seyed alireza afshani

Social health along with physical and mental health is one of the pillars of society's health. The issue of social health and its influential factors is one of the topics of attention among Iranian researchers in the last two decades. The aim of this research is to identify factors affecting social health in studies conducted in Iran. Current research can help researchers of different sciences, find research gaps, and discover new research fields in this subject.

The present study is a systematic review and all Persian articles related to the subject, during the period 2019 to 2024, with a systematic search among the available reliable databases, including Google Scholar, University Jihad Scientific Database (SID), Comprehensive portal of the humanities, Noor Specialized Magazines Database (Normagz), and Country Magazines Database (Magiran) using the keywords “Health” and “Social health” were retrieved. From 798 articles found, finally 71 articles were selected as the final researches related to the subject using Prisma checklist in terms of quality and according to the input criteria.

Based on the results of this research, the influential factors on social health can be classified into 8 main groups including individual, occupational, economic, cultural, environmental, physical-psychological, social and religious-political factors. Among the main factors, the most number of studies were related to the social factors and among the sub-factors, respectively, social support, social trust, social security and religiosity have had the most positive impact on social health.

The results of the study indicate that among the various scientific fields, the majority of researches were conducted by researchers in the fields of sociology and social sciences, and among the factors affecting social health, the least number of studies were related to the environmental factors. Therefore, it is suggested that the researchers of fields that have contributed less to the promotion of this aspect of health in scientific sources take an effective step in this field of study, and in practical field, policy makers and social health researchers put this program at the top of their activities, and in planning system, education and policy of the country, special attention should be paid to this issue.

One of the key factors determining the position of women within the family is the structure of power distribution, which also influences the role conflicts experienced by employed women. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between the structure of power distribution within the family and the work-family role conflict among employed women in the city of Yazd. The research method employed in this study is a survey. Data were collected through a questionnaire using cluster sampling from a sample of 323 employed women in Yazd. The validity of the instrument was confirmed through content validity, and Cronbach's alpha was used to assess reliability. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS statistical software. The results indicated a significant negative relationship between the structure of power distribution in the family and the level of work-family role conflict among employed women. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between the dimensions of power structure in the family—comprising power relations, methods of exercising power, and the scope and domain of power—and the dimensions of work-family role conflict, including work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict, each based on time, pressure, and behavior

Organ donation is heavily reliant on family decision-making, which represents a critical juncture in the donation process. Families faced with the option of organ donation must make this decision on behalf of their brain-dead loved one, while grappling with the emotional strain of an unexpected death and a limited timeframe. This high-stakes decision can have long-lasting impacts on family members, who must reconcile their choice, whether they feel satisfied with it or compelled to accept it, even if they later have doubts. This study employed a transcendental phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of organ donor families regarding the decision-making process and its aftermath. The goal was to gain a deeper, more nuanced understanding of this complex phenomenon and its associated challenges. Specifically, the study aimed to address the following research questions:How have donor families experienced the process of deciding about organ donation?How have donor families conceptualized the outcomes and consequences of organ donation؟By delving into the personal narratives and perspectives of organ donor families, this research sought to shed light on the multifaceted human experience at the heart of organ donation, informing efforts to better support families during this difficult time.

This qualitative study utilized a transcendental phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of organ donor families. Phenomenological research seeks to capture the essence of a particular experience by gathering detailed accounts from individuals who have directly encountered the phenomenon of interest. Using purposive and criterion-based sampling techniques, the study recruited 17 organ donor families to participate. This sampling approach ensured the inclusion of information-rich cases aligned with the research objectives. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. This interview format allowed for gathering comprehensive, first-hand accounts from participants about their experiences related to organ donation decision-making and its aftermath. The interview data were transcribed and converted into text, which was then systematically coded and interpreted using the analytical method proposed by Moustakas. This phenomenological approach enabled the researchers to identify the core themes and essential meanings underlying the participants' lived experiences.

The findings of this study revealed the complex and emotionally fraught experiences of organ donor families, which coalesced around 3 primary themes and 10 related sub-themes. Organ donor families found themselves in a decision-making purgatory, grappling with internal tensions, time pressure, and excruciating dilemma of reconciling reason and emotion in the face of their loved one's brain death and the subsequent request for organ donation. Some families also contended with a charismatic decision-maker, who wielded significant influence over the final choice. Participants described experiencing both stigmatization and positive reinforcement from their social circles regarding their organ donation decision. Some also felt a sense of intrinsic social exclusion as the gravity of their choice set them apart from others, who had not faced such a weighty decision. Despite the immense challenges, many donor families ultimately derived a profound sense of peace, fulfillment, and even joy from their decision to donate their loved one's organs. They expressed a belief that they had honored their loved one's wishes and made the right choice, even if the process had been agonizing.In conclusion, this study provided a nuanced, empathetic portrayal of the lived experiences of organ donor families. The findings underscored the profound personal and social complexities inherent in the organ donation decision-making process and offered valuable insights to inform supportive interventions and policy considerations. By amplifying the voices of these families, the research aimed to enhance understanding and ultimately improve outcomes for all those impacted by this challenging yet profoundly meaningful experience. The limited timeframe for organ donation not only created a sense of urgency, but also posed a significant challenge for donor families. These families had to make a crucial decision while simultaneously grappling with the profound loss of their loved one, which heightened their stress and emotional pressure. During the decision-making process, donor families faced the difficult task of reconciling the tension between logic and emotion. Logically, they recognized the value of donating organs to those in need, even if the decision was painful. Emotionally, however, their feelings and family relationships took precedence. This internal conflict could make the decision complex and burdensome, evoking a range of intense emotions, including fear, grief, anxiety, and a deep sense of responsibility. Adding to the complexity, the presence of a charismatic individual within the family could play a crucial role in the decision-making process. Such a person might be able to help harmonize and bring family members to a consensus. Donor families also reported receiving both positive and negative social feedback. Some experienced stigmatization or a sense of intrinsic social exclusion as relatives and acquaintances failed to understand or accept their decision to donate. In response, some participants chose to voluntarily distance themselves from those who could not empathize with their actions. Despite these challenges, the majority of participants ultimately expressed happiness and heartfelt satisfaction with the decision they had made to donate their loved one's organs. This suggested that, while the process was fraught with difficulty, the outcome could provide a profound sense of meaning and closure for donor families.

