetry, including Qazveh, Sabzevari, and Harati, from a ritualistic intellectual point of view, and to examine these poems carefully and meticulously.

Non-verbal communication, which is one of the most important human cognitive tools in society, can be deciphered according to culture and language. The importance of this research is due to Sanai's types of sonnets and his focus on the lovers’ relationship. These are established in Sanai’s poetry according to the position, power, type of sonnet, and the choice of narrative and non-narrative expression style as well as their intentions which are classified as 1- sensory: focusing on the five senses 2- behavioral: focusing on actions of the special situations, and 3- cognitive and abstract: focusing on personal interpretation. One of the findings of this study is that most of the lover’s attention in non-verbal communication is cognitive. Also, most of the lover's non-verbal communication is sensory and especially visual, like coquetry and eyebrow movements. Therefore, in Qalandarian songs, some non-verbal relations are more private and new and are often accompanied by behavioral and cognitive actions. Also, the discourse of silence is almost absent in this kind of relationship. Although there are many conversations with the beautiful lover in the history of Persian literature, the non-verbal relations with the rebellious lover of Qalandar in Sanai's poetry are often behavioral and cognitive. Thus, it is concluded that non-verbal relationships in romantic sonnets are based on visual and sensory relationships, while in Qalandarian sonnets, the cognitive aspect of the relationships is more emphasized.

In this article, the authors' efforts are a comparative study of the intellectual level of Hafez and Sanai's sonnets with an emphasis on Lucien Goldmann's theory of formative constructionism. In his own way, Goldmann tries to reveal the connection between the inner structure of the work and the intellectual construction (worldview) of the author's social class, and in his opinion, the stronger this relationship is, the greater its artistic validity. The mental structure of Sana'i society made his sonnets in terms of intellectual level fall into three categories: romantic, mystical, and intellectual, and the social structure of Hafez's time made his sonnets appear to the level of a reformist critical thinker. The results of research, by using the comparative method, indicate that the dominant intellectual level of Hafez's poems is to change the structure of the existing situation and realize justice, and the intellectual level of Sana'i poems, due to the inclusion of epistemic, situational and especially normative implications, is of dimensions and ability. It has important civil and political functions.

One of the constant and important goals of poets and writers in their verse and prose works is to communicate with the audience as best as possible and convey the meaning and message to them as best and accurately as possible. In this regard, using verbal and non-verbal communication has been one of the most common methods in this regard. Non-verbal communication or the use of visual signs has always been an efficient tool for poets to convey themes and concepts hidden in poems. Concepts that main topics are issues such as education, awareness and awakening of people and love (descriptions of the beauty of a lover, separation of a lover, etc.). 'Orfi Shirazi is one of the poets of the early Safavid period, who played an important role in the development of the Indian style of ghazal. The main volume of his divan is sonnets. One of the important indicators of 'Orfi poems is the visual signs (non-verbal communication) hidden in his lyrical themes. For this reason, the present article, using the descriptive analytical method, has attempted to analyze the level of non-verbal communication of "body language" in non-linguistic actions, in 'Orfi Shirazi poems. The hypothesis of the current research is an emphasis on the issue that the body language in the non-verbal communication of 'Orfi Shirazi's lyrical poetry is completely intentional and aimed at attracting the beloved and attracting the audience, as well as rethinking the behavioral patterns of the individual and society, with the aim of irony and symbolism. Among the non-verbal communication processes in 'Orfi Shirazi's poems, gestures and gestures specific to the face, hands, feet, and eyes have the most communicative function and play an important role in conveying concepts and messages.

Conservatism is in fact one of the types of face-to-face and long-distance dialogues that are established between the Ghaznavid court officials with each other or with the princes, especially Amir Massoud. The method of work in this research is descriptive-analytical. Categorizes thematically and by explaining and analyzing them will bring out the results. These dialogues between the famous political and social classes of the court, including: Amir with the minister, Amir with the secretary, Amir with Hajib, the minister with Amir, Amir With Amir, etc., ideas such as: 1- Amir's wise defense of the communication policies of the ministers 2- Authoritarianism with the necessary confidence, relying on the expedient approach 3- Confidence in position, and insight Contradictory politics and his performance with praise by Amir 4- Introducing an efficient minister as a reliable supporter in strengthening political and social interests in the territory under his command, etc. Also, during these thoughts, various political issues arise. Such as: 1- Hope and motivation to Amir 2- Decisive but unwise and hasty decision 3- Determination in the behavior and speech by the Amir towards the Minister 4- High self-confidence along with cunning with the aim of using the honest approach and fraudulent goodwill by the Amir towards the Minister, etc. can be enumerated.

In the history of Iran, poetry has been the predicate and manifestation of sufferings, impulses and social pains and as a cultural and winning media, it has recorded and recorded many historical and social damages and crises in this region. . According to the French sociologist Lucien Goldmann, Hafezchr('39')s lyric poems can be used as a document to reflect the lifestyle and issues of his time. In his view, the individual, like some types of romantic thought, can be reduced to a mere secondary phenomenon and the collective can be considered the only true creator. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to study the sociological factors affecting Hafezchr('39')s lifestyle and poetry with emphasis on Lucien Goldmanchr('39')s theory. The social structure of Hafezchr('39')s time made the lifestyle and intellectual level of his poems appear as a reformist critical thinker.