sedigheh arbabian

The Papaveraceae family is one of the most important alkaloid containing families. It contains isoquinoline alkaloids including aporphines, protopines, protoberberines and proaporphines. The genus Glaucium (Papaveraceae) comprises about 25 species of herbaceous plants in the world and Aporphinoids are the greatest number of isolated alkaloids from this genus. S-(+)-Glaucine (C21H25NO4) is the main alkaloid component of the Papaveraceae family, which are collected during the blooming period. This compound belongs to the group of aporphine alkaloids and is used in medicine as an antitussive agent. In the current research, we studied leaf Glaucine composition of nine Glaucium species from Iran. These species were harvested from the northern and western provinces of the country and their leaf ethanolic extracts were subjected to HPLC, for detection the types and amounts of their Glaucine compounds. The concentration of these Glaucine compounds differed between the species. The highest amount of Glaucine compounds were detected in G. corniculatum var corniculatum and G. corniculatum var flaviflorum, while G. flavum var flavum had the lowest one. The evaluated species divided into two distinct group in WARD tree. All of evaluated individual belonged to the same species of the genus, therefore our findings revealed that the Glaucine data were useful at species level for identification of the species.

Electromagnetic waves are one of the tensions around agricultural plants, which have recently been widely used due to the development of telecommunication technology. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during the years 2020-2021 at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modares University to investigate the effect of WiFi electromagnetic wave (WEW) on the seed germination and growth characteristics of camelina. Seeds were exposed to Wi-Fi electromagnetic radiation at 15 cm (ER 15) and 25 cm (ER 25) cm from the modem for 24 hours (Pre-sowing treatment). The results showed that the germination percentage of seeds treated with WEW decreased by 24%. and this decrease was observed among growth factors such as hypocotyl length (20-43%), number of siliques per plant (56%), thousand seed weight (43%).  Conversely, the root length, plant height, seed per silique and dry plant weight were increased by 24.6, 60.9, 10.5 and 56.3% under WEW treatment, respectively. Overall, this study showed that grain yield was greatly affected by electromagnetic waves and increased by about 23.45%. In general, among all the growth parameters, the correlation of the GY was positive and significant with DPW (r=0.735*), PH (r=0.669*) and SPS (r=0.659*). This result highlights the necessity for a better understanding of the mechanisms of electromagnetic waves in crops to help better seedling establishment.

Due to the increasing use of mobile devices in the world, there are many concerns about the possible effects of the waves emitted by them on the health of living organisms. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to investigate the possible biological effects of these waves. In this study, the effect of cell phone waves on germination of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) has been investigated. After placing the seeds in the petri dish, the mobile phone was placed on the surface of the petri dish and activated by calling another phone. The seeds were exposed to mobile phone waves 3 times a day for 15 minutes for 3 minutes. Another group of seeds were examined as controls without exposure to cell phone waves. The results showed that cell phone waves increased the germination percentage of seeds and increased the average length of roots and stems of chia seeds.

Recently, it has been shown that, piRNAs as a new class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), play crucial roles in germline development and carcinogenesis. Despite this, the study on the effects of piRNAs polymorphism (piR-SNP) on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is scarce. We evaluate the impact of rs11776042 in piRNA 015551 on CRC initiation and development in the Iranian population.

The association of novel polymorphisms rs11776042 in piRNA 015551 gene with CRC risk using a case-control study on the Iranian population was estimated. All subjects were evaluated by TETRA primer-Amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (TP-ARMS- PCR assay)

The genotypes frequency was 27%, 68% and 0.05% for C/C, C/T and T/T in controls and 31%, 65% and 0.04% in CRC patients respectively. The frequency of the C allele was 63% in patients versus 61% in controls and, T allele frequency was 37% in patients versus 39% in controls.

No significant difference was found in genotype and allele frequencies between the cases and controls for rs11776042 polymorphism in piRNA 015551 in our population.