Research on human bahavoir and attitudes has always been the subject of debate throughout history. The social sciences undertake the study of the ever-changing nature of human behaviors and actions. Due to the human's creative agency alongside their rationality, attaining a comprehensive understanding in this domain is often met with skepticism. Moreover, the social sciences have inherent limitations and uncertainties, particularly concerning the researcher's role within the rsearch process. Consequently, many scholars have criticized prevailing methodologies, prompting the development of diverse research techniques within the social sciences. Among these, critical ethnography emerges as a particularly potent and innovative method. This article attempts to examine the ontological, epistemological, and methodological foundations of critical ethnography.

Methods and Data: 

 This study employs a documentary research methodology.

Critical ethnography, with its distinctive technique of participant observation, opens avenues for a broad spectrum of data collection methods, ranging from photography and mixed media to discourse analysis. This flexibility allows researchers to select methods that align with their preferences and project needs, fostering the potential for new and intresting insights.

The application of critical ethnography enables researchers in the social sciences to maneuver among dominant paradigms and leverage their capabilities through pragmatist insights, utilizing ethical emic approaches, thereby enhancing sociological understanding and insight, which, of course, is entirely critical in nature.

Today, in order to prevent customers from turning to other banks, bank managers should, more than ever, seek to understand the needs and desires of customers in order to be able to identify their needs and meet them. Take steps and establish long-term relations with them. Therefore, the current research was carried out with the aim of knowing the important components in retaining the top customers of Sina Bank and in the framework of the qualitative approach and the Grounded theory strategy. Also, data was collected through 31 semi-structured interviews in Tehran. The results were presented in four main categories (customer-oriented strategy, new ideas and services, comprehensive and effective customer-oriented communication and customer knowledge management) and the core category (customer relationship management). The findings of the research showed that customer relationship management integrates processes and all business activities around the customer in order to create and maintain long-term and profitable relationships with customers. Also, customer relationship management is considered as a necessity in Sina Bank, and the effective use and implementation of this technology can increase customer satisfaction, loyalty and attraction, and as a result, investment and improvement of the bank's performance.

Young people in Iranian society, like their global counterparts, are always heralds of change and transformation. A major part of their changes occur in their integration into society. This linking of them has been placed in the struggle of the dynamics of power and resistance. This research investigated this issue in the form of scientific research. By reviewing the existing studies and theories, a theoretical sensitivity was written and based on inclusion criteria, interviews were conducted from February 2021 to June 2022 with 20 young people from Astana (18-19 years old entering Yazd University). Using the systematic grounded theory method, the data were analyzed in the form of open, central, and selective coding. Various strategies such as long participation in the platform, rich description, approval of participants, and review of colleagues were used to validate the data. The main extracted categories include tolerant acceptance, family rejectionism, conservative exclusivity, hedonistic hedonism, materialism in dating, etc., and the core category of the research, multiple concerns in dating, was extracted from them. A paradigm model was drawn on the basis of these categories, and the research theory was also presented. The main result of the research is based on the fact that the field of friendship and bonding among Astana youth is a field full of complexity and pluralism, which is caused by two structural and agency forces, whose interaction creates plural heterogeneity for young people.

Over the past few decades, significant waves of Afghan migration have occurred, particularly to neighboring countries, such as Iran and Pakistan. This phenomenon has created substantial challenges, especially in Iran, where Afghans have resided for the last four decades. Among these challenges, adaptation and acculturation of Afghan immigrant adolescents - the second generation - to their host societies have been particularly noteworthy. Although many of these adolescents have been born in Iran, they remain actively engaged in the complex process of acculturation. Naturally, this second generation experiences a different cultural adaptation process compared to their predecessors. They face more pronounced value and cultural conflicts due to the dual influences of their parents' culture and the society in which they live. In light of this, our literature review focused on the relevant research and theories related to identity and adaptation. This theoretical sensitivity informed our research design and the development of our interview protocol. The protocol was structured to explore the methods and mechanisms of adolescent adaptation, their interactions with significant others, and their experiences within social structures. Our inquiry aimed to investigate various aspects of these adolescents' experiences, including:Advantages and disadvantages of living in Iran Their sense of belonging and concept of homeland The meaning they attribute to 'homeland' Their cultural commonalities with Iranian society Through this approach, we sought to examine various adaptation patterns and adjust our interview protocol around these sensitive concepts. This methodology allowed us to delve deeply into the multifaceted acculturation process experienced by Afghan adolescents in Iran, providing insights into their unique challenges and experiences as second-generation immigrants.

