seyed ahmad hosseini

Recharge of wastewater contains nitrogen compounds into surface water led to excessive alga growth and eutrophication in lakes and rivers. This study aimed to investigate nitrogen compound removal from aqueous solution by modified clinoptilolite and air stripping and optimize the process using experimental design and central composite design (CCD).

In this study, adsorbent (clinoptilolite) were modified ferric chloride. The experiment was designed using the CCD method and the effect of pH, adsorbent doses, contact time, ammonium initial concentration was surveyed by modified clinoptilolite. In addition, contact time, pH, and aeration rate were studied through air stripping.

According to obtained results, the maximum ammonium adsorption through modified clinoptilolite as obtained at pH, contact time, initial concentration, and adsorbent dose which removal efficiency was 84.16%. In addition, the optimum condition using air stripping was obtained at an aeration rate of 4 mL/min, time of 3.99 h, and initial concentration of 10.3 that removal efficiency was 96.4%.

according to the results obtained and the high efficiency of the processed studied in this work, modified clinoptilolite can be used as low cost and effective absorbent for nitrogen compound removal.

A febrile seizure is a convulsion in a child that's caused by a fever. Disruptions in the balance of serum electrolytes significantly contribute to the onset of these issues. This study aimed to investigate serum electrolyte abnormalities in hospitalized children experiencing fever and seizures.

In this cross-sectional study, a census was conducted to examine all children hospitalized with fever and convulsions at Taleghani Hospital in Gorgan during the years 2013 and 2014. Demographic information, seizure type, recurrence, and test results of patients were gathered using a checklist developed from the data available in the patients' inpatient records and the hospital's information system. Spearman and Mann-Whitney correlation tests were performed using software for statistical analysis.

The study's results indicated that the average age of the patients was 22.6 ± 13.9 months, with 117 of them (54.7%) being boys. Fever and convulsions were classified as simple in 163 patients (76.2%), while 28 patients (13.1%) experienced recurrent convulsions. The findings revealed an inverse and significant relationship between age and serum levels of potassium, calcium, and magnesium; however, no such relationship was found between age and sodium serum levels. Additionally, there was no correlation between gender, type of fever and seizures, or the recurrence of seizures with serum levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

It appears that measuring serum electrolytes in children with fever and convulsions should be conducted on a case-by-case basis, guided by a physician's assessment.

The achievement of sustainable rural development is dependent on the creation of rural entrepreneurship. This research aimed to explore the pattern of sustainable social entrepreneurship in animal husbandry using grounded theory. Participants in this study were selected from among the country's economics and management professors, entrepreneurs and managers of entrepreneurial companies, and government officials, with a sample size of 20 individuals. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Theoretical sampling was used for sampling purposes, a type of purposive sampling that helps the researcher create or discover theories or concepts that have a theoretical relationship with the evolving theory. In theoretical sampling, the sampling is deliberate (not probabilistic) and focuses on theory development. In the next step, a set of primary concepts (514) were collected through coding. From these, a set of themes (33 themes) were extracted. Then, in the axial coding stage, the links between these themes were categorized under the headings of causal conditions phenomenon-centered, action and interaction strategies‚context, intervening conditionsand social entrepreneurship consequences. These themes were determined in the form of a coding paradigm. In the next step, in the selective coding stage, each component of the coding paradigm was explained, the story was illustrated, and the theory was created.

Camelina is an oilseed plant that could produce proper yield in arid and semi-arid areas with low water consumption. To investigate camelina response (Sohail cv.) to application of different amounts of irrigation water, this study was conducted in 2022-23 in Khatam District, Yazd Province. Treatments included drip tape irrigating based on 100% (full irrigation as control), 75% and 50% of full irrigation. Results showed that the effect of irrigation treatments on biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, plant height and protein percentage of camelina was significant (p<0.05). However, by reducing the volume of irrigation water, biological yield decreased significantly, such that biological yield of 75% and 50% treatments decreased by, respectively, 18.3% and 46% compared to the control treatment. The highest grain yield (2373.3 kg ha-1) was obtained with the application of 2384 m3 ha-1 irrigation water (control). By reducing the amount of irrigation water by 75% and 50%, grain yield decreased by 31.4% and 40.0%, respectively. The harvest indices were 22.6%, 19.0% and 25.1% for 100%, 75%, and 50% treatments, respectively. The highest plant height was 90 cm for the control treatment. The water productivity ranged from 0.88 kg m-3 for 75% treatment to 1.04 kg m-3 for the full irrigation. The highest proline content was observed for the treatments of reducing the volume of irrigation water, in which the amount of proline increased by 1.4 times compared to the control treatment. The results showed that the amount of irrigation water required for camelina was lower compared to the common winter crops, especially in tape irrigation method. Therefore, this plant could be used as a low water-demanding for delayed planting in winter season.

Rivers are always faced with erosion and sediment transport. Sediment transport in rivers is one of the most complex topics in river engineering and is always the focus of experts and water engineers. This phenomenon is one of the important hydrodynamic processes that affect many hydraulic systems and water facilities and is considered one of the basic problems in the exploiting surface water resources globally. Estimating the sediment load of rivers is one of the important and practical issues in the studies and design of water engineering projects, such as the design and development of irrigation and drainage networks, water extraction from rivers, etc. Sediment concentration can be calculated by direct or indirect methods, which are usually expensive and time-consuming direct methods. Various factors affect this phenomenon, which makes their analysis difficult. Therefore, they cannot model the sedimentation phenomenon with acceptable accuracy. Hydraulic models cannot always be trusted due to the need for a lot of data, unavailability of the required data, and the inaccuracy of the data due to human error for simulating sediments. Nowadays, fuzzy and neural intelligent conductor systems, due to their ability to solve complex and nonlinear phenomena, have found many applications in various water engineering problems, including sedimentation. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and compare adaptive neural fuzzy models (ANFIS), support vector machine (SVM), gene expression programming (GEP), and group model of data handling (GMDH) in estimating the sediment load of Tirah River, Markazi Province.

