فهرست مطالب samad adlipour

Although in recent years the decrease in the tendency to childbearing and the factors affecting it have been at the center of researchers' investigations, the effect of factors such as social rehabilitation, attention to the body (maintaining fitness), modern media, individualism, gender attitudes have received little attention by researchers. The present study was conducted with the aim of studying the factors related to tendency to childbearing among married women in Tabriz.

The research method is correlational. The research statistical population consisted of married women aged 15 to 45 years in Tabriz City., 384 subjects were selected as the sample size via Cochran’s formula. The sample size was selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. The data collection instrument was Childbearing Tendency Scale developed by Rasoulzadeh Aghdam et al., Social reflexivity Scale developed by Afrasiabi and Khorrampour, and a researcher-made attention to body, individualism and gender attitudes scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression.

The tendency to childbearing of married women in Tabriz is at a low level. in addition, there is a significant reversal of correlation of individualism, attention to the body, social reflexivity, gender attitudes and the use of new media (Internet, virtual social networks, satellite networks) with tendency to childbearing. Independent variables introduced in the research regression model can explain for 40% of the variation in the tendency to women’s childbearing.

The findings of the present study can illustrate the current status of tendency towards childbearing among Iranian women and guide the planners’ and authorities’ measures in short, medium and long term policies in order to increase the tendency for childbearing.

In recent decades, the family system in developing countries, including Iran, has undergone some changes and transformations due to the influence of the modernization process and the introduction of modern values and development programs. Among these changes, there are high statistics of divorce and the change in people's attitude towards divorce. Now, the main question is that what is the relationship between the process of development idealism and the attitude towards divorce? Using a survey method, the present research was conducted among over 18 year old married men and women in Tabriz city in 2018. The sample of the study includes 600 people who were chosen through the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The findings of the research show that there is a direct correlation between the idealism of development and its components (individualism, rationality, universalism, gender equality, reflexivity and secularization of religious beliefs) with the attitude towards divorce. That is, the increase in the development idealism makes positive the people's attitude towards divorce and the enormity of divorce is paled. Also, among the components of development idealism entered the regression model, only the components of reflexivity and the secularization of religious beliefs were able to significantly impact on the respondents' attitude towards divorce and explain 0.25 of the changes in the attitude towards divorce.

Social health is one of the most basic social welfare criteria of any society. Social thinkers believe that one of the factors contributing to the promotion of social health of people is leisure time. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the relationship between leisure time and its types and social health. In this paper, Keyes's theory is used to measure social health and Dumazedier’s theory for measuring leisure time types. The research method is a survey based on a researcher-made questionnaire among 300 BA students of Pardis branch of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in 94-95 academic year using stratified sampling method. Findings of the research indicate that there is a meaningful direct relationship between leisure time and its types and social health of students. The results of regression analysis showed that 25% of the changes in social health is related to the types of individual’s leisure activities. Among leisure-time types, social leisure has the most and practical leisure has the least impact on students’ social health. It should be noted that the effect of physical and artistic leisure on social health is not meaningful.

Family sociologists believe that modernization is the most important factor in family transformations of developing countries. After the appearance of modernization in Iran, the family institution has experienced many changes in recent decades. After the Iranian Revolution, many policies and programs have been implemented to protect the family from the challenges of modernization. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to study the changes and transformations of the family in the context of modernization and its impact on Iran's policy makings in the field of family. The research is conducted by a qualitative method and the grounded theory approach has been used as the operational method of the research. The statistical sample of the research includes the citizens and the experts of Tabriz city. The sampling strategy is theoretical and the sampling method is purposeful. The findings indicate that modernization has made some changes in family patterns, in marriage rules, in family practices, in attitudes and patterns of childbearing, balance of power in the family, in leisure patterns and in attitudes and patterns of divorce. Also, the policies adopted by the governments after the revolution were not able to address the harms and challenges of the family. These policies are associated with some problems such as lack of a non-comprehensive policies or holistic approach to the family, having a harm-oriented approach to the family, existence of gnumerous family custodians, unclear family policies, unclear approaches achieving policies, ignoring family diversity, lack of a sociological insight into policies and the reduction of the semantic and conceptual meaning of the family to meet the basic needs.

