sajjad almardani someeh

Divorce is one of the stressful experiences of the family that can lead to conflict and incompatibility between couples. The aim of this research was to Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance, commitment therapy and schema therapy on alexithymia of divorced women referring to welfare. The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre- post-test design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all women who referred to welfare organization of Tabriz in the second half of 2022-2023, from which 60 people were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group). Before and after acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy interventions, questionnaire Toronto alexithymia (TAS-20) by Taylor et al. (1997) were used to collect data, and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test was used for hypothese analysis. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that the significance level in all comparisons was less than 0.05, except for the difficulty in identifying emotions, that both interventions were effective on the variable of alexithymia and its two components (p<0.05). According to the results of the present study, there was a difference between the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy in all dependent variable components, except difficulty identifying emotions, and the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy was more than schema therapy.

In educational and training frameworks, achievement goals are the criterion used to assess the success of educational objectives. The goal of this study is to forecast social Achievement goals for female high school students in Tabriz Fifth district of Education using measures of cognitive flexibility, experience avoidance, and distress tolerance. This study used a descriptive and correlational methodology. The statistical population of this study consists of 104 individuals that were chosen by accessible sampling from the second-year female students of Tabriz's five education districts who attended high school in the years 1400–1401. The participants filled out questionnaires on social development goals from Ryan and Hopkins (2003), cognitive flexibility from Martin and Rubin (1995), distress tolerance from Simmons and Gaher (2005), and experience avoidance from Gams et al. (2011). Data analysis methods included simultaneous regression and correlation. The findings of this study revealed a considerable connection between the social achievement goals, experiential avoidance, and distress tolerance. Additionally, the outcomes of the simultaneous regression demonstrated that distress tolerance can predict both performance and performance avoidance aims. The findings of this study may help managers, teachers, and assistant teachers better understand how students avoid academic problems and increase their ability to tolerate suffering in students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of communication skills and conflict resolution techniques in predicting the marital satisfaction of couples. This research was descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all couples living in Famenin in 2019, of whom 110 were selected through convenience sampling method and answered Ansari's marital satisfaction, communication skills, and Rahim’s conflict resolution questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between marital satisfaction and communication skills (r=0.33, p<0.001) and its components, i.e., insight (r=0.26, p<0.001), verbal expression (r=0.32, p<0.001), listening skill (r=0.19, p<0.001), emotional management (r=0.18, p<0.001), but no significant relationship was seen with the assertiveness component (r=0.08, p<0.001). Also, marital satisfaction has a positive relationship with the components of conflict resolution techniques, i.e. integration (r=0.29, p<0.001), avoidance (r=0.13, p<0.05), competence (r=0.12, p< 0.05), and being bound (r=0.28, p<0.001) and has an inverse relationship with the component of dominance (r=-0.26, p<0.001). The results of the regression analysis also showed that 26% of the variance in marital satisfaction is explained by communication skills and conflict resolution techniques. The results show that communication skills and conflict resolution techniques play a role in couples' marital satisfaction.

Drug dependence, the impact on the growth and prosperity of individuals and society. The aim of this study was to Comparison of anxiety sensitivity, alexithymia and self-regulatory in normal and drug abusers. for this purpose, in a causal-comparative study, 30 drug addicts who were referred to treatment centers of Tabriz in the second half of 1395 were selected in an accessible manner and They were compared with 30 normal individuals as matching group. Subjects were tested by anxiety sensitivity, alexithymia, self-regulatory. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that that there is a significant difference among substance abusers and normal in terms ofanxiety sensitivity, alexithymia and self-regulatory and their components; That anxiety sensitivity and alexithymia variables and all their features in substance dependent patients, significantly more than other people's research sample but regarding the self-regulatory and its components average scores of more ordinary people is dependent on the material. The findings of this study show that self-regulatory can foster the ability to be used as a shield against addiction and also can be Helped to the people are more prone to social deviations such as addiction By reducing anxiety and inhibiting negative emotions.