The genus Rubus L. belongs to the genus Rosaceae. This genus includes more than 750 species in the world. Among some species of this genus such as R. dolichocarpus Juz. And R. ochthodes Juz. Morphological similarity is observed in traits such as the number of leaflets, the shape of the earrings and the color and shape of the petals, which makes it difficult to identify these two closely related species. The species R. dolichocarpus in the flora of Iran is declared synonymous with the species R. ochthodes, while these two species in the flora of Iranica, the flora of Russia and the flora of Iran are two separate species in one subgenus and two different segments. For this purpose, in this study, the taxonomic relationships of these two species based on morphological characteristics were investigated. The results indicate differences in morphological traits such as the shape and condition of the annual stem, the shape of lateral leaflets in the flowering stem, the shape of the leaflets. And the density of flowers in the inflorescence. Also, according to molecular data using the ITS nuclear marker, these two species have 36 different nucleotides, which confirms the separation of the two species. Therefore, according to the results obtained in this study and comparison with previous studies, it is suggested that two species of R. dolichocarpus and R. ochthodes. According to the flora of Iranica, the flora of Russia and the flora of Iran should be defined as two separate species.

This study investigates the possible effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs) on plant growth, expression of bZIP, DREB, and WRKY1, and biofortification efficacy in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The seedlings were treated with bulk iron oxide (bulk-Fe) or FeNPs at 100, 200, 300, and 400 mgL-1. FeNPs significantly improved the fresh and dry weights of shoot and root compared to the control. Likewise, different concentrations of bulk-Fe caused an increase in biomass accumulation in shoot and root. Moreover, Fe content was increased in response to the foliar application of FeNPs and bulk-Fe. The expression of bZIP, DREB, and WRKY1 in the FeNP-treated plants was markedly up-regulated compared to the control. The increase in Fe contents and biomass, as well as upregulation in bZIP, DREB, and WRKY1 genes, indicate that FeNPs could be a promising strategy to encounter iron deficiency in the human diet and to improve plant protection against biotic and abiotic stress conditions.

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for higher plants that plays an important role in regulating the nitrogen metabolism, cell multiplication, protein synthesis, photosynthesis and auxin synthesis in plants and also a constituent of metalloenzyme or a cofactor for several enzymes but at high concentrations is toxic for plants. The present study investigates the anatomical and morphological parameters like shoot and petiole length, total leaf area and leaf numbers response of Capsicum annum L. under different concentrations (0 (control), 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 mM) of zinc. Plants were grown in greenhouse under controlled conditions. Results indicated that increasing zinc concentrations caused significant decrease in stem and petiole length, leaf area and number of leaves (morphological parameters) compared to control plants (P ≤0.05). Also in anatomical studies we noticed several changes in cross section of leaf, stem and root. Certainly, zinc at high levels showed a negative effect on the overall growth of bell pepper plants.

Water is the most abundant component of plant cells and as a diamagnetic molecule can be affected by magnetic field. The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of magneticallytreated water on speed of vegetative growth and stages of reproductive organs development and Ultrastructure of Pollen grain of lentil (Lens culinaris L.). For this aim lentil seeds were cultured in green house and were irrigated either with tap water (control group), or magnetically-treated water (tap water which was passed through a magnetic field of 110 mT). Growth and development of male and female generative organs were studied via cytological and histological routine methods and the ultrastructure of pollen grains was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed irrigation with magnetically-treated water increased the speed of lentil flowering. In developmental stages of anther and gynoecium showed no difference between control and treated plants. The apparent shape of the megaspor mother cell and egg cell, was the same in both groups. Lentil pollen grain is tricolpate with reticulate architecture. The decorations of pollen grains were thicker and wider in the plants irrigated with magnetically-treated water, compared to the control plants. Number of pollen grain had no difference between groups. Totally irrigation with magnetically-treated water increases the speed of flowering and thus reduces the growth period is in lentil. Therefore, irrigated with magneticallytreated water can be a big help to reduce the water used to irrigate the crops.

Cannabis sativa L., belongs to the cannabinaceae family. It is important in dicotyledonous plants, because of potential products, pharmaceutical and industrial products in some countries is economically very valuable. Also, this plant has a global spread and has endemic species in many parts of Iran. The vegetative and generative organs were cut and fixed in glycerin and ethanol. The young Root and shoot apical meristem were sampled at different developmental stages. Samples were fixed in FAA and sliced using a microtome. Staining was carried out with Eosin and Haematoxylin. The primary and secondary structures of root, shoot and structure of petiole, leaf, inflorescence, axil, Root and shoot apical meristem showed similarity to dicotyledons, also about male and female flowers of Cannabis sativa L., the sameness of the other angiosperm flowers. Based on the anatomical findings, we observed a characteristics similarity between this plant and other angiosperms.