Findings and published statistical data show that the fertility rate and the tendency towards childbearing are decreasing in many countries, including Iran. Many personal, social, economic, and cultural factors can cause this decline. Nonetheless, cultural changes have flourished, among other factors in recent years. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the role of cultural changes in a childbearing tendency among women. 

The research has a correlational design. The statistical population consisted of married women aged 15 to 45 years in Tabriz City, Iran, in 2017. The sample size was calculated as 384 with the Cochran formula. The samples were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. The study measures were childbearing attitude scale, family values, religious values, global values, and a researcher-made individualism scale. The obtained data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. 

Findings showed that the tendency towards childbearing of women in Tabriz is low. Besides, there is a significant negative correlation between a tendency towards childbearing and variables of individualism (r=-0.37, P=0.000) and adherence to universal values (r=-0.35, P=0.001). But there is a significant positive relationship between the variables of adherence to family values (r=0.32, P=0.000) and religious values (r=-0.36, P=0.000) with the tendency towards childbearing. Additionally, independent variables introduced in the research regression model can explain 38% of the variations in the tendency towards childbearing. 

The role of cultural factors affecting procreation should be considered to modify the current reducing trend of childbearing among Iranian families.

Today, violence against women is one of the most important social harms in both the national and international levels. Violence against women can be the result of the women's inability to manage living conditions and establish social relationships properly and can be examined based on the concept of social intelligence in the three dimensions of social information processing, social skills and social awareness. Albert Bandura's theory of social learning and pressure theory were used to explain the concept of violence. The statistical population of this study consists of 700 married women aged 20-60 years in Tabriz. Data were collected using a questionnaire and Amos Graphics and SPSS 21 software were used to analyze them. Findings show that there is a significant and inverse correlation between violence against women and the variable dimensions of women's social intelligence: as the level of women's social intelligence increases and their ability to manage situations properly and adapt to individual-social differences, the level of violence against them Also decreases in the same proportion. Therefore, in this regard, solutions to reduce the rate of violence using social preventive approaches have been presented in the research suggestions section.

Extramarital relations are the most common social problems with many negative consequences on family institution, including erosion of mutual marital trust and divorce. A study on the attitudes of people in society towards extramarital relations can be an important indicator in predicting this behavior. The present study to investigate the attitudes toward extramarital relations and some of its related factors.The research was a correlation survey, and the statistical population consisted of married women aged 18-60 years old in Tabriz city in 2018. 510 participants were selected as sample of studythrough the multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire on attitudes toward extramarital relations, familism, social reflexivity, and religiosity. The findings show that with increasing familism and religiosity , participants’ attitudes toward rigorous or negative outcomes of extramarital relations become significant, while with increasing satellite networks usage and virtual social networks usage, their attitudes toward extramarital relations become positive. In addition, the predicted variables in the regression model of the study can explain 36% of the changes in attitudes toward extramarital relations. By increasing the level of adherence to family values and the adoption of appropriate family policies and decisions and its challenges, it is possible to significantly reduce the individuals’ negative or positive attitudes towards extramarital relations.

 As sociologists believe, some part of family changes in Iran is due to changes in people's attitudes toward childbearing values. The present study aimed to study some social factors affecting the attitude towards childbearing among married women and men. This cross-sectional was conducted among a sample of married women and men aged 18 to 49 years using cluster sampling technique in Tabriz, Iran. The research instrument consisted of a self-designed questionnaire on attitude towards childbearing, religiosity, family and modern media and modern rethinking. In all 415 citizens were selected. There was no significant difference in attitudes toward childbearing between women and men (p = 0.919), but there was significant difference between participants with different educational levels (p = 0.010) and socioeconomic statuses (p = 0.027) regarding attitudes toward childbearing. There was a direct correlation between family orientation (p=0.000, r=0.54) and religiosity (p < 0.0001, r=0.42) with the attitudes toward childbearing, and between modern reflexivity (p < 0.0001, r= -0.38), degree of usage of internet (p < 0.0001, r= -0.30) and degree of usage of virtual social networks (p= <0.0001, r= -0.24) with the attitudes toward childbearing. Independent variables entering the regression model explained 40% of the variance in attitudes toward the participants’ childbearing. To create positive attitudes towards childbearing among Iranian families, special attentions should be paid to strengthen family life and religion believes