In this research, first, the long-term daily statistics of temperature, rainfall, average flow rate, and sediment concentration of Hasan Abad hydrometric and sediment measuring station located on the main branch of the Tirah River were collected. Then, the data sufficiency test for analysis, checking the correlation between parameters of river discharge, precipitation, temperature with sediment discharge, and determining the long-term average of suspended sediment in the studied stations were performed. In the next step, a suitable combination of input variables was selected. The design of the input parameter pattern can be based on the relationship between flow and sediment flow parameters, rainfall, temperature, flow, and sediment flow. Of course, considering that the mentioned parameters have a historical course, therefore, the design of the input patterns of soft computing models should be done based on time delays (like what is discussed in the analysis and forecasting of time series). Determining the most appropriate time delay of the input parameters in the modeling of discharge, sediment, temperature, and rainfall, then the appropriate design of the structure of the used soft calculation models was done. In the next step, the estimation of sediment discharge using an SVM, GEP, and ANFIS group method of GMDH data control and comparison of three data mining methods, and also with the sediment rating curve and observational data. About 70 % of the research data was used as training and between 20 to 30 % for validation and testing.

Based on the statistical indicators of optimal model selection, the best performance of the SVR model has been obtained for model number one. In this model, the R2 and RMSE obtained from the model are 0.96 and 0.0047, respectively. Besides, the R2 and the RMSE error of the models in predicting suspended sediment values in the test stage are 0.95 and 0.014, respectively for the ANFIS model, and 0.50 and 4.97, respectively for the GEP model. The best performance of the ANFIS model has been obtained for model number one. In this model, the R2 and the RMSE obtained from the model are 0.95 and 0.014. The R2 and RMSE of the models in predicting suspended sediment values in the test stage are 0.96, 0.0047 for the SVR model, and 0.50, 4.97 for the GEP model, respectively. The best performance of the GEP model has been obtained for pattern number nine. In this model, the R2 and RMSE obtained from the model are 0.99 and 0.010, respectively. The R2 and the RMSE of the models in predicting the amount of suspended sediment in the test stage are respectively equal to 0.70, 0.015 for the ANFIS model and 0.78, 0.0185 tons respectively for the SVR model.

It can be seen that the performance of the GEP model was better compared to other models. SVR and ANFIS models are ranked second and third. In the next step, the best-selected pattern of ANFIS, SVM, and GEP models was used as the input of the GMDH model. First, input pattern one, which was selected as the best pattern for ANFIS and SVM models, was introduced as the input of the GMDH model. In the training and test, the values of R2 statistical indices are 0.94 and 0.99, respectively, the RMSE error value is 0.0079 and 0.0038, respectively, the MSE value is 0.000062 and 0.000015, respectively, and the MAPE values are respectively 0.007 and 0.003. In the next step, input pattern nine, which was selected as the best pattern for the GEP model, is introduced as GMDH input. In the training and test steps, the value of R2 is equal to 0.95 and 0.98 respectively, the RMSE error value is equal to 0.0077 and 0.0045 respectively, and the MSE value is equal to 0.0006 and 0.00002 respectively, and MAPE value is equal to 363 and 502. The results showed the acceptable performance of the GMDH model with the highest R2 equal to 0.99 and 0.98 and the lowest RMSE equal to 0.0038 and 0.0045, respectively.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important legumes. In order to investigate the efficacy of some post-emergence herbicides on the control of chickpea weeds in the south of kerman, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments (6 herbicides and 2 control) and four replications in the farm of Jiroft university research center in 2020. Treatments were using herbicides application post-emergence in 2-4-leafy stage of weeds, including bentazone (Basagran M®, 3 L ha-1), bensulfuron-methyl (Londax® 3 L ha-1), bentazone (3 L ha-1 Basagran M®) + hand weeding, penoxsulam (Rezlan®,1.5 L ha-1), oxadiazon + oxyfluorfen (Ronstar®+ Goal®, 1.5 + 2 L ha-1) and imazethapyr (Pursuit®, 1.5 L ha-1), weed-infested and weed-free controls. Fresh and dry weight of weeds, the density of weeds, the total density of chickpea, as well as the visual damage to weeds and chickpea in each treatment were measured. Results showed that there was a significant difference among the herbicide treatments. The highest yield of chickpeas (2690 kg/ha) was observed in hand weeding control treatment (weed-free), oxadiazon + oxyfluorfen (2660 kg/ha) and bensulfuron-methyl (2216 kg/ha) were in the next orders. The lowest chickpea yield was observed in the weed infested treatment (540 kg/ha). Application of oxadiazon + oxyfluorfen and bensulfuron-methyl as post-emergence were the most appropriate treatments to control weeds in winter pea fields in the south of Kerman.