Astragalus fridae of family Fabaceae has farmaceutical properties، Food and dustarial value. This plant is native to the province Semnan. Aftar village located in the North West of Semnan. Its main habitat is Aftr village located northwest of Semnan. This plant is endangered of extinction. The purposes of this project included: The study of anatomical structures of aerial organs، soluble Carbohydrate content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes of plant leaves in two different times (Spring and Summer 1392). In order to survey of effect of temperature on total protein content and the activity of antioxidan enzymes (catalase، peroxidase، ascorbat peroxidase and superoxid dismutase) and soluble carbohydrate، leaves were collected in May and August. Results indicated that protein level and Soluble carbohydrate in may were less than in August، but different between means weren’t meaningful. The activity of enzymes increased in August. Results indicated that with increasing the temprature، the activity of them increased. Histological studies were stablished by using double stained of methyl green - Alumal Carmen. Petiole and leaf anatomical studies indicated that area of schloranshim in tissue samples of August were more than May which showed the plant adaptation to high temperature stress.

In this research, the effects of electromagnetic fields of various strengths (0, 1 and 2mT) have been investigated on antioxidant enzymes activity in Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.). The dry and wet (soaked for 30 min) Valerian seeds were exposed to electromagnetic fields 30 min per day for 3 days. Each treatment and control groups had 3 replicates and 10 seeds were employed for each replicate. Results showed that electromagnetic field treatment increased significantly root length, fresh and dry weight, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase and lipoxygenase activity compared to control for most treatment groups especially in the groups of dry treated seeds. These results showed that electromagnetic fields probably enhanced oxidative stress and treated Valerian seeds probably increased antioxidant enzymes activity to inhibit overproduction of free radicals against electromagnetic fields tension.

Fluoride is a toxic solution for the nature and enters environment from different sources. Aluminum industry is the most important source of fluoride which empties to the nature as sodium fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, gas components of fluoride and fluoride particles causing damaging effects on plants, animals and the humans. In this research, toxic effect of sodium fluoride as a nature pollutant has been examined on bean Phaseolus vulgaris. At first, bean seeds were exposed to different concentrations of sodium fluoride (0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/100 cc water) while three other treatments put aside because of high toxicity of the solution and anti-germinative effects in these concentrations. In the second stage, we applied new solutions with concentrations of 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 mg/l sodium fluoride for germination and tilling the seeds, and just watered the controls. In vegetative phase, damaging effects of NaF during daily irrigation were observed as necrosis, chlorosis and wounds on leaf blade, early senescence and plants fading. Increase in root and shoot length and decrease in generation rate and root ramification also could be attributed to NaF. Delay in transition of shoot apex from vegetation phase to generation phase was another observed effect of fluoride treatment.

It has been shown that the extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia can inhibit inflammation and pain induced by formalin in mice and rats. The aim of the present study is to reach evaluations of possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of Elaeagnus angustifolia extract in reducing pain and inflammation through examining the extract ability for inhibition of cyclooxygenase (Cox) type 1 and 2 enzymes and corticosterone release from adrenal glands in mice. Male Swiss Webster mice were evaluated through the injection of 2 μliters to the plantar part of right foot. Elaeagnus angustifolia extract was injected to the animals 30 minutes before formalin. In order to evaluate the mechanism of extract, naloxone and memantine were administered intrapretonealy 30 minutes before the extract administration. In separate groups, after injection of extract, blood samples were taken from animals and corticosterone concentrations were measured. In an in vitro study the effect of extract on the activity of cyclooxygenase type 1 and 2 was assessed. the research data showed the ineffectiveness of the extract on acute phase of pain induced by formalin but it completely inhibits the chronic phase. Naloxone and Memantine administration had no effect on the efficacy of extract in the chronic phase. Also the extract administration did not increase the plasma concentration of corticosterone in mice, but in vitro inhibited Cox1 and Cox 2 enzymes. These results indicate that Elaeagnus angustifolia extract probably reducesww pain and inflammation caused by formalin in mice by inhibiting cyclooxygenase type 1 and 2 enzymes.