Obsessive compulsive disorder is a debilitating disorder which makes very much adaptation problems for patients and their families. The purpose of this study was the comparison of intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation in obsessive compulsive dsorder-patients and normal individuals. The method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of patients included all the patients with obsessive compulsive disorder who referred to the psychiatric hospital of Razi in Tabriz during the second half of 2013. 25 participants were selected by using simple random sampling and 25 people were selected from the normal staff of the hospital as the comparison group. The instruments used in the study, were the intolerance of uncertainty questionnaire and emotion regulation questionnaire and Multivariate analysis of variance was used for analyzing the data. The results showed that among two groups, obsessive compulsive dsorder-patients and normal participants, there was significant and meaningful differences intolerance of Uncertainty; In this way that the average scores of obsessive compulsive disorder -patients in intolerance of uncertainty was Higher than normal subjects’ average. Also it was observed a significant difference in the variable of Emotion Regulation between obsessive compulsive disorder patients and normal participants, in this way that the average scores of obsessive compulsive disorder -patients in emotion regulation were lower than normal subjects’ average. The results of the current study show that tolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation efficient variables contribute to the improvement of the condition of obsessive patients and can have implicitly be more support of these patients.

The aim of the present study was to compare the Sleep Quality, Problem-Solving Strategies and Psychological Hardiness in smokers and nonsmokers students. The study was a causal comparative research. Statistical population included all university of Mohaghagh Ardabili mail students in 2017 (1395s.c.). 30people were selected through cluster sampling and 30 no smokers participants were matched with them. Data were collected with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire, Problem-Solving Strategies Cassidy & Long and Psychological Hardiness kiamarsi & et al. Data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Analysis of data showed sleep quality variables in smokers than non-smokers was significantly higher (01/0 p). Variable elements of style in general and problem solving, creativity, confidence, style trends in problem solving and non-smokers was significantly higher in smokers. Also in the components of helplessness in solving the problem, control of problem solving and avoiding light smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers (01/0 p). In addition tenacity variables in smokers than non-smokers was significantly lower (01/0> p). So you can understand the importance of respect in this sphere and help to improve the quality of life of the community.

The internet addiction disorder (IAD) is a medical and psychological disorder affecting social and personal life of persons and causing turmoil in it. The purpose of this study was to comparison sleep disturbance, social isolation and difficulties in emotion regulation in IAD and normal students.
In this descriptive-analytic study, which was from cross studies, 25 internet-dependent and 25 normal students were selected using the multistage sampling from the students of Islamic Azad University Ardabil Branch: medical and basic science faculties during the year 2012-2013. The internet addiction test (IAT), insomnia severity index (ISI), University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA) and emotion regulation questionnaire were used to collect information. The obtained data were analyzed by with SPSS17 (MANOVA Test).
It was found that in internet-dependent student’s emotion regulation (99.64±15.51) and waking up too early (2.24±1.05) had the highest and lowest means, respectively. Moreover, the variables of emotion regulation (93.32±16.17) and sleep continuity (2±1.22) had, respectively, the highest and lowest means among the normal students. Also, there was a significant relationship between the two groups in terms of sleep disorder (P=0.001) and social isolation (P=0.004). However, a significant relationship was not seen in terms of emotion regulation (P=0.165).
The findings showed that internet addiction plays an important role in creating sleep disorder and social isolation in students. Therefore, these students should be supported in social terms. Of course, more extensive studies are needed in this field.