Febrile seizure is a neuroinflammatory disease involving feverinduced seizures affecting children in the early stages of life. TNFα is a pro-inflammatory cytokine reported to be elevated in FS. Specific promoter variants of TNFα could be associated with its elevated cytokine expression and susceptibility to FS. The present study analyzed the association of specific TNFα variants, including TNFα-238 G/A (a genetic variant; G: Guanine, A: Adenine) (rs361525), TNFα -308 G/A (rs1800629), and TNFα -376 G/A (rs1800750) promoter polymorphisms, with FS susceptibility, and TNFα serum levels in an Iranian population

Sixty-eight FS patients and 136 controls were enrolled. The SSPPCR method was utilized to analyze TNFα promoter genotypes. This research also confirmed the genotyping results by sequencing samples of ten patients and normal controls.

The GG (a genetic sequence; G: Guanine) genotype of -238 SNP was associated with the increased risk of FS [OR = 12.65, 95% CI (2.83-56.60), P-value = 0.0012]. The AA (a genetic sequence; A: Adenine) genotype in the-308 region was increased in patients with FS and associated with the disease [OR = 4.62, 95% CI (1.46-14.56), P-value = 0.028]. The increased occurrence of heterozygous AG in the -376 SNP among control groups has been linked to a decreased risk of FS [OR = 0.22This study revealed that AGA (a genetic sequence; G: Guanine, A: Adenine) (-238/ -308/ -376) haplotype with the highest frequency in controls was associated with a decreased risk of FS, while GAA (a  genetic sequence; G: Guanine, A: Adenine) (-238/ -308/ -376) carriers were more susceptible to FS., 95% CI (0.11-0.43), P-value = 0.0001].

The current study suggested that TNFα gene promoter variants at rs361525, rs1800629, and rs1800750 could be associated with the susceptibility to FS and altered serum levels of TNFα.

 According to recent statistics, the rate of burns in Iran is higher than the world’s average. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the treatment protocols as much as possible.

 This study investigated the level of mineral intake (iron, zinc, selenium) and thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4) serum levels among burn patients.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on 24 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Taleghani Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the distribution of quantitative variables. Blood samples were taken on the first, third, and fifth days of hospitalization. Serum levels of zinc, selenium, iron, T3, T4, and TSH were measured. The correlation of qualitative variables was examined using the chi-square test, and the correlation of quantitative variables was examined using Spearman's correlation analysis. The t-test was used to compare the means in two different groups with the standard value. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) test was used to investigate the effect of time and compare the two groups. Statistical analysis of the data was performed in SPSS v. 22.

 The levels of iron, zinc, selenium, and thyroid hormones changed during the examined days, but these changes were not statistically significant. The amount of the analyzed elements in some cases was lower than their standard serum average, but this difference was significant only for selenium. Besides, there was no significant relationship between iron, zinc, T3, TSH, and the length of stay at the ICU; this relationship was positive and significant only for T4.

 Burn patients in the ICU have insufficient intake of minerals. Changes occur in the serum levels of micronutrients in these patients, affecting their physiological conditions and reducing the speed of recovery.

The life of human society is formed from an interwoven relationship of social interactions of human societies. The center of these exchanges is the human soul and his body and the productive meaning of man. The importance of this article is that the meaning, which has a metaphysical nature, must be created by a metaphysician, the supernatural world and how it relates to the world. The present article, which has collected its data based on library analysis and analyzed human beings within the framework of Islamic anthropology, has dealt with the relationship between the supernatural world and the meaning and manner of their presence in the world. The relationship of meaning, which is the central signifier of the connection between the abstract world and the world, has been explained with other concepts such as example, concept, and reality. Therefore, the meaning is created by the human soul in the supernatural world, and through his body, it descends from the supernatural world to the world of matter and is produced. What communication thinkers have discussed so far in the field of theories of meaning and its place is the exploration of meaning in two areas: one is the place of meaning in the message, and the other is the place of meaning in the mind. However, based on Islamic anthropology, it is possible to go a step further and considers a place for meaning, that main place of meaning is the supernatural world.

The present investigation has been done to study the behavioral effects of donepezil in autistic children, given that not much research has been carried out concerning using this drug for treating autism.

A cross-sectional and analytic-descriptive study was done on twentypatients with autism, aged 4-17, who visited the neurology clinic of Gorgan’s Taleghani Pediatric Hospital and Yasha Pediatric Autism Clinic, Iran from 2019 to 2020. Demographic information, including sex, age, father’s education, mother’s education ,patient’s education, family status, other problems, and ethnicity, were documented using a checklist, having been filled in during interviews with the parents. Before the trial, ABC cognitive and behavioral tests were taken to determine the children’s current status. After the tests, these children received a daily dose of donepezil (10mg) before sleep for three months. At the end of the three months, the cognitive and behavioral tests were taken from the children once again. In order to analyze the effects of different factors on the studied variables, including irritability, lethargy, stereotypic behavior, hyperactivity, and inappropriate speech before and after the administration of donepezil in patients, a generalized linear model and to test the effects of donepezil on the studied variables, paired t-test was used.

