فهرست مطالب samin baharshanjani

The aim of the current investigation was to identify the lived experiences of mothers during the empty nest period. Qualitative descriptive phenomenology was implemented in the current investigation. The entire population of research statistics in 2021 comprised all mothers in Tehran whose offspring were all married. The preference sampling method was employed to select 8 individuals from the aforementioned population for the study sample. Interviews were conducted in a semi-structured format, which were subsequently verbatim implemented and analyzed using the Smith and Osborn method. Six primary themes were identified in this investigation:1) The mother's perception of the child; 2) The child choice of spouse; 3) The child's departure from the paternal household; 4) Parenting after the child’s marriage; 5) Communication with the spouse during the empty nest period; and 6) The necessities of old age and aging were identified in the experiences of mothers. Subthemes were present in each of the primary themes. The experience’s substance was also attained through the performance of multifaceted roles that prioritized the preservation of family unity. The research results indicate that children and their affairs are the most sensitive issue for parents, particularly mothers, and that all stages of their lives, including the empty nest stage, are regulated accordingly. The results of the present study can be utilized by families and therapists to fortify the parent-child relationship and the relationship between spouses during the empty nest period.

The present study was aims to investigating the derivers, behaviors, and consequences of the fear of missing out (FOMO) in Iranian youth.

This is qualitative study using the grounded theory. Participants were 21 young adults with FOMO aged 18-25 in Mashhad, Iran. Sampling was done using a purposeful sampling method until reaching data saturation. Przybylski’s FOMO scale was used to diagnose FOMO in samples. Unstructured in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data. In addition, semi-structured interviews with experts were conducted for data richness. 

We extracted one central theme “trying to achieve self-adequacy” and eight main themes including inadequacy of the family, personal factors, biosocial challenges, perpetuating factors, resulting failures, short-term successes, drowning in FOMO, and rescue from FOMO.

The FOMO in Iranian youth originates from their lack of self-adequacy. It is necessary to pay attention to and strengthen the sense of self-adequacy in young adults to prevent the development of FOMO.

The purpose of this study was to assess and identify the cognitive and emotional experiences of adolescents’ use of Instagram using a phenomenological method. The sample consisted of twelve adolescents (seven females and five males) in Tehran. Recruitment was conducted from December to January 2022 using random selection. First, the Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998) was administered. Those who scored from “moderate” to “severe on” this test were recruited for the study (Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. Three main themes emerged from the analyzes: 1) reasons for using Instagram (including subthemes such as entertainment and leisure, exploration, and anxiety), 2) interesting content for adolescents (including subthemes such as education, recreation, and entertainment), and 3) cognitive and emotional experiences (including subthemes such as pleasant experiences and unpleasant experiences). The results suggest that adolescents’ mental health is greatly affected by Instagram social media use. The findings warrant the formulation of educational programs to prepare and protect this population from the negative effects of Instagram use.

The aim of this study was to compare emotional reactivity and children's theory of mind based on their mothers' emotional expression styles. The research method was descriptive causal-comparative and was conducted online in two steps. First, using available sampling method, 105 mothers whose scores were a standard deviation above average in each of the emotional expressiveness (King and Emmons, 1990), Ambivalence over emotional expressiveness (King and Emmons, 1990) and Emotional Control (Roger and Nashvor, 1987) questionnaires (35 people in each group), entered the second step. In the second step, for the 10-12-year-old girls of these mothers, the Theory of Mind (Muris, 1999; Baron Cohen, 2001) and Emotional Reactivity (Nock, 2008) Questionnaires were administered. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that children's emotional reactivity with mothers with control and emotional ambivalence styles are order higher than emotional expressiveness style and the scores of children's theory of minds (p = 0.001) with mothers with emotional control and emotional ambivalence styles are order lower than emotional expression style. The explanation of the findings shows that in the emotional control style due to the suppression of emotions, children have more emotional reactivity and the ability to process of emotions in them is lower, while in the emotional expression style, the balance of emotional expression makes the child has high emotional awareness and can better communicate with others.

The spread of the coronavirus causes many problems, including anxiety, depression, being away from relatives, and increasing feelings of loneliness. However, research has not yet comprehensively explained what problems and challenges will be faced by mourning spouses with coronavirus.

The aim of the present study was to identify the life experiences of mourning spouses during the corona virus pandemic.

present study was qualitative descriptive phenomenology. The sample consisted of 8 mourning spouses in Tehran who lost their partners in the period from April to September 2020. Targeted and snowball sampling methods were used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, then implemented verbatim and analyzed by the seven-step Colaizzi’s method.

In this study, 4 main themes include: 1) Concerns (Worries about survival, worries about children, financial concerns); 2) personal reactions (Emotional reactions, behavioral reactions); 3) changes in social relations (Communication with relatives, communication with coworkers); 4) A change of perspective (Towards the world, towards those around) was identified.

According to the findings, it can be said that the lives of mourning spouses have been severely affected by this disease and the death of their spouses, and it is necessary to provide support systems for them according to their circumstances.

Covid-19 has had a significant impact on spouses' relationships. The high mortality rate from this disease is also a serious challenge. The aim of study was to identify and investigate the differences between the life experiences of healthy spouses and mourning spouses during the corona virus epidemic. The research method was qualitative interpretive phenomenology. The statistical population was all healthy spouses of Tehran and Khorasan Razavi provinces, who have not been infected with the disease since the beginning of the outbreak and all spouses of these two provinces who lost their spouses due to corona virus. The sample included 9 healthy and 8 mourning spouses. The available sampling method was used for healthy spouses and the targeted and snowball method was used for mourning spouses. Interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner, then implemented verbatim and analyzed by Colaizzi method. 4 main themes were identified in the experiences of both groups: worries, personal reactions, changes in social relationships and changes in attitudes. The main differences were in the sub-themes (e.g., illness concerns for healthy spouses and worries about survival for mourning spouses) and were similar in main themes due to the commonality of the questions.

Due to the direct and indirect effects of coronavirus on various aspects of life, the aim of this study was to identify the lived experiences of healthy spouses during the Coronavirus pandemic. The method was qualitative of phenomenological type. The study population was all spouses in Tehran who have not been infected with the disease since the beginning of the coronavirus outbreak. The sample consisted of 9 healthy spouses who entered the study by convenience sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, then implemented verbatim and analyzed by the seven-step Colaizzi method. In this study, 4 main themes were identified: worries, personal reactions, changes in social relations, change of perspective. According to the findings, it can be said that the lives of the spouses are severely affected by this disease. it is necessary to provide support systems for healthy spouses according to their circumstances.