sattarberdy fajoori

The present paper sheds light on the rationales of Imam al-Husayn's movement and why a great majority of the Kufans who had invited him left him unhelped and fought him. It also touches upon what were his main objectives. It shows that several political movements received their initial inspiration from that of Imam al-Husayn. In support of these views, several fragments from famous intellectuals are also quoted.

AbstractOne of these tribes is the Turkmen, whose relations with the central government have varied during history. One of the events that led to the conflict between the Turkmen and the central government is the historical event of Nardin. This event is one of the most important historical events of the Turkmen that took place in the late Qajar period during the rule of Ahmad Shah Qajar. This historic event took place while the deposed Muhammad Ali Shah, in his unsuccessful attempt to gain power with the help of tribes and nomads, especially the Turkmen, and his presence in Gomesh Tappeh, had failed. In such a situation that the central power was weakened and disorder broke out in the country, there was a famine and a hard winter in 1289. It caused the Turkmen to face problems that eventually led to the Nardin incident and the assassination and massacre of the Turkmen families, Goklan.This study intends to investigate the Nardin incident by using the method of historical research, which is based on description and research, and by asking reason for the assassination and massacre of Goklan leaders and the cause of this incident.The research findings also indicate that the occurrence of famine, hunger and mismanagement of the rulers of Nardin and Bojnourd has caused this crisis.