In this study, twenty patients were registered for the investigation, 12 (60%) male and eight (40%) female. Age groups 5-6 had the highest frequency, and age group 17 had the lowest. Regardingthe parents’ education, the highest frequency was for bachelor’s degrees, and the lowest was for less-than-high school education and master’s degree. The highest frequency for the patients’ education was kindergarten (60%), and then groups without education (20%) and elementary school-level education (15%). Most of the studied patients (80%) did not have other problems besides autism, and only 20% had other problems besides autism. The family status of 15% of the families was ‘separated,’ and ethnically, most patients (80%) were Fars, while the rest (20%) were Turkmen. None of the analyzed factors (age, sex, father’s education, mother’s education, patient’s education, other problems, family status, and ethnicity) had a significant effect on the studied variables after the administration of donepezil. Among the studied variables prior to the administration of donepezil and among the analyzed factors, the father’s education, the patient’s education, other problems, and family status had only a significant effect on stereotypic behavior. The present research findings of the present research indicated that all the studied variables, including irritability, lethargy, stereotypic behavior, hyperactivity, and inappropriate speech, were significantly decreased toward the desired goal. The decreased amounts in irritability, lethargy, stereotypic behavior, hyperactivity, and inappropriate speech after the administration of donepezil were, respectively, 38%, 44%, 54%, 41%, and 54% and on average, these behaviors were reduced by 46%.

The present investigation has shown that all the studied variables, including irritability, lethargy, stereotypic behavior, hyperactivity, and inappropriate speech, were significantly decreased towards the desired goal by 46%. This significant decrease is indicative of the effectiveness of the treatment of autism patients with donepezil, and therefore, this drug can be placed as a prominent and essential part of the medical therapy of autism.

Schizophrenia, as one of the most severe psychiatric diseases, has a chronic and debilitating process. The majority of patients with schizophrenia do not respond adequately to treatment with common antipsychotic drugs. Therapeutic problems induced by drug side effects as well as undesired results are major challenging issues regarding this disease. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of memantine supplementation on the improvement of cognitive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

The present clinical trial was performed on 50 patients with acute schizophrenia who were admitted to Kargarnejad Psychiatric Hospital in Kashan in 2022 and who were diagnosed as schizophrenia cases at least three months ago. Patients were randomly divided into either the intervention group (n = 25) or the placebo group (n = 25). The intervention group received 5 mg of memantine per day for three months. The dose of memantine in this group was increased to the maximum of 20 mg per day. The placebo group received 1 mg of folic acid per day for three months. Moreover, an identical routine schizophrenia therapeutic regimen was administered to all patients. The effectiveness of memantine was evaluated using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), which assessed cognitive ability in older adults over a 12-week follow-up period.

The WAIS-III score in the 12th week of the study was significantly different between the placebo and intervention groups (P = 0.004), such that the score of the memantine group was higher than that of the placebo group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of drug side effects.

Memantine can be supplemented in the treatment of schizophrenia so as to improve the cognitive symptoms of this disorder. However, subsequent studies involving larger sample sizes and different doses seem to be necessary to provide more accurate results in this respect.

Sediment dams are built with multi-purpose goals including flood control, erosion, sedimentation and aquifer feeding. These dams, with the aim of controlling the sediment from transferring part of it to the reservoirs of the dams in the downstream, and by causing a delay in the surface runoff, they control a part of the flood and feed the aquifer of the area. Improper design or lack of optimal implementation of these structures causes the reduction of useful life and sometimes premature destruction of these structures. Evaluating the function and technical performance of such plans with the aim of improving and managing the system is of special importance. For this reason, in this article, a number of sediment dams implemented in Abdanan City of Ilam Province were investigated and evaluated. This research was conducted in the form of hydraulic simulation and comparison of the current situation with the conditions before the implementation of the project, in a section of the waterway about seven kilometers long. It should be mentioned that six stone and mortar dams have been built during the last decade. The results of the hydraulic simulation of the flooding of waterways and constructed structures showed that, based on the discharge with a return period of 100 years, the average overflow width of the construction dams is about 25% larger than the required value and the length of the stilling basin is about 40% less than the required value. In general, in all construction dams, the length of the stilling pond is not chosen correctly, so that the short length of the stilling pond has caused the hydraulic jump to leave the pond or to form at its end. Due to the high flow speed in the area of the hydraulic jump, erosion and destruction in the end zone of the calm pond has intensified, which has been extended to the upstream side and the main structure of the sediment dam. Based on the hydraulic simulation of the flood and the relative comparison of the results in the conditions before and after the construction of the dams, it was found that the constructed dams have a positive effect on the parameters of flow speed, flow strength and flow shear stress, which are all factors that aggravate erosion in the waterway. So that for discharge with a return period of 25 years, the speed, power and shear stress parameters of the flow have decreased by 23, 29 and 27%, respectively, during the research period. Therefore, the average reduction of these parameters locally and at the construction site of the six dams was estimated as 73, 85 and 82%, respectively. In general, according to the field visits and investigations, the implementation of the plan has been effective in controlling floods and sediments, and in case of annual protection and repair, its effects will be doubled.

Mechanical properties of most soils alter upon the increase of moisture and saturation. In some soils, certain phenomena appear due to increased moisture. Some of these phenomena lead to major damage in development projects. These soils are called Sensitive soils to water”. The most significant types of these soils are swelled soils, dispersive soils, and collapsible soils. Dispersive soils refer to clay soils that are easily washed up in waters with a low concentration of salt. Dispersion is a progressive phenomenon that starts from one point and is gradually extended. The start point of the dispersive phenomenon may refer to cracks resulting from shrinkage, soil deposition, or cracks made due to the roots of plants. This phenomenon is of great importance in such plans as soil dams and water supply channels where there is a water concentration inside the soil too. One of the essential reasons for soil erosion and sediment production in irrigation and drainage networks is the instability of canal soil, so it is necessary to use erosion control methods in parts of the canal route, especially at the intersection with other structures. To this end, the solution investigated and tested in this article is the use of biological mulches to reduce the erosion of the side slopes of earthen channels.

