فهرست مطالب sara zamani

HIV, HBV, and HCV are known as the most common blood-borne viral infections worldwide. Individuals referring to drop-in centers (DICs) are considered as high-risk people exposed to infection with theses blood-borne viruses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV infections among women referred to DICs in the western province of Lorestan, Iran. During the present cross-sectional study, after obtaining informed consent and a questionnaire, two blood samples were collected from 118 women referred to Lorestan DICs to be evaluated for HIV, HBV, and HCV infections. Accordingly, the samples were first screened by using the most common serological methods, and then by Real Time-PCR to detect viral genomes. The results were analyzed using Chi-square statistical test and binary logistic regressions. Out of the studied 118 blood samples, 8 (6.8%), 4 (3.4%), and 10 (8.5%) subjects tested positive for HIV, HBV, and HCV infection, respectively. Furthermore, our study showed that 5 (4.2%) subjects were positive for HCV/HIV coinfection, and 3 (2.5%) cases for HBV/HCV coinfection. Moreover, our data revealed that incarceration and STDs were the most important risk factors for HIV (OR=15.27 (95% CI; 3.74 - 62.89); P value=0.01) and HBV (OR=16 (95% CI; 1.57 - 42.34); P value=0.018) infections, respectively. Our results suggest that women referring to DICs are at risk of infection with blood-borne viruses such as HIV, HBV, and HCV, due to risky behaviors. Thus, precise diagnostic testing and implementation of preventive methods against blood and sexually transmitted infections are urgent in these high-risk groups.

The collected information includes demographic profile, medical history, physical examination, patient risk factors, anthropometric evaluation, medications, echocardiographic results, and exercise testing of all patients who participated in the outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program in Cardiac Rehabilitation Department since 1996 until now. Each patient was assigned an electronic code by which the patient's information could be identified. Subsequently, standard questionnaires were used, such as International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess physical activity, MAC NEW to assess the quality of life, Spielberg to measure anxiety, Beck to assess depression, and nutritional questionnaires.

The findings were recorded, and the data were analyzed by the web and SPSS software. For all patients, the forms were filled based on a number of variables including backgrounds, registration components, type of referral, diagnosis of underlying heart disease, methods of data collection and entry, details of the educational program, return to work, psychiatric condition, drug regimen, clinical condition, echocardiography findings, functional capacity and exercise test response, smoking status, nutritional habits, and finally their 5-year follow-up for events and re-hospitalization.

It is necessary for the authors to establish a cardiac rehabilitation registration that can properly display care quality indicators and collect and report standard data from different nations to improve the quality of cardiac rehabilitation services and identify weaknesses.

Continuous epidural analgesia (CEA) is the most common local anesthesia technique used to control pain after Total knee arthroplasty (TKA). CEA has many side effects. Continuous paravertebral block is an effective method with fewer side effects in controlling TKA pain. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of this two methods on post-TKA pain.TKA patients were randomly divided into two groups (N = 19): A) CEB: Bupivacaine 0.25% was injected epiduraly by pump at 4 ml / hr during 24 hours after surgery. B) Continuous Lumbar Paravertebral Block (CLPB): all interventions were similar to group A, but by paravertebral catheter. Basic Mobility Scale (BMS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ( static and dynamic) four times (4, 8, 16 and 24 hours after surgery) were measured and recorded. Use of opioids and their complications were measured.Patients in the CLPB group experienced significantly less dynamic and static pain 4 and 8 hours after TKA than patients in the CEA group (p< 0.05). There was no side effects in patients in the CLPB group but,  patients in the CEA group experienced Nausea and Vomiting. No significant difference was observed for BMS and Muscular Strength in any of the follow-up stages between the two groups (P> 0.05).Continuous paravertebral block has equal efficacy in controlling pain in patients undergoing TKA surgery compared to continuous epidural block. Due to, lack of complications it can be considered as a suitable alternative in TKA patients.

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) is an invasive primary cutaneous malignancy and the second common cancer among whites.

To define the frequency and epidemiologic features of cSCC.

This study was carried out on 311 patients referred to the Department of Dermatology at Faghihi Hospital of Shiraz, Southwest Iran, between 2015 - 2016. cSCC was diagnosed by pathologists using the standard criteria. The reports were collected along with general information such as age, sex, location, type, and depth of invasion; then it was analyzed by using the statistical software known as SPSS version 23.0 and Minitab software version 18. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the statistical significance. A P value lower than 0.05 was considered as significant.

The age range of patients was 21 - 95 years old with an average age of 67.63. The sex ratio (male to female) was 2.87 for the total number of cases. The most common stage was well differentiation 97 (31.2%). The most frequent tumor thickness was between two to four millimeters and the most frequent lesion locations were the nose and then the scalp.

The frequency of cSCC increased over the years in regards to patients that were referred to the Faghihi Hospital. This results along with other data which are available from other hospitals and medical centers confirm that the frequency of cSCC is increasing in Iran and plan for management of cSCC is essential, nationally

Pediculosis capitis is one of the most common contagious diseases in overcrowded places, especially in schools. We aimed to determine the overall and seasonal prevalence of Pediculosis capitis (head lice infestation) among Iranian students. Study design: A repeated cross-sectional study.