Street disturbances are the most important problems for women in urban public spaces, having wide implications for them. The study is to investigate the relationship between street disturbances against girls and young women with trust and social health. It employs a survey research technique in terms of research method, and a cross-sectional research analysis in terms of time. The research statistical population consisted of girls and young women aged 18-33 years in Tabriz in 2018 who were selected via a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Using the Cochran formula, 384 people were selected as the sample size. To measure the independent variables, the researcher-made Social Trust Questionnaire, Keyes Social Health Questionnaire, and to measure street disturbances, the Disturbance Street Questionnaire of Riahi and Lotfi Khachaki (2016) were employed. Validity and reliability of these questionnaires were confirmed through face and construct validity as well as Cronbach's alpha coefficient test. The findings indicated that the mean of street disturbances and its two dimensions (physical disturbances sexual harassment, and proposals) are lower than moderate level, but the level of non-physical interactions is moderate. Moreover, there is a significant negative correlation between street disturbance and its dimensions (physical, non-physical disturbances, proposals, and sexual harassment) with social trust and social health of girls and young women in Tabriz City. In addition, the variables (physical and non-physical disturbances, proposals, and sexual harassment) entering the research regression model can explain 24٪ of variances in social trust and 22٪ of variances in social health of the participants.

The changes that have occurred in recent decades have dramatically affected the formation and intensification of social problems among the youth. One of the problems caused by these developments is cultural distortion among people. The concept of social capital, following the nature and content, is associated with social problems and harm. The present study is aimed at studying the cultural deviance among undergraduate students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University and seeks to study the relationship between social capital and it. The study employs a survey researchconducted on 366 undergraduate students of the Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in the academic year of 2016-2017 who were selected via the stratified sampling method. Validity and reliability of the research Instrument were analyzed through factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, which indicated the appropriate validity and reliability of the research instrument. The research findings indicate that there is a significant indirect correlation between social capital and its dimensions (social trust, social participation and social cohesion) with cultural deviance. Moreover, three variables of social trust, social participation, and social cohesion have been able to explain 30 percent of the cultural deviance.

Happiness given the importance of social happiness in Iran, several studies have been conducted in this field in recent years. Due to the abundance and diversity of studies conducted in the field of social happiness, it is necessary to conduct a combinative research, like meta-analysis, in this area. The main question of this research is: What are the most important factors affecting social happiness in the findings of researches conducted in Iran?
The population of the study consists of almost all research papers that studied social happiness and were published between 2001 and 2015 in Iran. Finally 24 researches were selected and analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-analysis software (CMA2).
The results showed that life satisfaction, self-esteem, religious and social relations – compared to other variables – have significant impacts on social happiness in Iran. The results of effect size showed that the relationship between life satisfaction and social happiness in the studies reviewed is positive and high level (effect size = 0.61). Also the relationship between self-esteem and social happiness in the studies reviewed is positive and high level (effect size = 0.58). Random combined effects show that the relationship between religious and social happiness, which stands at 0.39, is positive and moderate. The relationship between social relations and social happiness is also positive and moderate (effect size = 0.37).

Individuals' health in society especially that of youth, on the one hand, is considered one of the significant indicators of development of societies and, on the other, can play a fundamental role in a society's development. Planners in different societies, therefore, are determined to improve and promote their level of social health. Among the ways to promote the level of social health is to investigate the amount of this indicator in the society and to identify the factors influencing the betterment of individuals' social health. In order to do this, using meta-analysis method, the present research studies the factors influencing youth's social health in conducted researches in this area. It seeks to identify these influential factors as well as the weak points of the researches involving youth's social health. The findings of this study reveal that variables, including social support, religiousness, socioeconomic status, sex, and marital status are the most significant factors influencing youth's social health.

The development of new modes of communication among Iranian families, this social institution has been influenced by the changing needs of young people and young couples; among the new technologies are the newest innovations in mobile social networks, which also include incidents and damages, as well as offshoots. The present study aims at identifying the opportunities and challenges of mobile social networks for Iranian families. This research was conducted using qualitative research method and via the semi-structured interviewing technique for data collection. The youth aged 20 to 33 years, as users of mobile social networking sites in Tabriz, who had at least two years of experience in these networks, were selected as statistical population. In fact, 20 of these users were selected as participants via the purposive sampling method. Analyzing participants’ interviews resulted in the extraction of 9 types of major issues in the context of the challenges and challenges of mobile virtual networks as follows: "alienation from the insiders (relatives and peers) (reduction of family interactions)", "the intimacy of others (generalization of the private sphere)," the emergence of new communication patterns in families, "the escalation of the value gap", "promotion of pornography", "sexual friendships outside the framework of families", "privacy violations", "erosion of marital reciprocity", and "intensification of consumerism".

