seyed mahmoud hosseini

Achieving individual and social ideals and goals in societies requires public trust in social relations. Public trust means positive reception from the custodians of affairs and institutions and organizations towards the wishes and demands of the general public. Legitimacy of the council and emphasis on justice and beneficence and faithfulness to promises and trustworthiness and enjoining what is good and forbidding what is bad and the ruling of reason and rationality is a proof of the existence of its jurisprudential foundations, and the creation of a spirit of cooperation and responsibility and relying on honesty and the realization of justice Social is one of its jurisprudential works. And the constitution is a proof of the existence of its legal foundations and the development and consolidation of equality and public participation, and the provision of all-round rights of individuals and the elimination of unfair discrimination are considered to be its legal effects. Commitment and action based on jurisprudence and law will be the foundation of a desirable society. In this research, we will explain the role of jurisprudence on public trust with a descriptive and analytical method, and we will show that the current research will show that jurisprudence is one of the forms of public trust.

Geometric analysis of fractures in calcareous reservoirs containing hydrocarbon resources is of particular importance. Knowing the location and distribution of fractures in such reservoirs can play an effective role in providing field development plans, determining suitable sites for new drilling and reducing exploration costs. This study was carried out to evaluate the relative frequency of fractures method to identify regional fractures in the Bibihakimeh oilfield. The required data have been extracted by analyzing the underground countor maps in the Bibihakimeh oilfield. Then, the accuracy of the fracture map prepared based on this method was evaluated with the relevant data of reservoir parameters in the studied oilfields. Data on mud loss, thermal gradient, overburden thickness, total organic carbon and production index confirm results obtained from the relative frequency of fractures in the center of the oilfield. Comparison of the results with the map of basement faults in the study area shows that the performance of these regional fractures has caused curvature development and fractures concentration in some parts of the Bibihakimeh oilfield. These regional fractures act as a conduit for heat transfer from the depth to the surface, which in turn has led to a sharp increase in thermal gradient and production in wells in the central parts of the studied oilfield.

Market research often begins with two assumptions; first, consumers are able to choose among desirable products, and second, they have sufficient resources to buy them. However, many consumer decisions are constrained by the scarcity of products. In recent years, product scarcity has been used in marketing as a business phenomenon and the issue has received increasing attention from both academics and practitioners. The available academic literature discusses a wide variety of subjects investigated based on various theories, using different research methods in a diverse range of settings. However, this diversity makes it difficult to obtain the core themes and findings and also to recognize the outstanding knowledge gaps. The purpose of this article is to review previous studies on the use of product scarcity in marketing and also to identify new directions for future research. The review was conducted for two

initially, to describe the current state of research on the use of product scarcity in marketing, and second, to identify the present gaps in the current literature to highlight opportunities for future research. In particular, this review sought to answer the following: How can different types of product scarcity help firms improve their marketing performance, and what factors need to be considered in the process?

The present research is conducted based on the systematic literature review method. In the first step, while determining and specifying the subject of study, the research questions were developed in accordance with the research design. In the next step, the research protocol was designed and an appropriate mental model was designed, accordingly. Subsequently, inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined. Accordingly, the comprehensive and systematic search began within the literature and 914 studies were selected. After classifying, screening, and evaluating their quality, 66 studies were finally examined in depth and the required data were collected. 

The analysis of the identified papers led to the development of a conceptual framework to describe the key factors of product scarcity and how these factors influence both consumers and the market. The established framework indicated that the use of product scarcity in marketing depends on consumer characteristics, types of scarcity, and types of products. The use has different impacts on consumers. By purchasing scarce products, consumers satisfy their needs for uniqueness, conformity, behavioral freedom, and/or avoiding future regret. All of the above can increase consumers’ perception of the value of products and consequently boost their willingness to purchase.

This paper systematically reviewed a sample of previous studies on product scarcity, with a focus on the use of product scarcity as an effective marketing strategy to improve market as well as firm performance. The analysis of the identified literature highlighted the main findings obtained so far, summarised the underlying theories for product scarcity in marketing, and developed a framework based on the key factors and causal relationships. The analysis of the identified papers proves substantial gaps in our knowledge of this field, opening up new paths for future research. Based on the current review, we see a key limitation resulting from the lack of research uncovering the process black box between product scarcity and performance improvement. This is also largely caused by the lack of high-quality case studies on this issue in the existing literature.

This study examined the major effective factors on sustainability and continuity of private extension services from the perspective of public sector experts in Qazvin and Zanjan province based on the Structural Equation Modeling. The population of this study comprised public sector experts who worked in Agricultural Extension Services Centers in Qazvin and Zanjan provinces (N=241). The study sample consisted of 148 public sector experts selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Validity was confirmed by face validity, convergent validity, and content validity and reliability was calculated using Composite Reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data was analyzed using Smart-PLS software based on Partial Least Squares approach. The findings showed that the infrastructure, education & extension, and economic factors had the most positive and significant effect on the sustainability and continuity of private extension activities from the perspective of public sector experts in Qazvin and Zanjan province, respectively. Due to the impact of the infrastructure factor, the organization of private extension network by the Agricultural Jihad Organization at first and the implementation of supportive policies to set up consulting start-ups such as information, education and culture to accept the culture of private promotion in the region, and accept A portion of the private promotion fee is offered.

