فهرست مطالب sara shokrpoor

Neurological conditions constitute approximately 10% of feline cases referred to veterinary clinics. Such cases often present manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) damage, including inflammatory lesions, neoplastic growth and structural and cellular transformations.

This study aimed at identifying histopathological changes in the CNS of cats that had succumbed to neurological symptoms.

Microscopic evaluation of different sections within the CNS was conducted on 20 cats that had either died naturally or were euthanized due to neurological signs. After performing a necropsy, we examined the CNS tissues and conducted PCR testing to screen for possible viral infections, including feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV).

The majority of cases showed characteristic histopathologic lesions, notably mononuclear and suppurative meningoencephalitis, perivascular cuffing, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), granulomatous meningoencephalitis, acute neuronal necrosis, liquefactive necrosis, epididymitis, thrombosis and demyelination. Among the 20 cats studied, 12 tested positive for FIP by PCR analysis, while 5 cats exhibited positive results for FIV. Also, FeLV PCR tests displayed positive results in 4 cats. No evidence of feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) was observed.

This study is the first of its kind conducted in Iran. Based on the results, the most prevalent viral agents infecting cats’ CNS were FIP, FIV and FeLV. The investigation revealed no evidence of FSE in cats with neurological signs.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with an increasing global prevalence that can lead to premature death. High blood glucose is the main lab. abnormality in diabetes mellitus which occurs as a consequence of disorder in pancreatic insulin secretion or function. L -Serine supplementation regarded as safe by the FDA can improve glucose homeostasis and reduce homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of L-serine intake on oxidative stress indices and histopathologic changes in the pancreas of diabetic mice.

In order to conduct this study, 18 c57bl/6 male mice were purchased and divided into 3 groups (control, diabetic control and diabetic mice treated by L-serine(. Diabetes induced by chemical method (streptozotocin, 200 mg/kg). After four weeks of oral administration of L-Serine (approximately 280 mg/day/mouse), animals were euthanized by guillotine and blood samples and pancreas tissues were obtained to determine biochemical parameters, oxidative stress indices and pathological changes.

The results of this study showed that oral administration of the supplement of L-Serine in diabetic mice could help to lower blood sugar levels and could lead to increased catalase enzyme activity (P<0.05) but had no significant effect on the levels of MDA, cholesterol, and triglyceride. On the other hand, histopathological changes showed a slight reduction in diabetes-induced pancreas damage in mice treated with L-serine.

These findings showed that the supplement of L-Serine may have a protective effect against diabetes-induced pancreas damage by lowering blood sugar and improving oxidative stress status.

Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) is a tiny colorful parrot and one of the most popular pets worldwide. This study was performed on a 5-year-old male budgerigar with a large and fluid-filled mass in the anterior part of the neck. Fine needle aspiration was accomplished to determine tumor origin, and the tumor content was cultured on blood and MacConkey agars (aerobic and anaerobic conditions). Besides, tumor ultrasonography and whole-body radiographs were done in the lateral and ventrodorsal positions. Finally, the tumor was removed, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). The radiology and ultrasonography results showed that the tumor (5.2×4×3.7 cm) had a homogenous structure filled with echogenic fluid content. The tumor content culture revealed no bacterial growth. Histopathologically, the mass was composed of cystic spaces with invagination of the lining epithelial cells, forming intraluminal papillae. The tumor was diagnosed as a papillary cystadenocarcinoma.

Idiopathic cardiomyopathy in hamsters can cause death due to cardiac failure. The current case study investigated the capability of imaging to reveal possible cardiomyopathy in a dead hamster. To this end, the cadaver of a 6-month-old male Roborovski dwarf hamster, which showed acute respiratory symptoms a few days before its death, was examined by virtopsy to discover the cause of death. Postmortem radiography was not efficient enough to evaluate the heart due to postmortem lung atelectasis that increases lung opacity and diminishes the contrast between lung and heart. Postmortem computed tomography can be helpful for the assessment of cardiac size. Consistent with postmortem echocardiographic studies, an increased thickness of the left ventricular parietal wall and the interventricular septum and dilation of the left atrium were observed. Thus, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was determined by imaging and confirmed by the conventional necropsy approach. It showed that the cause of death was acute cardiac failure following idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) is the etiological agent of caprine contagious pleuropneumonia (CCPP) disease. The CCPP is one of the most severe diseases of goats. A herd of 2,000 goats located in the countryside of Tehran city, Iran, was examined for the study in August 2021. In history taking, observation, inspection and clinical examination, high case fatality rate (46.00%) due to respiratory distress and high morbidity of pleuropneumonia (15.00%) syndrome were recorded. Accordingly, ten carcasses of goats were dissected. The epidemiological pattern of the disease, clinical examination findings and the signs of necropsy of dead patients were suspected to CCPP. Four lung samples of necropsied goats were sent to the laboratory for PCR test and in all of them, Mccp was detected and CCPP was also confirmed. The disease was controlled by two measures: (a) the whole herd was first treated with antibiotics (florfenicol and tylosin) and (b) then the Pulmovac-In vaccine was then administered. This study is the first documented report of CCPP occurrence caused by Mccp in Iran and shows the importance of availability of effective vaccines to control and prevention of CCPP.