This study employed a qualitative research design, utilizing the grounded theory approach with a systematic method. The data analysis process involved open, axial, and selective coding techniques.Participants: The study sample consisted of 21 Afghan adolescents, comprising 15 males and 6 females. Participants were selected based on diverse inclusion criteria to ensure a representative sample.Data Collection: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the Afghan adolescents. The interview protocol was designed to explore various aspects of their acculturation experiences.

Ethical Considerations: 

The research adhered to strict ethical guidelines. Informed consent was obtained from all participants and their guardians. Confidentiality and anonymity were maintained throughout the research process.These methodological approaches were employed to enhance the rigor and credibility (validity and reliability) of the study, providing a comprehensive exploration of the acculturation process among Afghan adolescents in Iran.

The study's findings were categorized into 15 main themes, including occupational challenges, fear of dehumanizing attitudes, destabilization due to structural discrimination, utopian expectations, and identity representation and persuasion. The core category that emerged was "identity paradoxes." Our analysis revealed that second-generation immigrant adolescents often became discouraged by the adaptation processes they faced within social structures, leading to the formation of a negative self-concept. The migration experience for this generation had significant consequences, with many adolescents encountering criminal labeling and rejection in social groups. Furthermore, these young people found themselves caught between familial expectations emphasizing their heritage identities and the pressures of assimilation, resulting in personality conflicts and anomic states. While living in Yazd provided relative security for these second-generation immigrants, they simultaneously grappled with identity paradoxes and limited access to various social domains. Afghan adolescents, having been born or lived in Iran for extended periods, had largely assimilated with Iranian culture. Their general inclination towards assimilation formed the primary current of their lives. However, this trend was met with resistance from two fronts:Afghan families, who feared their children's overidentification with Iranian culture Structural pressures from the host societyConsequently, Afghan adolescents faced resistance in almost all social environments within Iranian society, despite their assimilationist tendencies. This study highlighted the complex interplay between individual desires for integration, familial cultural preservation, and societal barriers to full acceptance. These findings underscored the need for targeted interventions and policies to address the unique challenges faced by second-generation Afghan immigrants in Iran, particularly in navigating their complex identity formation processes and overcoming structural barriers to integration.

Work and family are two main areas in every body's life that simultaneous involvement with dual roles of these two has some effect on the organization, the individual and his family. This research aims to examine social support of employed people among employed women in Yazd which is one of social factors related to work- family conflict. Research method was survey and data collected by a questionnaire and 323 employed woman selected by cluster sampling method. Data were analyzed by the statistical software’s, namely SPSS and AMOS. The Findings of this study indicate that social support of employed people had significant and negative relationship with work-family conflict. Also there is a significant and negative relationship between social support of family and social support of supervisor with work- family conflict. In contrast, no significant relationship was found between social support from colleagues and role conflict. Thus, social support from family and work is essential in order to reduce the pressure and stress of female employees.

The present research aimed to explore the platforms and processes of the formation of the phenomenon of domino dissemination of texts or message circulation in social media with an emphasis on the role of users. Grounded theory approach was used as the qualitative research method and the target population was the active experts on social media from scientific and academic centers. 17 of them were selected through theoretical and purposive sampling for the in-depth semi-structured interview. The obtained data were transcribed and then analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. Resulting in 28 main categories and 1 core category along with story line, paradigm model and theoretical micro-schema. The findings show that the "Domino action network" is built as a central phenomenon which follows a set of causal conditions including cultural and political actions, education-oriented action, norm-breaking action, collaborative action network, people's emotional participation and entertainment in the media along with a series of contextual and intervening conditions. This action network employs strategies such as network transparency, evasive solitary action, and media rethinking. Leading to consequences such as network reality demonstration, promotion of media literacy, and deterioration of the regimes of truth and bio-networking of users.

Child labor is a widespread phenomenon in many big cities of the world. But in the meantime, some small cities are also experiencing this phenomenon. The desert city of Meybod, with its Special history, in the heart of Iran, witnessing this phenomenon. With a population of 100,000 people, Meybod has a large number of immigrants and is experiencing rapid social, cultural and economic changes. The growth of immigration and the experience of rapid changes have occurred due to unbalanced industrial development in the last decade. The result of this situation is the expansion of the social consequences of this process, including the appearance of working children in this small town. For this reason, in this research, an attempt has been made to study working children at the intersection of unbalanced industrialization and the large body of immigrants. This research has tried to use methodological pluralism with a pragmatist paradigm by using of critical ethnography with the Carspecken approach. In the meantime, by using participatory and non-participatory observations, initial reconstruction was done in the data, and then dialogue-oriented data was collected with in-depth interviews. The main categories extracted from these interviews were presented in the form of categories including the solidarity of working children and the growth of industries, the spread of fake jobs, organized context, children's emotional labor, family exploitation, instrumentalization and traumatization, the cracked city, and the law in a coma. The results showed that working children are at the intersection of excessive immigration and unbalanced industrial development.

One of the fundamental components of social capital is the level of social or institutional trust. Institutional trust emerges when citizens perceive government institutions as accountable, efficient, benevolent, predictable, open, transparent, fair, and honest. It represents an abstract form of trust placed in institutions and organizations. The degree of trust individuals have in different institutions varies across societies and evolves over time. People anticipate that each organization will act in alignment with its foundational goals and nature. Consequently, if an organization fails to act according to its defined objectives, it will lose its efficacy. The effectiveness or ineffectiveness of an organization, as perceived by different individuals in the society, influences the legitimacy or illegitimacy of that organization in their eyes. This, in turn, shapes people's level of trust in these institutions. Examining workers' experiences with welfare and social security institutions, such as Labor Department, Cooperatives and Social Welfare, and Social Security Organization, can be of great significance in comprehending the acceptance, legitimacy, or illegitimacy of these institutions from the workers' perspective. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate workers' experiences when interacting with these institutions. In doing so, we sought to address the following questions: How do workers feel when they visit these institutions? To what extent do they perceive these institutions as facilitators? What has been their interaction with the staff of these supportive institutions? How do they evaluate the efficiency of these institutions? And are they inclined to revisit them to resolve their issues?