Social security is one of the important components of social welfare and women as the human capital of any society play a key role in promoting excellence and the goals of society; this is not possible with the sense of their security in the social arena. Therefore, the present study seeks to study the role of social factors affecting the sense of social security of women. The present paper is based on research findings. The survey was conducted using a researcher-made questionnaire with a sample size of 330 women among 15- to 49-year-old women in Tabriz in 1395. Sampling method is multi-stage cluster sampling. There is a meaningful direct relationship between the socio-economic status of women, the level of social capital, the social support of women in society, the women's perspective on the objective and structural conditions of society, the views of women on their legal protections, and the level of social security feeling. But there is an inverse relationship between the variable of women's mentality and their subordinate position in society and the sense of social security. In order to increase women's sense of security, women should pay particular attention to factors such as increasing social protection of women and increasing social capital of women.

Scholars of social sciences believe that social capital is one of the variables which can directly and indirectly effect on the identity of individuals of a society. Therefore, the present study is to investigate the relationship of social capital with reflexive identity among students. This study is a survey research conducted on 316 BA/BSc students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in academic year 2015-2016. The participants were selected via the stratified sampling technique. The data collection instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire. Findings of the study show that there is a direct significant correlation between social capital and its dimensions (Social trust, social participation, social cohesion, social support, and the volume ofcommunication networks) with reflexive identity of students. That is with the increase in the degree of students’ social capital, their reflexive identity is reinforced as well. The results obtained form the regression test show that the five dimensions of social capital, i.e. Social trust, social participation, communication network size, social cohesion, and social support) could explain 20% of variations of students’ reflexive identity.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship of the presence in the Face book social network, as one of the instruments for globalization, and commitment to family and religious values with cultural deviations of the youth in Tabriz City. The present study was conducted via a survey research method on the participants who were selected using the voluntary and convenience sampling method. The data were collected using an internet-based questionnaire relying on the Cultivation theory, cultural imperialism theory and Hirschi’s Social Bond theory. The research population consists of all young users of Face book in Tabriz in 2015. The sample size was as 400 participants. Findings of the research indicate that the degree of cultural deviations in the participants is at a moderate level. In addition, there is a significant correlation between ground variables (gender, marital status, employment, education, and socio-economic status) and cultural deviations. Moreover, there is a direct correlation between the degree of using Face book and considering its content realized in the cultural deviations of the participants, while a significant but reverse correlation is between commitment to religious and family values and cultural deviations. All in all, independent variables entering the regression model can explain 30% of the variations of the youth’s cultural deviations.

In the presentage, modern information and communication technologies which have resulted in fading spatial and temporal borders, have caused the expansion of personal values among cultures which have the possibility of presenting more of these values in the world. Virtual social networks such as Facebook are among the most important instruments of promoting such cultural values in societies. In the present study the effect of Facebook Social Network on the fashionism of girls and women of the city of Tabriz is studied. The study was conducted using a survey research with the instrument of a researcher-made questionnaire distributed among 15 to45yearold women in Tabriz in 2014 with relying on the Structuration Theory of Giddens, Cultivation Theory, and Satisfaction Theory. The sampling method was the stratified sampling. Findings of the present study indicates that, there is a significant and positive correlation between the duration of membership of users in Facebook, the degree of using Facebook, purposive use of Facebook, the degree of participation and activity of users in Facebook and fashionism, and also, this social network plays a significant role in the tendency to fashionism among women and girls.