The present study was conducted among all students, aged 6-18 yr, from urban areas of 31 provinces of Iran from 2014 to 2018. The student’s hair and scalp were examined by trained school health instructor. The prevalence (95% Confidence Interval) of pediculosis were estimated overall and stratified by gender. Linear and Poisson regression models were used for data analysis.

Results showed an upward trend of pediculosis from 1.7% to 3.42% during four years of study (P for trend=0.006). Overall, the prevalence of this infestation was significantly higher in girls than boys (P-value<0.05). The relative risk of head lice infestation in autumn was 2.42 times higher than spring (RR: 2.42, 95%CI: 1.35 to 4.32).

Pediculosis is still a health issue among Iranian students, especially in girls. This infestation had upward trend in recent years and was more common in southern Iran. Increasing the awareness of students regarding symptoms and complications of pediculosis and using accurate diagnosis methods can be effective in reducing the prevalence of pediculosis and its consequences.

The inherent flexibility exists in the administration of proof in arbitration has led parties and arbitrators to reaching an agreement on the best possible solution to this process, which has resulted in approaching various legal systems together in this regard. Concerning this subject, the parties of arbitration usually endeavor to apply the best practices in the field of rendering proof, and the arbitrators are tending to evaluate the evidence provided in a coherent manner, regardless of the nationality and origin of the parties. This function, although typically performed and written, has never been a requirement as a result of conflict with the description of flexibility. However, the enforcement of guidelines in a manner consistent with the institution of supplementary rules in the legal system of law seems to be the appropriate solution that will ultimately make arbitration more predictable and more favorable. This paper has considered the international efforts made to standardize administration of proof, which have not yet been mandatory. Thereafter, it has been explained that these guidelines, if agreed by the parties, kept silent, or being brief, and not explicitly, implicitly, or customarily objected to the guidelines in the contract, govern the administration of proof. This function seems to create a kind of coherence in the administration of proof, and is not in conflict with the description of flexibility.

Hakim Sanaei Ghaznavi is undoubtedly the undisputed masters of Persian poetry in the past. He is the first who seriously inserted theological and mystical discussion into Persian poetry. He has changed the content of not only ode but Masnavi and sonnet. It is not an exaggeration to date in the history of Persian poetry that a few poets like him had a change of style. Therefore, his works, especially, Hadighatol Haghighah, his sonnets and odes, have been followed in terms of both intellectual language acceptance and adherence by so many great poets of Persian literature, such as Nezami, Khaghani, Saadi, Attar and Molavi. Despite much research has been conducted on his works, there are some uncertainties about his life, historical events and works. There are some works which have been attributed to him but with serious doubts. For example, Masnavi Tariq al Tahghigh is one of those works attributed to be anonymous. The authors believe that the Masnavi does not belong to Sanaei. The results taken from the present study show that the Masnavi Tariq al Tahghigh by no means could it be anonymous. It should be noted however, that the authors have no comment on the author of the Masnavi and it needs independently work and research

one dimensional nanocrystals especially nano-rods have attracted a great deal of attention due to their unique properties and wide applications in industry. Chemical and physical methods which are currently used to produce zinc oxide nano- rods, often leave toxic chemicals on surface of nanoparticles limiting their applications for health and medical purposes. Therefore, biological synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles has been considered as an environmentally friendly process and a potential alternative to chemical and physical methods.
Nano-rods of zinc oxide were produced by Xanthomonas campestris using zinc nitrate hexa hydrate as substrate, in a shaker incubator at 37 ° C and pH 7. The powder produced was then calcined at 600 ° C for 2 hours after drying. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX and UV–vis spectroscopy.
FTIR analysis was used to identify functional groups involved in the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs. The peak observed at 563 cm-1 corresponds to the stretching vibrations of ZnO NPs. XRD analysis revealed that the hexagonal ZnO nanoparticles synthesized were pure and crystalline in nature. The morphology and size of the powder were investigated using SEM analysis and the results showed that ZnO nano-rods have a diameter ranging from 122–200 nm with an average length about 300 nm. EDX analysis was performed for determination of the elemental composition and purity of samples. The recorded EDX spectrum revealed the high purity of the synthesized ZnO nano-rods without detection of any impurities. The absorption peak at 376 nm indicating the presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles was further confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy.
Discussion and The current research work describes a low-cost, unreported, nontoxic, simple, safe and eco-friendly method for the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle using xanthomonas campestris as the reducing and capping agent.

According to the English literature, various lasers and light sources (i,g. argon ion lasers, pulsed KTP lasers, diode lasers and Nd:YAG lasers, pulsed dye laser(PDL), intense pulsed light sources (IPLS) are applicable for the treatment of different vascular lesions. These conditions are the most important indication for laser therapy. This review summarizes the current literature on IPL with regard to the treatment of vascular lesions.