In this exploratory study, a constructivist grounded theory approach rooted in the interpretive-critical paradigm was employed. The researchers assumed multiple roles, including that of a worker, researcher, and employee of one of the supportive institutions in the field, to gather the necessary data. In the initial stage, one of the researchers immersed themselves in the role of a worker, adopting a covert and non-systematic observation approach within a natural setting to collect data. This involved actively participating in the worker's role and observing the environment.The second stage involved the researchers assuming their actual roles as researchers in workshops and supportive welfare institutions. Through interactions with workers, techniques, such as semi-structured interviews, were conducted and the researchers attended dispute resolution sessions between workers and employers at Tehran Province Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare Administration.The third stage involved one of the researchers assuming the position of an employee in a relevant supportive institution, specifically the Social Security Organization. By becoming a complete participant in the research field, the researcher aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the workers' level of trust in welfare and supportive institutions, as well as the nature of their interactions with these institutions. Similar to the first stage, information was collected through covert and non-systematic observation within a natural setting.Participant selection was done through a purposive and theoretical sampling approach. The sample consisted of unemployed Iranian workers living in Tehran, who were accessed through referrals to the Labor, Cooperatives, and Social Welfare Administration, as well as the Social Security Organization. The number of participants continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, adhering to the principles of qualitative sampling. Theoretical and analytical field notes provided a comprehensive understanding of the research context. These notes aided in uncovering covert policies, capturing insights that could not be extracted solely through worker interviews, and facilitated the comprehension of the underlying relationships between agents of supportive institutions and workers. The enrichment of categories, the strengthening of relationships between concepts and categories, and the inclusion of 37 workers with workshop experience ultimately led to theoretical saturation.

Institutional distrust is a form of distrust that exists at intermediate levels within the society. It pertains to the lack of trust in organizations, administrations, and various types of institutions in the society. These organizations and institutions serve as intermediaries between the broader governing system at the macro level and the interactions between individuals at the micro level. They are established as a result of macro-level policymaking and their existence is shaped and sustained through the actions of individuals at the micro level, while also being influenced by conflicts between actions and reactions. Our analysis of the interviewees' narratives led us to a different conclusion regarding institutional trust and the factors that enhanced or undermined it compared to the existing discussions. While Claus Offe argues that institutional trust is contingent upon the performance of organizational agents and actors, our analysis of the interviewees' narratives suggested that institutional distrust could be examined at two levels: agency and structure. This level of analysis aligned with Sztompka's analysis of institutional distrust.The difference in the findings of our study did not lie in the level of analysis, but rather in the specific factors influencing each level of analysis. It appeared that institutional distrust arose from the actions of implementers and institutional agents within the dominant institutions, as well as the structure of the institutions themselves. At the agency level, visitors' negative experiences with agents and institutional intermediaries, including encounters with administrative, financial, and moral corruption, lack of empathy from intermediaries,and bureaucratic obstacles that hindered the exercise of individual rights, along with nepotism and a management style reminiscent of tribalism, contributed to the prevalence of institutional distrust among the public.Since institutional distrust at the agency level often contradicts the underlying philosophy and goals of institutions and organizations, it tends to be more concrete and observable and has received more attention. Visitors are generally more aware of this level of institutional distrust. Moreover, institutional distrust at the agency level is more amenable to reform.However, a more abstract and intangible form of institutional distrust exists at the structural level. Each institution has its own social objectives and goals. Consequently, institutions have explicit and implicit policies that ensure their survival. If an organization's overt and covert policies, which define the scope of its actions and agency, conflict with the organization's fundamental goals that shape its philosophy and nature, the organization will fail to meet visitors' expectations, thereby eroding institutional trust. This level of institutional distrust does not stem from the actions of individual agents, but rather from structural factors. Unfortunately, in most cases, visitors are unaware of these institutional constraints and attribute their dissatisfaction to the staff and intermediaries of the organization. In reality, these intermediaries operate within the confines of the organizational structure, having limited authority, decision-making power, and agency.Therefore, it could be inferred that the erosion of institutional trust was not solely influenced by the performance of agents within welfare and supportive institutions, with whom workers directly interacted, but also stemmed from covert and hidden policies that influenced the organization's performance, often remaining concealed from visitors.

Unbalanced industrial development and the lack of coordination of cultural, economic, and social structures in attracting the development criteria will lead to rapid developments in some structures and backwardness of other structures of society. The result of such a process is what we see in industrial cities today. In fact, the focus on industries in industrial cities has led to a massive flood of immigrants and created a variety of patterns of life in these cities, which causes many social damage, one of which is the phenomenon of Dumpster diving. In fact, Dumpster divers are a group of people, who informally collect, sort, process, and sell urban waste, thus earning their living through the collection and recycling of waste and its sale. It is important to address the issue of Dumpster diving from different angles. Firstly, it is crucial to thoroughly examine the negative consequences of Dumpster diving on Dumpster divers themselves, the general public, and the city as a whole. Secondly, the deprivation of fundamental rights for Dumpster divers is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed. Thirdly, the nature of their work and the conditions, under which they operate, give rise to numerous problems and injuries, posing a threat not only to the individuals involved, but also to the overall health of the community. Meybod, a small yet fully industrialized city, has experienced a significant rise in Dumpster diving. Consequently, both immigrants and native residents of the city, who are responsible and law-abiding citizens, express deep concern regarding this matter. The prevalence of this issue is evident in small cities like Meybod, where a significant number of waste collectors, who are part of the Dumpster diving community, operate. This situation is largely a result of the imbalanced industrial development witnessed in the past decade. Over the course of the last three decades, Meybod has experienced an annual influx of over 1,000 immigrants, leading to rapid social and cultural transformations within the city. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the phenomenon of Dumpster diving within the context of unbalanced industrial development and mass migrations. 