This research has been conducted on soil with a Loam sandy texture of irrigation and drainage channels network of the Arayez Plain of Khuzestan that lies on the west side of the Karkheh River. Using a simulated system, two-nozzle rainfall of the K18 feature was performed. To determine the effect of mulches on parameters of side wall erosive resistance of the soil structure, after the soil of the region passes through a sieve of 4.76 mm was put in the basin designed for 1 x 0.33 x 0.1 m for about 25 kg. After filtration, leveling, and pressing the soil to the edge of the Flume basin proportionate to the physical special weight of the soil, the stabilizing materials, and different bio mulches were sprayed in their different concentrations. Then, the basins inside the Flume with a side slope of 80% were put into a depth of 10 cm. In this research, with the objectives of determining the type and most appropriate level of biological mulches and their effect on the soil erosion resistance parameters of the lateral wall of the drainage channels of the Araiz plain of Khuzestan, the necessary experiments were conducted in the rain simulator laboratory of the Soil Conservation and Watershed Research Institute. So that using four types of water-based biological mulch, which were named with numbers 1 to 4 and at three levels of minimum (C1), medium (C2), and maximum (C3), experiments were conducted on the soil sample of the researched area. Each of the experimental treatments on a flume with a side slope of 1 to 1.25, similar to the side slope of canals in nature, was repeated and simulated three times in two rainfall intensities of 30 and 80 mm h-1. In each experiment, primary and secondary soil moisture, runoff volume, sediment weight, the intensity of water penetration in the treatments, and the shear strength of the treatments were measured. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design in the form of split plots and the data were analyzed using SAS software and the averages were compared using the Student–Newman–Keuls (SNK) multi-domain test. Finally, by using mathematical models with optimization and minimization of sediment amounts and economic costs, the most suitable treatment for stabilizing the lateral walls of drains was determined. SPSS software was used for the statistical analysis of data and ANOVA and the Duncan test were used for the statistical comparison of data. Considering the tables obtained from data variance analysis and considering the statistic F and significance level, it can be said that all treatments are different in a significance level of 5% concerning the extent of sediment and there is a significant difference in the sediment amount.

The tests conducted on the soil of drainage channels of Arayez plain with a loamy – sand texture indicated that the presence of mulch coverage results in reduced sediment arising from rainfall in the manner that by the increase of density in any of the mulches, sedimentation reduces accordingly. The results obtained from the statistical analysis of this research confirmed that there is a significant difference in a level of 5% between sediment amounts of test control and mulch treatments for the sample of the soil under study. Therefore, bio mulches have an effective role in erosion control and the decrease of sediment from the walls of soil channels. The results indicated that only two types of biological mulches used in this study had a positive effect on shear resistance. General Linear Model (GLM) results showed that the interaction of two parameters of rainfall intensity with the type of treatment on shear strength is significant, so the interaction of rainfall intensity parameters with the level of materials used was not significant at the 5% level. In addition, the interaction of the type of treatment with the level of the materials used was also significant. According to the results of the analysis of variance in investigating the role of rainfall intensity on biological mulch treatments, it was found that rainfall intensity affected shear strength.

According to the above photos, all mulches compared to the control treatment have had a remarkable effect on the decrease of sediment. Moreover, it was found that the increase in the density of mulches used in all densities has had a remarkable effect on the decrease of outlet sediment. Furthermore, it was realized that the rainfall factor affects the increase of sediment. Thus, this effect in mulch 2 is the least effective in such a manner that upon increased rainfall in mulch 2m we see the minimum increase in the amount of sediment. The results after conducting system engineering and analyses related to the optimization of sediment amounts and economic costs indicated that mulch 2 at the C3 level has the best efficiency in increasing shear resistance. This conclusion could help the decision makers to allocate their soil conservation budget for the best performance activities.

Air pollution as one of the important problems of urbanization and industrial life has affected the health of society and the World Health Organization has introduced it as one of the effective factors in causing cancer. In this study, the effects of short-term exposure related to mortality and diseases associated with particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) in Shiraz during 1396-1397 have been investigated. This is cross-sectional applied research based on field studies and modeling of experimental conditions. In this study, the concentration of PM10 pollutants for the years 1396-1397 was measured hourly and daily using a Grimm Instrument from the four air pollution measuring stations of the Environment Organization (Kazerun Gate, airport, Setad, and science and technology park), and the relevant data were analyzed using AirQ + software. The results showed that the highest distribution of PM10 pollutants in Shiraz was in the range of 30-40 µg/m3and the highest mortality rate attributed to this pollutant was due to respiratory diseases (4.34 and 3.9% of cases) and hospitalization due to heart diseases (3.2% and 2.95% of cases) are in second place. Also, the total death rate attributed to PM10 pollutants in these years has been estimated at 278 and 249, respectively. Therefore, due to the significant health effects of this pollutant, it is necessary to plan and enact comprehensive measures to combat PM10 emissions and reduce and control its adverse effects in order to maintain the health of citizens.