Background and Students with dyslexia have a poor performance in reading tasks and this deficient negatively affect their academic achievement and daily activities، which require reading skills. Present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of self-reinforcement training on improvement of reading performance among students with dyslexia. Current research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest/posttest and control group design. Sample consisted of 30 third and fourth graders with dyslexia that were selected using random sampling method when they referred to centers for learning disabilities in Tabriz. Participants randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data were collected using Wechsler Intelligence Test، NAMA Test for Reading، and Reading Dificulty Checklist. Experimental group received an eight-session self-reinforcement training intervention (2/wk). Results of covariance analysis showed a significant improvement in phonic deletion disorder (F= 1736. 83، p < 0. 01; effect size= 0. 98) and word chain disorder (F= 613. 39، p < 0. 01; effect size= 0. 95) in experimental group; while control group showed no significant improvement in reading skills. Self-reinforcement training has a significant positive influence on improvement of word chain and phonic deletion disorders. It seems that self-reinforcement increases students’ self-confidence، self-belief، and sense of competence through making him/ her believe that his/her efforts are not abortive and will lead to reward.

Mothers of deaf children with social and mental health problems, and consistency are exceptionally very high compared with other parents of children with regards to this issue, the aim of this study was to compare the intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation in mothers of deaf and hearing daughters. It was a case-control study. The statistical society of the study included all the mothers of deaf daughters that their children in the special elementary schools were studying in Tabriz in academic year 93-92. 25 mothers of deaf daughters and 25 mothers of hearing daughters were chosen by simple random sampling method and responded to the questionnaires, for data analysis multivariate analysis of variance test was used. Results showed that both groups of mothers of deaf and hearing daughters in terms of intolerance of uncertainty that there was a significant difference, this means that average intolerance of uncertainty scores were above the mothers of deaf daughters and mothers of hearing daughters. Also, in emotion regulation between mothers of deaf and hearing daughters, significant differences were found. This results in the need for a deep understanding of response of deaf students and especially parents revealing and can make sense to have proper planning for Special Education with proper planning and consulting services, and creating a supportive environment (social and psychological) for deaf students and their parents, trying that for them, we provide environments that track your goals in this environment.

Type D personality as a factor increases the psychological turmoil، health issues and unpleasant clinical consequences and has devastating effects on the physical and psychological health of individuals. The aim of this study was the determination of the relationship between alexithymia and the locus of control with type D personality among students. The sample included 92 students (64 girls and 28 boys) who were selected by multistage random sampling. To collect the data، Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagbay، Parker & Taylor، 1994)، Locus of Control Scale (Rotter، 1996) and Type D personality Scale (Denollet، 1998) were used. The results of Pearson correlation showed that there is a meaningful relationship between type D personality and superficial thought (P<0/005) and external locus of control (P<0/002). Also the results of regression showed that there is a meaningful relationship between alexithymia and social inhibition (b=0/30)، negative emotion (b=0/22) and external locus of control (b=0/21) and it can predict these factors. The results of this study convey the importance and necessity of considering the question of identifying the locus of control and the correct guidance of it and also the manner of individuals'' emotional expressiveness and the prevention of its improper practices. This study also tries to decrease the consequences of negative factors associated with type D personality to their minimum level.

Background and Attachment style is a determining factor in one’s capability in problem solving and adaptation to problems and frustrations. Present study aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment styles with avoidant coping styles in mothers of children with hearing impairment. Current research was a correlational study. 151 mothers of children with hearing impairment that were studying in special schools in Tabriz and its suburbs in 2013-2014 academic year were selected using census sampling method. Participants completed Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (Read and Collins, 1990) and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Endler & Parker, 1990). The results showed that avoidant insecure attachment in mothers of children with hearing impairment could predict their avoidant coping strategy (t=2, p0/04>); However, secure attachment style (t=0/91, p0/36>) and ambivalent insecure attachment style (t=1/11, p0/261>) could not significantly predict avoidant coping strategies. Therefore, there was no correlation between attachment styles of mothers of children with hearing impairment and their avoidant coping strategy, and insecure attachment style of mothers was the only variable that could predict their avoidant coping strategy. According to our findings, mothers’ psychological well-being deficits may affect the relationship between attachment styles and avoidant coping strategies in mothers of children with hearing impairment.