With regard to increasing growth of social media and different aims and motivations which young users have to use them, the present study is to identify Iranian young users’ aims and motivations to use social media and different types of those young users. In fact, the present study is to investigate the typology of young users of social media using the mixed method research and employing the semi-structured interviewing technique and a researcher-made questionnaire conducted on 2100 Iranian young users in five cities of Isfahan, Tabriz, Tehran, Mashhad, and Sari. Findings of the present study indicated that the most important aims and motivations of young users in using social media are as follows: getting news and information; communicating with friends, relatives and classmates; making new friends and connecting with old friends; forming groups and participating in discussions and other facilities, expressing their emotions; seeing photos of their friends and their activities; making familiar with virtual and modern communication styles; tracking and following their favorite topics; listening music; sharing any video, photo, clips, entertainment and truancy; and running away from the problems of everyday life. Other findings of the study indicated that Iranian young users can be divided into eight groups of actives, passives, communication seekers, down loaders, news readers, discussers, pornographers and entertainment seekers.

With the expansion of modern information and communication technologies such as satellite channels and networks, individuals and ethnic groups use these media differently for creating and establishing their ethnic identity. The number of these satellite channels which are active based on ethnicity and their audiences are increasing day by day. This issue may face the role of the government and natural media with challenges in terms of communication and information. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the most important reasons and grounds of tendency of the youth of Tabriz City towards satellite channels of the two countries of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Turkey and the effects of these networks on the ethnic identity of this group of individuals in Tabriz.
Theoretical Framework : Regarding the effect of media, there are different theories and ideas among which, the Cultivation Theory and the uses and gratifications theory were selected as the theoretical framework of the study. The Cultivation Theory emphasizes the interactions between media and those audiences using the media and how media influence their audiences. The main hypothesis of this theory is that there is direct relationship between the degree of encountering and using media and realism in contents and programs of those media in such a way that long hours of exposure to specific media cause the changes in attitudes and ideas in favor of media content. In fact, the Cultivation Theory studies the degree of the effect of these media by determining the degree and type of programs used by the media in order to achieve the mechanism and the way of influencing.
The uses and gratifications theory in addition to considering audiences active, emphasizes their needs and motivations in using media and believes that values, interests, and social roles of audiences are important, and people select what they want to see and hear based on these factors.
In general, with relying on the theoretical framework, this hypothesis can be presented that there is a significant relationship of the duration of using these channels, the degree of use of them, the type and aims of audiences (purposive and non-purposive), and trusts in contents of Turkish-speaking satellite channels with audiences’ ethnic identity.
The present study was conducted using the descriptive mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative approaches). In addition, to collect data, the study uses a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. To do this research in the quantitative part, copies of the questionnaire were distributed among the sample in Tabriz suing quota random sampling method using easy convenience (with considering that the population size of the research was not exactly identified). The population included all the youth using Turkish-speaking satellite programs. The sample size consisted of 388 participants. The data were analyzed using software programs and multivariate regression. In addition, the variable of ethnic identity included 21 questions among which 10 questions were related to cultural and linguistic dimensions, 4 questions were related to social and political dimensions, and 3 questions were related to ethnocentrism. To investigate the relationship of variables in the qualitative part, the data obtained via semi-structured interviews with 20 participants using the purposive sampling method and, were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis technique in order that the most reasons and grounds of tendencies of the youth towards Turkish-speaking satellite channels can be obtained.
The results indicate that about two third of the participants used these satellite programs for two hours or more per day. In the variable ethnic identity, 61.3% of the participants considered their ethnic identity at the high level, 32.5% of them at the moderate level, and 6.2% of them at the low level.
Findings of the study indicated that there is a direct and significant correlation between the duration of using these programs, purposive uses, and trust in contents of these Turkish-speaking satellite channels with their users’ ethnic identity. Moreover, findings of the research show that dissatisfaction with provincial network programs of East Azerbaijan Radio and TV Organization and weaknesses in cultural representations or inappropriate representations of Turks in programs of the national media are considered as the most important reasons and grounds of tendencies of the youth of Tabriz towards Turkish-speaking satellite channels.
Discussion and In general, tendencies of the youth towards Turkish-speaking satellite channels refers to deficits in provincial network programs and weaknesses in cultural representations or inappropriate representations of culture, history, literature, language, and music of ethnic groups. Provincial network programs of East Azerbaijan Radio and TV Organization and even the national media allocate little time for representing music, dance, rituals, history, traditions of Turkish people and other ethnic groups. Therefore, audiences cannot realize their cultural and ethnic needs as much as possible and consequently, they tend to Turkish-speaking satellite channels of the two countries of Republic of Azerbaijan and Turkey in order to re-identify their ethnic identity. The theoretical basis of this claim is that in the globalization era, not only cultural-ethnic interests are not weakened, but tendencies to reconstructing their elements increase. In this arena, communication media have the main roles, and people tend to refer to their own cultural and ethnic identity and they tend to each medium representing their culture and ethnicity; there is no difference for the audience that what are the logos of the channels they are watching, or whether they are foreign or domestic. When a medium becomes the interest and preference of people, they see their cultural and identity images in it.