Estimating the sediment load of rivers is one of the important and practical issues in the studies and design of water engineering projects, such as the design and development of irrigation and drainage networks, water extraction from rivers, etc. Sediment concentration can be calculated by direct or indirect methods, which are usually expensive and time-consuming direct methods. Various factors affect this phenomenon, which makes their analysis difficult. Statistical and regression models are the most common methods of analysis, which often provide erroneous results due to the linear solution of these phenomena. Therefore, they cannot model the sedimentation phenomenon with acceptable accuracy. Hydraulic models cannot always be trusted due to the need for a lot of data and sometimes the unavailability of the required data and the inaccuracy of the data due to human error for simulating sediments. Nowadays, intelligent fuzzy and neural conductor systems, due to their ability to solve complex and nonlinear phenomena, have found many applications in various water engineering problems, including sedimentation. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and compare adaptive neural fuzzy models (ANFIS), machine Support vector (SVM) and GEP gene expression programming in estimating the sediment load of selected rivers in Central Province. For this purpose, the performance of three types of support vector machine (SVM), adaptive neural system (ANFIS) and GEP gene expression programming in the simulation of sediment load of rivers was studied.

In this research, first, the long-term daily statistics of temperature, rainfall, average flow rate and sediment concentration of Hasan Abad hydrometric and sediment measuring station located on the main branch of the Tirah River were collected. Then, data sufficiency test for analysis, checking the correlation between parameters of river discharge, precipitation, temperature with sediment discharge, and determining the long-term average of suspended sediment in the studied stations were performed. In the next step, a suitable combination of input variables was selected. The design of input parameter pattern can be based on the relationship between flow and sediment flow parameters, rainfall, temperature, flow flow and sediment flow. Determining the most appropriate time delay of input parameters in flow and sediment modeling. Estimation of sediment discharge using support vector machine (Svm), gene expression programming (GEP) and fuzzy-adaptive neural system (Anfis), comparing three data mining methods with each other as well as with gauge curve and observational data. The appropriate design of the structure of soft calculation models is used, in this research the number of data required for training (usually more than 70 percent), research data as training and also determining the required data (usually between 20 and 30 percent) is used for validation and testing.

In this research, The best performance of the GEP model has been obtained for pattern number 13. In this model, the R2 explanatory coefficient and the RMSE error obtained from the model are 0.97 and 0.033, respectively. The coefficient of explanation R2 and the RMSE error of the models in predicting suspended sediment values in the test phase were obtained as 0.53, 3.18 for the ANFIS model, and 0.70, 15.16 for the SVR model, respectively. Comparing the results of ANFIS and GEP models with the SVR model indicates the superiority of the GEP model in predicting the amount of suspended sediment according to Verdi model number 13. According to the obtained results, it can be seen that the performance of GEP model was better compared to other models. SVR and ANFIS models are ranked second and third. According to the obtained results, it can be said that the GEP model as a powerful and high-speed model can be used to model the suspended sediment in the Qomroud catchment area of Bagherabad station.

The results show the acceptable performance of the models compared to the gauge curve. Also, the results showed the superiority of the GEP model with the highest coefficient of determination R2 with a value of 0.99 and the lowest root mean square error RMSE in terms of tons per day with a value of 0.010. In this regard, the efficiency of the SVR model was somewhat better than the ANFIS model. The obtained results showed that all three investigated data mining methods provide far better results than the sediment gauge curve.

Oil-well drilling operations lead to the dissemination of heavy metals into the environment with numerous adverse effects on various components of the environment and living beings. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of raw bagasse and biochar adsorbents in removing heavy metals from drilling mud wastes of the Mishan Formation. For this purpose, the drilling mud waste of Mishan Formation was submitted to chemical digestion, followed by blending with raw bagasse and biochar adsorbents according to the experimental design. The percentage removal of barium, nickel, vanadium, and cadmium was calculated and statistical analysis, analysis of variance, and comparison of means were performed using the Duncan test at the 5% level. The results of analysis of variance of the parameters influencing the removal percentage showed that contact time had the greatest contribution to the removal efficiency of vanadium and cadmium. The amount and type of absorbent were also recognized as the most effective parameters in the removal of barium and nickel, respectively. Based on the results of contact time, the maximum percentage removal was observed at 60 min for nickel and cadmium, at 120 min for barium and vanadium. According to the maximum removal percentage of nickel, cadmium, vanadium and barium (98.37%, 96.53%, 96.93% and 87.98%, respectively), the use of crude bagasse and biochar adsorbents in the metal removal process Heavy can be used as an effective technique to reduce the risks of these pollutants and preserve the animal, plant and ... environment. In Khuzestan province, due to the existence of extensive sugarcane fields, large quantities of bagasse are produced annually, which are either burned or stored without use. On the other hand, the presence of oil tanks causes the production of drilling wastes and heavy metals in high volumes. It follows bio-animals and living organisms, so the removal of heavy metals from the drilling residues of oil wells using raw sugarcane bagasse can be considered as a management and environmentally friendly solution.

The inflammatory and metabolic responses to mushroom in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unknown. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Hot Air?dried White Button Mushroom (HAD?WBM) powder on glycemic status, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in T2DM patients.

This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. Eligible patients were adults aged 20–50 with Type 2 diabetes. Patients were  ssigned to each group using a randomized block design with block  andomization (n = 22, in each group). Randomization was performed by an assistant and group allocation was blinded for the investigator and participants. The intervention and control groups received 16 g/day HAD?WBM or cornstarch powder for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes of interest were fructosamine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and secondary outcomes were triglyceride, low?density lipoprotein (LDL), high?density lipoprotein, very?LDL, cholesterol, high?sensitivity C?reactive protein (hs?CRP),  nterleukin 6 (IL?6), and TAC.