This research employed a methodological pluralism approach within a pragmatist paradigm, utilizing critical ethnography with Carspecken's approach. The data collection process involved a combination of participatory and non-participatory observations. Initial data reconstruction was conducted followed by in-depth interviews that focused on dialogue-oriented data collection. A total of 20 individuals were purposefully selected for interviews using a snowball method. The selection process prioritized diversity in terms of gender, education level, age, and other relevant factors. The researchers employed observation techniques, as well as semi-structured and deep interviews, to collect data. The findings from these interviews were categorized into several themes, including Dumpster diving contexts, Dumpster diving economy, exploitative family profiteering, waste city, living with problems, Dumpster diving as a gateway to crime, and institutional promotion of Dumpster diving.

In recent decades, advancements in science and technology have significantly improved the quality of life for people worldwide, addressing numerous diseases and poverty-related issues. However, these advancements have also led to a widening global inequality. This inequality has far-reaching consequences, not only economically, but also politically and socially. It can give rise to various social issues within each country and region, such as large-scale migration. These migrations, in turn, result in significant damages, one of which is the practice of Dumpster diving. Dumpster diving can be attributed to several factors, including unemployment, insufficient income, job loss, lack of government and organizational support (including insurance coverage), addiction, and lack of family support. Individuals may also turn to Dumpster diving due to their reluctance to beg for assistance. Additionally, some individuals perceive Dumpster diving as a lucrative option. In conclusion, while science and technology have brought about positive changes, the widening inequality poses significant challenges. The consequences of this inequality, including Dumpster diving, have profound social implications. Addressing the root causes of Dumpster diving, such as unemployment and lack of support systems, is crucial to mitigate its negative effects and promote a more equitable society. The findings indicated that Dumpster diving was a growing phenomenon directly linked to visible economic and class disparities. While individuals facing adversity in their lives engaged in Dumpster diving, it was the vulnerable and marginalized groups, including women and children, who were most affected and derived minimal economic benefits from this practice. The primary beneficiaries of this industry were the local managers, who controlled its profits. Consequently, this situation further exacerbated the complexity of structural class inequality.

The purpose of this research is to present the desired institutionalized branding model of Saderat Bank using the grounded theory approach. The target population of the research is public relations and marketing experts, who were selected using purposeful and theoretical sampling in the number of 14 people. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview, and the data analysis was done in three stages of open, central and selective coding. The findings show that in order to improve the brand of Saderat Bank, platforms must be provided to increase its production. These platforms include 3 causal conditions (economic turmoil, strategic advertising planning, bank mission), 4 background conditions (interactive behavior of the bank, competitive advertising based on knowledge, justification of banking plans, professional ethics), 4 intervening conditions (disappointment of customer trust, pathology of advertising) 9 strategies (targeted advertising strategies, customer relationship management, quality of interactions and customer relationship, key factors in CRM implementation, strategic advertising leadership, audience-based advertising evaluation, social management of advertising, creation of opportunities new, advertisement renewal strategy) and 4 consequences (brand development, continuous improvement of performance, convergence of interests, alignment of interests). Based on this, institutionalized branding in the minds of customers shows itself through advertisements in different formats and by developing a suitable model.

Today, one of the most important issues of human life is to pay attention to the environment in which one lives. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social and cultural capital and environmental responsibility based on the concept of capital in Bourdieu's thought.

This research was carried out using a survey method with a statistical population of citizens aged 15 years and older in Yasouj city. Based on Cochran's formula and the variance calculated from the pre-test with 95% confidence, 323 people were selected as the sample size. The validity of the questionnaire was also measured by its formal type and reliability using Cronbach's alpha.

The research results showed a significant relationship between social capital and embodied cultural capital and environmental responsibility. There is no significant relationship between contextual variables (gender, education, employment status, and marital status) with environmental responsibility. Structural equation modeling showed that 44% of the variance of the environmental responsibility variable is explained by the variables of social capital (with more influence) and cultural capital.

Based on the findings of this research and Bourdieu's theory, the more social and cultural capital citizens have, the better their environmental responsibility. In the city of Yasouj, due to the commitment to ethnic and tribal relations and ties, having social capital in the form of social support in communication networks plays a very effective role in encouraging people to behave in an environmentally responsible manner. Therefore, in line with the theoretical and practical training of people in environmentally responsible behavior using citizens, it is suggested to issue licenses to NGOs in the field of environment with minimal government interference, holding workshops, conferences, and public gatherings, strengthening communication bridges between people and responsible organizations in the field of environment, especially through virtual space, strengthening communication and building trust between people and non-governmental organizations, including religious institutions, and educating families through schools.