Hepatic lipidosis and hernia are problems that can occur in pet birds due to different causes. Aspergillosis is also an important disease of pet birds. This article reports an interesting case which, to our knowledge, is the first one in Iran. A 7-year-old male common mynah was presented to the clinic of avian diseases at the University of Tehran, Tehran City, Iran, with a history of severe dyspnea, anorexia, feeding with a high-energy diet, and recently been in the northern parts of Iran. Unfortunately, the bird died. Necropsy was done to diagnose the cause of death. Tissue samples from abdominal viscera, lungs, and air sacs were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Bacterial cultures from the liver and bone marrow were performed on blood and MacConkey agars. In the external carcass examination, the abdominal swelling, hernia, and yellow discoloration under the skin were obvious. At necropsy, the liver was enlarged with yellowish discoloration. There was also a high amount of fat around the abdominal viscera. Microscopically, fatty change, hepatocellular necrosis, and hemorrhages were seen in the liver. There were also vegetative forms of Aspergillus on the lung’s parenchyma and air sacs. No bacterial growth was observed. Pet birds are usually restricted to a cage by minimal contact with other birds; thus, diseases related to management are common among these birds. So keeping in suitable conditions with an appropriate, balanced diet is important for their health.

A post-mortem examination is an important part of evidence-based medicine to understand the deterioration of clinical signs or causes of death in euthanized or deceased individual animals or even populations.Post-mortem analysis is aimed at improving clinical treatment and therapy, confirming a suspected diagnosis, man-aging breeding strategies, and clarifying the forensic cases (e.g., neglect or animal abuse). In analogy to virtopsy in human medicine, diagnostic imaging modalities have been applied in post-mortem veterinary medicine, which we call vetvirtopsy.We hypothesize that vetvirtopsy can be used as a method to answer certain clinical/post-mortem questions to im-prove the diagnosis reliability. In some questions, vetvirtopsy actually can replace conventional necropsy. This overview study aims to compare vetvirtopsy with conventional necropsy for variable causes of death in animals and to define its possibilities and limitations.Deceased or euthanized pets and wild animals were collected. The imaging techniques, such as post-mortem digital radiography, post-mortem ultrasound, post-mortem computed tomography, and post-mortem magnetic resonance tomography combined with image-guided tissue sampling, were used to address the open questions about clinical symptoms or causes of their death.The case series in this project showed that diagnostic imaging techniques are feasible in answering distinct ante-mortem and post-mortem clinical and forensic questions. However, there is an interdisciplinary collaboration between diagnostic imaging and sampling under imaging guidance

Chondrosarcoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm in which the neoplastic cells produce chondroid and varying amounts of matrix. This tumor is the second most common primary skeletal tumor in animals. In our case, radio-logical and histopathological findings supported the final diagnosis of chondrosarcoma in a six-year-old male cat weighing 6.3 kg with a large and solitary mass in the right humerus. The shoulder joint had a limited range of motion. Radiographs were obtained from the raised growth. The mass was surgically excised for histopathological evaluation. Microscopically, the mass was composed of bundles and nests of neoplastic mesenchymal cells. Histo-pathologically, multiple-sized lacunae within a homogenous cartilage matrix were observed. There was marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. Neoplastic chondrocytes and oval cells with 1 to 3 nucleoli were seen. Based on the macroscopic, radiological, and cartilaginous differentiation of tumor cells and matrix, the mass was diagnosed as well-differentiated chondrosarcoma

In February 2019, a severe respiratory distress with co-infection of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and Newcastle disease accompanied with Salmonella Enteritidis occurred in a broiler flock in the western region of Iran. Clinical signs included paralysis, torticollis, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, gasping and respiratory rale with high mortality. At necropsy, caseous diphtheritic membrane adherent to the larynx and trachea was observed. Microscopically, syncytial cells formation with dense eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were main histopathological findings in tracheal tissues. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for ICP4 gene amplification as a definitive diagnosis was utilized for the detection of ILT virus nucleic acid in suspected tracheal samples inoculated on to the chorioallantioc membrane of 11-day-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken eggs. Tracheal tissues taken from these SPF birds were positive by nested ILT PCR. In conclusion, because of no vaccination policy against ILT in broilers, the most probable scenario is that virus-laden dust or other fomites can be vectors and virus persistence and disease outbreak can be a sequel of wild virus introduction to the farm.

Myxoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor of skin and soft connective tissues considered to be of fibroblastic origin. A female bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) with a raised mass on the left side of the body was referred to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.The mass had become evident and grew more extensive within the previous 11-month period. The dragon was anesthetized with 5.00% isoflurane, and the mass was removed surgically. Tissue samples of the mass were fixed in 10.00% neutral buffered formalin, sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin  (H&E), Alcian blue (pH: 2.50), and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining techniques. The patient was administered meloxicam, lincomycin, and marbofloxacin. Histopathologically, the capsulated mass was composed of myxoid structure. Stellate-to-reticular cells distributed in a mucinous stroma containing few tiny blood vessels were seen. Myxoid cells displayed a PAS-positive cytoplasm. The myxomatous matrix was alcianophilic at the pH of 2.50. To our knowledge, this is the first report of surgery, treatment, and histopathological study of myxoma in a bearded dragon (P. vitticeps). The sutures were also removed 12 days after the operation. No new growth of the mass was observed three months following the surgical procedures.

Coenurosis and Listerial encephalitis are two diseases of the central nervous system in sheep. In September 2018, one 18-month-old male sheep was referred to the Tehran University Veterinary Hospital with complaints of dullness, depression and anorexia. In observation and clinical examination, within 1 hour, the signs of dullness, depression, 39 C° temperature, unilateral blindness on the left, clonic seizure, head deviation to the left, stiffness of the limbs, circling in a circular path and head tilt were recorded. After clinical examination, the patient's sheep underwent hematological laboratory tests and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and were then dissected in sterile conditions. Neutrophilic-eosinophilic pleocytosis was present in the cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid and in autopsy, a cyst containing protoscolex was observed in the affected brain that the scolexes inside it, were examined by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), which confirmed the presence of Coenuosis cerebralis. The brain sample was then subjected to bacterial culture (with cold enrichment) and histopathological examination. The presence of Listeria monocytogenes bacteria was identified during biochemical and PCR investigations. In histopathological study of brain tissue, meningoencephalitis and mononuclear cell infiltration around the cyst were observed. After bacterial isolation, the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was determined Which was most sensitive to penicillin antibiotic. In the survey of relevant herd status, the consumption of low quality silage with an acidity of 5.8 and the presence of 15 free dogs in the pasture were recorded.

Budgerigar is a common name for a colorful Australian native bird belonging to the Melopsittacus undulatus species. It is a very familiar pet around the world and its breeding has been grown in Iran. This study was conducted on a 2-year-old budgerigar with a nodular mass on the left wing. Physical examination revealed a firm, round and well-circumscribed mass approximately 1.70 cm in diameter. Radiographs showed a soft tissue mass with no involvement of bony structures. Fine needle aspiration was performed and the sample was cultured. In cultural examination, Klebsiella spp. were isolated in pure culture. Genus and species of the bacteria were confirmed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The mass was surgically excised and it was mainly composed of numerous, large lipid-laden macrophages containing abundant vacuolated cytoplasm, extracellular acicular cholesterol clefts and large number of multinucleated giant cells (especially multinucleated Touton giant cells) in the dermis. Finally, a diagnosis of cutaneous xanthogranuloma was made based on histopathological findings.

Melanomas are malignant neoplasms originating from melanocytes. They reported in birds.  In this  case, macroscopic and microscopic (the histopathologic and IHC) findings supported a final diagnosis  of cutaneous malignant melanoma in a mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos). A female mallard duck  (Anas platyrhynchos) was observed with a mass on the ventral portion of the neck. The bird was anes- thetized with Diazepam/Ketamine. A skin incision was made on the ventral surface of the mass and blunt dissection was performed to separate the mass. The incision was sutured by a simple interrupted suture pattern. Mass was surgically excised for histopathological evaluation. Histologically, the mass was composed of nests and sheets of anaplastic, epithelioid, multinucleated and polygonal cells con- taining variable amounts of brown to black granules of melanin. The neoplasm showed immunoreactiv- ity for S-100 and Melan-A in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells. Based on the histopathological and IHC findings, this is the first report of malignant melanoma in a mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos).

The red mite of poultry, Dremanyssus gallinae, is the most important hematophagous ectoparasite of poultry. In this study, pathologic changes of its biting on the poultry skin have been investigated. Thirty-two (Control = 16 and Treatment = 16) four weeks old Ross broilers (308) were infested with the mite on skin of hock joins. Samples were collected after 1, 24, 72 hours and 10 days. The skin samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and histological sections were prepared using routine Hematoxylin & Eosin staining method. Results showed that in all cases, except within first hour of infestation, lymphocytic infiltration was always a constant pathologic feature. Necrosis of feather''s follicles was a prominent pathologic feature ensued due to vascular disturbances and resulted in loss of feather. Hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis and acanthosis were observed after 72 hours. These findings reveal that mite biting induces local epidermal hyperplasia.