After 8 weeks, a significant decrease was observed in fructosamine (?0.228 ± 0.36 vs. 0.03 ± 0.38; P = 0.02)  nd LDL (?13.05 ± 20.67 vs. 0.81 ± 21.79; P = 0.04) in the HAD?WBM group compared to the control group. No significant changes were observed in  asting insulin and FBS between the two groups. However, a significant within?group reduction (?28.00 ± 42.46; P = 0.006) was observed for FBS in the HAD?WBM group. In the HAD?WBM group, insulin resistance reduced significantly at the end of the study (From 4.92 to 3.81; P = 0.016), but it  as not significantly different between the two groups. There was no  ignificant difference in TAC, hs?CRP, and IL?6 between the two groups.

Considering the results of this study about the beneficial  ffects of HAD?WBM on the improvement of glycemic indices and LDL in T2DM patients, it is recommended that HAD?WBM could be used to control T2DM.

Using efficient mathematical methods can be effective in order to breed identification and genetic grouping. So, the aim of this study was to compare the morphological features of native camels of central desert of Iran with dairy camels of Pakistan using the principal component analysis method. For this purpose, 25 native camels of Iran and 62 dairy camels of Pakistan were used. Measurements of shoulder height, pin width, udder circumference and udder depth were considered. Principal component analysis (PCA) carried out using ggfortify package in R version 3.5.3. Also, scores of camel type were compared using the independent samples t-test in SPSS software (version 22). The results showed that Pakistan’s dairy camels was taller than native camels (p <0.05). Pin width, udder depth, and udder circumference in Pakistan’s camels were larger than native Iranian camels (p <0.05). The mean evaluation score of Iranian native camels was 57.12 ± 10.03 and in camels of Pakistani origin was 76.71 ± 12.31 (p <0.05). The results of PCA showed that native camels of the central desert of Iran and dairy camels of Pakistan are in two separate categories and have different morphologies. The results of the present study showed that it is possible to use mathematical methods including principal component analysis (PCA) in order to accurately distinguish Iranian native camels from dairy camels of Pakistan origin.

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease, with an estimated prevalence rate of 1 per 40,000 to 160,000 worldwide. Progressive alteration in motor and cognitive functions is the most common clinical presentation. Late infantile MLD is the most common form of the disease that presents with a progressive decrease in visual acuity, impaired swallowing, muscle rigidity, seizures, and developmental delays. We herein present a rare case of late infantile MLD in a four-and-half-year-old male patient presenting with gradually-onset paraplegia.

 The patient had normal growth and neurodevelopmental pattern until 15 months of age. Afterward, he had a gradually increasing abnormality in gate and finally became paralyzed since the age of three years. The patient was also suffering from dysphagia, bilateral ptosis, and bad temperament. Normal metabolic test, myopathies, and brain MRI findings led to the diagnosis of MLD with gradually-onset paraplegia.

Generally, early diagnosis of MLD may increase the chance of recovery from the disease. We suggest considering MLD in patients suffering from behavioral, visual, and motor regressions, especially those with normal metabolic tests.

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and male infertility is high in Iran.

The present research aimed to examine the association between serum vitamin D [25(OH)D], parameters of semen including semen volume, sperm count, motility and morphology, and reproductive hormones in infertile Iranian men.

This was a cross-sectional study on 119 infertile men conducted between September 2018 and May 2019. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on serum vitamin D levels: deficient (< 10 ng/mL), insufficient (10 ng/mL ≤ 25(OH)D ≤ 30 ng/mL), and sufficient (> 30 ng/mL). Body mass index and waist circumference were measured. 25(OH)D, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol levels, and semen parameters were assessed.

The semen volume, sperm counts, total and progressively motile sperm, normal sperm morphology, testosterone levels, and testosterone/estradiol ratio were substantially higher in the sufficient group compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). Also, in the sufficient group, serum LH (p < 0.001) and estradiol (p < 0.001, p = 0.01) were notably lower and serum sex hormone-binding globulin (p < 0.001) and the testosterone/LH ratio (p < 0.001) were considerably higher compared to the insufficient and deficient groups.

Our study showed a positive relationship between serum vitamin D levels, and seminal parameters and sex hormones in Iranian infertile males.

A healthy diet plays an important role in the prevention of gestational diabetes (GDM); the genetic background is also effective in the pathogenesis of GDM. Adiponectin is a hormone that has a wide range of effects on carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. This study was performed aimed to investigate the interaction effect of major dietary patterns and adiponectin gene polymorphism on biochemical factors in healthy pregnant women and those with gestational diabetes.

This case-control study was performed in 2018-2019 on pregnant women referring to the gynecological ward of hospitals/clinics in Jahrom city, Fars province. 387 healthy pregnant women and 306 pregnant women with GDM completed the food frequency questionnaire. The principal component analysis method was used to extract the major dietary patterns. In addition, blood biochemical factors were measured and genomic DNA was extracted. PCR-RFLP technique was used to identify rs266729 polymorphism of adiponectin gene. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22.0). Multifactorial analysis of variance was use to study the interaction of major dietary patterns and adiponectin gene polymorphisms with different biochemical factors. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

No significant relationship was observed between the frequency of rs266729 polymorphism and GDM (p> 0.05). The level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the quartiles of the "Fruits and Dairy Products" dietary pattern showed a significant difference in GDM women (p = 0.048). Fasting blood sugar and triglyceride levels in the quartiles of the "Fruits and Dairy Products" dietary pattern showed significant differences for different rs266729 polymorphism genotypes in the gestational diabetes group (p-interaction: 0.033 and 0.002, respectively).

in accordance with the adiponectin genotype in pregnant women, consumption of balanced amounts of fruits and dairy products has an effective role in preventing GDM.