According to the UNESCO in 2007, Iran is among the five top countries in terms of cultural heritage and among the top ten countries in the world in terms of the potential of international tourist attraction. The main issue is that, regarding the high potential of Iran in terms of attracting tourists, why it has not been successful in this issue? Investigating the literature related to this issue indicates that, the tourism industry in Iran has opportunities and limitations. Therefore, in the present study, using a meta-analysis technique, these opportunities and limitations in Iran are investigated. The results of the research indicate that, the history and civilization of Iran, appropriate and unique ecotourism, the existence of diverse sects and religions, and low costs of tourism in Iran are among the most important opportunities and potential of tourism in Iran. In addition, the existence of political and planning limitations, over-reliance on oil incomes, infrastructural limitations and concentration of industries and services in only a few big cities, cultural and religious limitations, limitations related to advertisements and media, and limitations regarding training are among the most important challenges and limitations of the tourism industry in Iran.

Nowadays, information and communication technologies such as virtual social networks have led to a dramatic change in the social and cultural issues.This study used secondary analysis of 21 research works over the last few years in the field of social network Facebook Ajam, the basis for analyzing the data.This paper aims to identify the extent and type of changes that marked the presence and interaction in Facebook on identity, lifestyle, youth, religious and social relationships have been established.The results indicate that Iranian youth engagement through the use of Facebook in the social and cultural changes have been exposed.Through the use of Facebook, a modern identities reflexively growth and reduce the situation of national identity, cultural and political identity has ended.Use Facebook users has increased social interactions and social capital. The Facebook lifestyles of young people to new forms of digital life grafted makes people pay more attention to your body and change the way users are leisure.Besides, Facebook reduces religious identity, religious commitment and faith is its young users .Finally, we mention the results Bhvqv a problem or a social problem in the context of national identity, cultural and political identity and religious commitment has proposed the use of virtual social networks.

At present time, body has become significantly important due to growth of consumption culture and the mass media. One of the raised issues in the field of body sociology is body management; an issue which has received considerable attention by girls and women. By changing their physical appearance, individuals make social construction of body. The present research studies social and cultural factors affecting the emergence of this phenomenon considering theories of Bourdieu, Giddens, Featherstone, Turner, and Goffman. The study is a survey-based one and the data was collected through a questionnaire made by the researcher. The population sample consisted of 530 girls and women in Tabriz ranging from 15 to 45 in age, in the year 1391. Multistage sampling method was used, and the results indicate that there are direct relationships between the variables of social acceptance, feeling social pressures, cultural capital, occupation status, marriage status, social class, use of the foreign mass media and body management. There are indirect relationships between religiosity and use of the foreign mass media variables and body management. The mentioned variables could explicate 41% of body management changes.

Undoubtedly, the social world is changing and one of the main factors of transformation in the current world is new and modern technological achievements which are considered as modern media. However, due to their emerging nature of these media, there has been no agreement on their positive or negative effects and there have been different ideas about the effect of these modern media such as virtual social networks such Cloob on social capital. In addition, regarding the available statistics, the most use of virtual social networks is assigned to the youth particularly young girls and women who use these networks with different types of motivation. The study of the effects of using virtual social networks among girls and women can identify some consequences of these modern media. The present study was conducted using a survey research and employing a researcher-made internet-based questionnaire whose reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient as 0.79. Research population includes all girls and women who are members of Cloob Social Network in Tabriz. The theoretical framework of the research is extracted from available theories about effects of virtual spaces on social capital. Research findings indicate that there is a direct and significant correlation of variables of the duration of users’ membership in Cloob, the degree of using Cloob, the degree of participating and being active in Cloob, and the degree of significance of Cloob for users with the degree of social capital. In addition, independent variables entered the regression model of the research could explain 30% of variations of participants’ social capital. In general, the results indicate that Cloob Social Network can increase users’ social capital.