With eleven strategic ports, Iran has acquired a large share of commercial, military and passenger shipping in the world; Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate measures for the safety of shipping in this country. This research seeks to empirically analyze the effect of public relations strategies on safe shipping communications. The research method in this study is qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative section, the interview tool was used, and in this regard, the experts were interviewed until theoretical saturation was reached, and data coding was done using Max QDA software, and the dimensions and components of the qualitative section are as described below. Seafarers' problems, responsibility to stakeholders, management of maritime accidents, crisis management of maritime accidents, protection of interests, demand for seafaring, maritime culture, reduction of seafarers' concerns, seafaring culture and improving the quality of seafarers' education were identified. In the quantitative part, the researcher made a questionnaire tool that was obtained from the qualitative part; After presenting the hypotheses, according to the results of the qualitative section, the research hypotheses were evaluated; And also through SPSS software, the obtained data were analyzed quantitatively. In addition, using linear regression test, the hypotheses were examined and as a result, all research hypotheses were confirmed.

Young individuals are recognized as the leading agents of societal change over the last several decades. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, their lives have become increasingly intertwined with digital networks, leading to a growth in virtual communication. This shift has introduced a paradoxical aspect to their lives, where, despite being more connected, they have become more centered on self-orientation. 

Methods and Data:

To investigate this issue, the systematic grounded theory approach was employed. The sample consisted of Yazd University students in their junior year, aged between 18 and 19. Based on theoretical sensitivity of the research, in-depth interviews were carried out with 20 selected individuals through theoretical sampling. 

The findings were in the form of 12 main categories, including problematic self-image, self-confidence challenges, communication context, self-control, passivity, problem solving, etc. These young people went through a trajectory characterized by the complexities and uncertainties of societal life. As a result, their chosen trajectories resulted in self-restraint even with extensive social relationships. A paradigmatic model and substantive theory have been developed from these categories. 

Young adults stand at the forefront of the dynamics tension between agency and structure. They try to build their own spaces for interaction, take risks, and develop their own platforms and communication networks, despite the systematic limiting pressures. To a significant degree, they have been successful achievement in these efforts.

Objective (s): This study aimed to assess the relationship between aggression and the quality of life of couples applying for divorce.

This was a cross sectional study. The statistical population was all couples who applied for divorce and referred to the Yazd Family Consolidation Center, Iran in 1400. Of these, a sample of 180 individuals were selected through availability.  The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100) questionnaire were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by performing Pearson's correlation and structural equation modeling.

The findings obtained from the correlation matrix showed that there was an inverse and significant relationship between the dimensions of aggression and the dimensions of quality of life (r = -0.43). The structural equation model also showed that aggression had an inverse and significant effect on quality of life (p<0.01). In total, the aggression explained 18% of the variance of the quality of life. The fit indices indicated the goodness of fit of the model and supported the data for the model.

Quality of life has an inverse relationship with aggression in general. In particular, anger and physical aggression are related to mental health reduction.

In recent years, the press has witnessed a decline in its audience due to various factors, including cultural, social, political, and economic influences, as well as existing restrictions. This research aimed to investigate the reasons, processes, strategies, and consequences of this issue by employing the grounded theory method, which follows a systematic approach. The participants in this study were communication media experts and individuals with a minimum of 7 years of experience in the press field. Through purposeful sampling, a total of 29 people were selected and interviewed using a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using the three-step coding method of grounded theory, which includes open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The findings revealed that the causal conditions influencing the distancing of the press can be categorized into three parts: socio-cultural factors (such as Iranian oral tradition, digitization of culture, minimalistic life, and institutional mistrust), political factors (including political restrictions and behavioral politicization), and economic factors (such as economic poverty, inflation, and high prices). The contextual conditions contributing to people's distance from the press are the political economy and virtualization. Additionally, the intervening conditions impacting people's distance from the press encompass content weakness and structural weakness. To address this issue, strategies such as content modernization, communication modernization, and structural modernization were identified. If these strategies are successfully implemented, the most significant consequence for the press would be a reduction in people's distance from it, leading to a decrease in the downward trend of the press audience.

Work as one of the forms of human behavior has gained meaning in the form of life culture and the history of human life shows the importance of work and choosing a job. The process of choosing a job begins years before the end of high school education and continues until choosing a real job. Therefore, the present research has examined the understanding of the formation of career aspirations of teenage girls in Yazdi. The current research method is qualitative and the researcher looks for the underlying causes of girls' job expectations and their obstacles. In this study, the researcher interviewed 15 teenagers who were in the stage of choosing a major, and the age range of the participants was 15-16 years (9th and 10th grade). Then, using open, central and selective coding, the findings were analyzed and processed. The findings were presented in the form of 12 main categories, including structural walls, compassionate patronage, virtual hegemony, justice-avoidance platforms, fences in limited habits, inefficient educational system, and job burnout. The core category titled fear of job failure was extracted and based on that paradigm model and background theory were presented.

The aim of this research is presenting a model of Saderat bank customer insight analysis quality by using grounded theory.  Aim society is combination of marketing and public relation experts that 12 of them have chosen by using purposive and theoretical sampling. Data collecting tool is semi structured interview and data analysis has done in three stages, open, axial and selecting coding.  Findings show that to achieve Saderat bank customer insight analysis quality should provide background that cause to increase products. The background includes: 2 causal conditions (plurality of healthy/unhealthy competitive acts, lack of instrumental look necessity), 3 contextual conditions (function of social-personal component for contacts, interaction of requirement-reaction, change of customer taste), 3 intervening conditions (risks of imitative advertisement, advertising stationary, contextual success/failure of advertisement), 8 strategies (systematic using of feedback mechanisms, suitable noticing to aimed society, customer orientation, quality of advertising localization, creating empathic feeling, participatory management,  producing efficient advertising and the nature of target oriented communication), 5 consequences (positive feedbacks, customer satisfaction, attraction/nan attraction financial/ non-financial references, bank and customer goal achievements and negative feedbacks). Final results show that customer insight supports the organization feedbacks to environment opportunities and threats and aids customer-concentrated growth. According to this, customer insight analysis shows itself to understand their expectations and edit a suitable model.