Due to the complexity of hydraulic and sedimentary problems in rivers, it is not possible to solve the equations analytically, so numerical methods are used. In the present study, the HEC-RAS 5.0.3 model was used to simulate the sediment flow of the Khondab River. For this purpose, using the topographic map of the route, DEM and TIN of the River route with a scale of 1: 2000, in the HEC-GeoRAS extension package in ArcMap software, 200 sections along 5 km of the river were prepared. Relevant information was inserted to introduce the river geometry to the model. The flow rate was calculated with 25-, 50- and 100-year return periods and was used for river hydraulic simulation. Quasi-volatile flow conditions, boundary conditions and granulation of riverbed materials were introduced to the model. Using sediment transport estimation relationships, river sediment transport capacity was calculated. The results showed that the Mir-Peter and Müller relationship with 26% error is closer to the observed sediment values ​​than the other relationships. Moreover, the study of erosion and sedimentation status of the river using Hjulstrom and Shields criteria showed that a part of the sections of this river is in erosion status and another part is being sedimenting.

To investigate the resistance of wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) accessions collected from wheat fields of Kerman province to clodinafop-propargyl herbicide, whole-plant bioassay pot experiment was performed on 16 winter wild oat accessions (15 suspected and one sensitive accessions) in a research greenhouse in Jiroft, Kerman during 2019-2020. First, the screening test was performed with the recommended dose (1 L/ha) of clodinafop-propargyl (EC 8%) herbicide in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Then, in a dose-response experiment, wild oat accessions were sprayed at 2- to 4-leaf stage with 9 doses of clodinafop-propargyl including 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 times of recommended dose for resistant accessions and 0, 0.0625, 0.0125, 0.25, 5) 0, 1, 2 and 4 times of recommended dose for the susceptible accessions. Four weeks after spraying, fresh and dry weights and survival percentage of the plants were measured. According to the results, the resistance of 14 accessions to clodinafop-propargyl was confirmed according to the Adkins and Moss methods. The results of the dose-response test based on the fresh weight showed that F3 (14.3) and R4 (3.9) had the highest and lowest resistance index, respectively. Furthermore, based on the survival, M3 and M4 accessions with 14.1 and 2.4 resistance index showed the highest and lowest resistance level to the herbicide, respectively. Therefore, the first case of wild oat resistant to clodinafop-propargyl was recorded in Kerman province.

Accurate estimation of river suspended sediment load (SSL) has an important role in water resources, watershed management and related sciences. Due to the high fluctuations of SSL in different seasons of the year as well as its severely nonlinear and complexity nature, it is necessary to use appropriate methods that can simulate and estimate such phenomena.

In this study, data log transformation and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm were used for optimal training of neural network models. For this purpose, at first, by using unsupervised neural network (SOM), data of flow discharge and suspended sediment load of the studied hydrometric station (Statistical Period 1995-2016) were clustered. Then, by sampling the clusters, the data set needed to train and test the neural network models were prepared. After it, three scenarios were defined to evaluate the impact of applying logarithmic transformations and MOPSO optimization algorithm In the first scenario, the initial data (without logarithmic transformation) and the common base gradient algorithm in training neural network models (error propagation), in the second scenario, the error propagation algorithm and the logarithmic transforms, and in the third scenario, the logarithmic transforms and the MOPSO algorithm, was used to train neural network models.

Evaluation and comparison of the model validation results showed that applying a logarithmic transforms and MOPSO algorithm, by reducing RMSE error and bias percentage (PBIAS) from 49 ton/day and -21%, in the best model of the first scenario, to 30.3 ton/day and -6.3%, in the best model of scenario III, increased the efficiency of the models. Other results of the study are non-estimation of negative values for suspended sediment, which is one of the common errors in using neural network models in estimating suspended sediment.

The use of multiple objective functions makes it possible to sensitize the models to more accurately estimate the suspended sediment at low or high flows, thus improving the validation and skewness indices of the base data models.

Pistachio is one of the important horticultural crops, comprising 6.4% of the agricultural exports of Iran. In this study, the genetics of some early growth traits of 40 pistachio genotypes was evaluated under a greenhouse setting. The 40 genotypes were created by crossing eight male trees with five female individuals using the North Carolina I mating design. The experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications established in the greenhouse. Seedlings were assessed for stem height, number of leaves, roots, and shoot dry weight. The results revealed significant variation for the phenotypic traits assessed among the male parents. Male M6 had the lowest height among the genotypes. Males M4 and M2 had the highest and lowest number of leaves, respectively. The offspring of male M7 had maximum shoot and root dry weight. The offspring of females within males were significantly different. Regarding all studied traits of hybrids plants derived from (male M7×Fendoghi-48) had the highest height, leaf number and shoot dry weight. So M7 was the best male for mating and selection for good early seedling growth in pistachio because genotypes with a taller stem had better vegetative growth which can be used for producing rootstocks. For all studied traits, the amount of additive variance was greater than dominance variance, and shoot dry weight had the highest narrow-sense heritability (0.518) and the most expected relative genetic gain with 10% of selection intensity, indicating that the selection can be used to improve these early growth traits in pistachio.