Social relations pave the way to form and reinforce a mutual trust between people. If the network of informal interaction is based on a kind of emotional deep contact and away from individual self-interest, it will not only make the atmosphere of society better, but also facilitate the conditions for creating social trust. The present research studies the type of relations and interactions in youths’ informal interactions. As such, deep interviews were conducted using a qualitative method and according to an interpretational approach. In methodology, the grounded theory was applied and the narratives were analyzed according to Strauss and Corbin's objectivist approach. The target population of the study was the youth of Yazd. Twenty people were selected through targeted sampling and the required information was gathered by interview. “Small pieces of intimacy in relationships” was the name of a phenomenon portraying the kind of relations and interactions among the interviewees. This term indicates lack of span and depth of relationships and intimacy in these interactions. On the other words, it shows fragmented and undeveloped relations with family, friends and acquaintances, because in spite of the existence of a relationship with each of these groups, the kind of relationship is separated and isolated and it is not like a chain. Moreover, the intimacy was not emotionally deep and far-reaching. In fact, the depth of this relationship with friends is lost, and the interactions with friends and acquaintances happen in a non-intimate situation with contacts even weaker than family relations.Keywords: Youth, Informal Interactions, Surface Interactions, Intimacy, Yazd. ____________________________________________________________________________ Extended abstractIntroductionOne of the foundations for the formation and strengthening of mutual trust between people is social relations. If the informal relations are based on some kind of deep emotional interactions and far from personal interests, it will not only soften the atmosphere of the society but also facilitate the conditions for improving social trust. Every society needs emotional and empathetic bonds among the members of its small groups in order to speed up and facilitate its reflection in the big social space, the conditions of solidarity and national harmony. But for some time now, in the society, the type of reactions to the happenings, from the way of expressing anger and anger, or satisfaction, criticism and appreciation, has reached a dangerous way, and that is indifference.The basis of every social order is formed by emotion, differentiation and emotional connection, which is rooted in the dependence on the group with the feeling of membership in it, but a phenomenon such as social indifference is an expression of insensitivity, pessimism, reluctance and social depression. From a pathological point of view, indifference in society is known as a kind of social disease. As in its opposite point, any social concern and altruism in individual and social life is a sign of social dynamism and health.PurposeThe current research has investigated the type of relationships and interactions as well as the continuity and quality of communication in the informal relationships of young people. In detail, it should be said that the observation of daily behavior among young people shows that their emotional relationships have weakened and the reflection of that is the increase of indifference at the social level, which can lead to the reduction of the social responsibilities of young citizens in their future social life. In the meantime, Yazd province is exposed to these changes and transformations due to reasons such as pioneering and leading the use of the Internet in the country, having a huge flood of students who are the young generation and future builders of the society, and the arrival of tourists with cultural diversity. Therefore, according to the importance of the topic, the present research aims to evaluate the type of communication and friendships of young people in Yazd society in a qualitative study and to represent the informal interactions and the contexts of the formation of daily interactions of these young people in their own language.MethodologyThe present study is carried out in the form of qualitative methodology and using the background theory. The sampling was based on theoretical and purposeful sampling. In this regard, the information of this study was collected using in-depth and semi-deep interviews. The target population was the youth of Yazd city, 20 of them were selected by purposeful sampling. It's worth mentioning that the sampling process has continued to reach the theoretical saturation. Data collection and data analysis were done simultaneously. In this study, open source, axial and selective coding were used in data analysis. Findings"Small pieces of intimacy in relationships" is the title of a phenomenon that has been the representation of the relationships and associations that took place among the interviewees. This term reflects the lack of breadth and depth of relationships and the depth of intimacy in it.In other words, the narrator has fragmented and undeveloped relationships with family, friends, and acquaintances, and despite the relationship with each of the groups, the relationships are isolated and separate and the chain relationship is not formed. Although affection and intimacy can be seen in some of these relationships, it is in small dimensions and lacks emotional depth. The relevant interviewees have appeared in different forms in informal communication with their family and friends. In such a way that the majority of them had a deep relationship only with their family and in their friendly relations it was superficial and limited to meeting the needs and meeting personal needs.ConclusionAccording to the discussions of the participants and identifying the lack of deep relationships in informal relationships and interactions between them, it should be said that the depth of communication with friends is not very defined and socializing with friends and acquaintances is in a vacuum of intimacy with superficial and far weaker and faint relationships. It is more than family relationships. In order to get out of such a space, the necessity of social cohesion can be made clear to people by promoting the culture of cooperation and cooperation in the social space and making them aware of the feedback of such interactive behaviors in individual life. These solutions can pave the way to reflect on informal relationships and reduce individualism by highlighting social teachings in promoting empathetic attitudes, paying attention to friends and acquaintances, and evoking a sense of responsibility and philanthropy in social interactions and relationships.NoveltyUnlike the methods used by the respected researchers in the past, which were mainly quantitative methods, the present research deeply investigated social indifference with a qualitative method as a deep look at the roots and hidden layers of this problem from the participants' words. Is. Another thing is that these researches have often considered the type of relationships in the social space as a whole, but the main difference of the current research is separating informal interactions and relationships in the fields of family, friends and acquaintances and clarifying the type and manner of each of them. These connections are in the relevant community.

The aim of this research was to design a model to elucidate social damages and universal police education for families. This qualitative study follows the grounded theory methodology. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews. A purposive sampling technique, combined with snowball samplThe aim of this research was to present a model for communal police education over a ten-year time horizon. The present study utilized a qualitative approach and employed the grounded theory methodology. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Fifteen experts and professionals, including instructors of FARAJA universal education, FARAJA counselors and psychologists, and managers with a minimum level of experience in the design, planning, and education concerning social harms to citizens, were selected using theoretical sampling and the snowball sampling method. To establish validity, the criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba (1985) were used, including credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability, to ensure the accuracy and trustworthiness of the qualitative research. For reliability assessment, an audit trail was followed. Data analysis involved three stages: open, axial, and selective coding. The results of this study have been synthesized into a core theme entitled "Specialty-Oriented Educational Technology in Future Police." Furthermore, a systematic conceptual model has been extracted, comprising multiple themes: causal factors including environmental richness, public networks, and personality types; contextual factors including instructor effectiveness, teaching methods, police training constructs, and environmental factors; intervening factors including social problems, the digital age, uncertain financial future, and regional pathology; strategies including content richness, humor induction, applicability of issues, and power-oriented management; and ultimately, consequences including addressing social harms, generating a sense of security, and fostering dynamism in relationships. In total, 310 concepts, 30 sub-themes, 18 main themes, and 1 central phenomenon were presented.ing, was used to select 15 experts and professionals including instructors of FARAJA (Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran) universal education, FARAJA counselors and psychologists, and managers with experience in designing, planning, and educating citizens about social harms. The criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba (1985) have been used to determine the credibility assessment. In this way, four criteria of credibility, transferability, reliability and verifiability were used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of qualitative research.Reliability was also established through an audit trail. The results of the present research have been constructed in the form of a core theme under the title of “Specialty-Oriented Educational Technology in Future Police”. Furthermore, a conceptual model in the form of causal factors including environmental richness, public networks, and personality types, contextual factors including instructors’ effectiveness, teaching techniques, police training constructs, and environmental factors, intervening factors including social problematic factor, digital/information age, uncertain financial future, and regional pathology, strategies including content enrichment, inducing a sense of humor, applicability of issues, and power-oriented management, and ultimately, consequences including addressing social harms and generating and feeling security and dynamism in relationships has been developed. Totally 310 concepts, 30 sub-themes, 18 main themes, and 1 central phenomenon were proposed.

Meaninglessness is generally argued as a major consequence of alienation, which brings concerns about how meaning is made in the social construction of bureaucratic organizations. A grounded theory method was employed to explore meaninglessness formation context among nurses in public hospitals in Yazd. Through theoretical and purposeful sampling, 20 nurses in public hospitals in the city were selected to participate in in-depth interviews. The theoretical sampling process continued until data saturation was obtained. The collected data were analyzed through open, axial and selective coding. The results yielded 16 main categories (e.g., paperwork, phobia from reporting, distorted communication between companion/patient, impression management crisis and vertical gender emotional labor, experience of emancipatory emotions, vertical system management, problematic of social relations etc.), a core category (organizing of meaninglessness among nurses), the paradigmatic model, and the theoretical schema. The findings indicated that nurses' meaninglessness mainly stemmed from the graded bureaucratic structure in the hospitals and is constantly reproduced in different domains. Nurses' resistance through action/reaction strategies ultimately leads to the normalization of meaninglessness among them.

Designing a strategy that provides the specific goal of an organization is called goal-based management. This research seeks to empirically analyze the effect of public relations strategies on safe shipping communications based on goal-based management. The current research method is of a combined type. In the qualitative part, the interview tool was used and the experts were interviewed until reaching theoretical saturation, and the data was coded using Max QDA software, and the dimensions and components of the qualitative part are as described below, including crisis management. Maritime accidents, protection of interests, demand for seafaring, seafaring culture, reduction of seafarers' worries, seafarers' problems, responsibility to stakeholders, management of seafaring accidents, seafaring culture and improving the quality of seafarers' education were identified. In the quantitative part, using a researcher-made questionnaire that was obtained from the qualitative part; After presenting the hypotheses, according to the results of the qualitative section, the research hypotheses were evaluated; And also through SPSS software, the obtained data were analyzed quantitatively. In addition, using linear regression test, the hypotheses were checked and all research hypotheses were confirmed.

The consequences of COVID-19 pandemic disease are undeniable and as an important health care event, it has led to the spread of anxiety, depression, fear, and chronic worrying among children. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Traplay on depressive symptoms and grief of bereaved children in COVID-19 epidemic.

The present research was a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population of this study included all children aged 7 to 11 years without a father in 2021 in Yazd city. The study sample consisted of 30 children-parents who were selected by purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received 12 45-min sessions per week and the control group did not receive any intervention. In the pre-test and post-test stages, the groups responded to the Spuij et al. Prolonged Grief for Children Scale (2013), and the Kovacs Children's Depression Inventory (1977). The obtained data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Based on the results, the main effect of the treatment variable on the post-test scores of depression and bereavement symptoms was significant. The results also showed that the mean adjusted scores of depression post-test and grief symptoms in the experimental group was lower than the control group.

The findings of the present study showed that Traplay treatment is effective in reducing the symptoms of depression and grief of bereaved children in COVID-19 pandemic. The educational method used has provided a suitable model to deal with these children.