Desirable bioethics is one of the goals of any political and social system, which is considered as a form of peaceful and a just life. This approach is also prominent in the Islamic system. However, various factors such as public trust are effective in achieving the desired bioethics in the Islamic system that the present study addresses these issues and seeks to show how the elements of public trust can achieve the desired bioethics in the Islamic system.

The method used in the present study is descriptive-analytical, which has been done by searching and examining information in books, historical and religious texts, verses and hadiths, as well as related research to collect data and analyze the subject.

 In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

Commitment to the covenant, enjoining the right and forbidding the wrong, responsibility, accepting criticism and critique, as well as the rule of law are among the moral values that grow in the shadow of public trust in society and provide the basis to achieve the desirable bioethics. Fulfilling the covenant in act on promises and agreements of the people and the Islamic system, enjoining the right and forbidding the wrong in trying to establish moral values and eliminating vices, responsibility means performing tasks to organize political and social life and the rule of law, acting on the basis of the precepts of Sharia are manifested as the ground for the realization of the desired bioethics in the Islamic system.

Public trust, both vertically (the relationship between citizens and the political system) and horizontally (the relationship between citizens with each other), leads to the formation of moral and human values to achieve the desired bioethics in the Islamic system. The values of loyalty, honesty, responsibility, obedience to the law and fulfillment of religious and legal duties and orders, are obtained in the Islamic system if that people trust each other and their trust in the political system is achieved. Therefore, public trust is the background and promoter of moral values in Islamic society.

Iran is one of the earthquake-prone countries in the world that have experienced earthquakes with a magnitude of more than seven on the Richter scale, which has caused significant financial, human, economic, and social losses in society. In earthquakes where the vital arterial system is severely damaged, the community’s life is threatened and sometimes causes significant damage. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the earthquake on vital arteries and to design a new approach to earthquake crisis management in the classification of vital arteries.

This study was descriptive applied. The study population consisted of technicians and experts in management and civil engineering in Isfahan Province, Iran. Considering that the study population is 265 people, all of them were studied with the assumption of a confidence interval of 0.95 and an error of 0.05. The study data were collected by a questionnaire. Because of the normality of the data, the data were analyzed with the Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS software.

The results of data analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient test show a significant relationship between the classification of vital arteries based on new structuring with crisis management and its key role in earthquake crisis control. The passive defense was the most important component and the most relevant among effective approaches to managing vital arteries crises.

By creating this proposed model of earthquake crisis management, a new classification was made for the system of vital arteries. Also, It provides a proper performance in different situations of before, during, and after social crises. It is also necessary to form a headquarter called the Social Crisis Management Headquarter based on efficient strategies and the necessary implementation and training.

In emergency departments (ED), human reliability assessment is essential for improving the quality of treatment and preventing medical accidents. A medical accident is expressed as an injury to a patient caused by the negligence of a doctor or nurse who is providing medical care. This study aimed to assess the human reliability in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) process and recommend some comments to minimize human errors and improve patient safety.

The main factors in the CPR process (such as rate and depth of chest compression and rate of ventilation) are identified based on the American heart association (AHA) roles. Data were recorded during three months in the evening shifts in the ED and CPR room of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. In total, 42 samples were collected, and a modified hybrid approach according to the fault tree analysis and Markov method was proposed for the analysis of CPR team (including emergency medicine, medical interns, and nurses) reliability in the resuscitation process. Finally, the important basic events (errors) were selected using the Boruta algorithm by R software.

An FTA-Markov-based hybrid method is considered to compute the human reliability in the CPR process. The obtained results from human reliability analysis using the sensitivity analysis via Boruta algorithm and the proposed hybrid method show that an interrupt between chest compression process for rhythm control, the cycle of CPR, the depth of chest compression, and the discussion about reversible causes are the most effective factors in the human reliability of CPR process.

The human reliability of the CPR process in the ED has been assessed using a hybrid method based on the FTA and Markov method for the first time. To improve the quality of treatment and prevent medical accidents during the CPR process, the main factors in the process are identified, and then, the proposed hybrid method is used to calculate human reliability.

The idea of using a meshless method for geometrically nonlinear problems due to its advantage of eliminating mesh distortion has been attracted many researchers. In this paper, the nonlinear wave propagation analysis in two-dimensional functionally graded (2D FG) thick hollow cylinders is studied using the meshless method. For this purpose, the meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method is developed for geometrically nonlinear dynamic analysis based on the total Lagrangian approach. The radial point interpolation, which possesses the delta function property, is used to construct the shape functions. Since the cylinder is assumed to have large deformations, the neo-Hookean hyperelastic model is employed for constitutive modeling of material. The incremental-iterative Newmark/Newton-Raphson technique is applied to iteratively solve the nonlinear equations of motion. The 2D FG cylinder is analyzed under uniform and non-uniform mechanical shock loading. The mechanical properties of the cylinder are assumed to vary nonlinearly through the radial and longitudinal directions which are simulated using two-dimensional volume fractions. Rayleigh damping is utilized to model energy dissipation in analyses. Numerical examples demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of the present approach in tracking the nonlinear wave propagation in two-dimensional FG thick hollow cylinders. The effects of grading patterns on the time history and wave propagation are discussed in detail.

Boards are mainly concerned with communication issues as well as how to overcome the uncertainty associated with the strategic decision-making process rather than simply the old challenge of "conflict of interests" and their legal and structural solutions. In fact, although structural and legal issues are important in corporate governance, they are not sufficient for a comprehensive understanding of the process of corporate governance from a theoretical point of view and implementation of good governance in practice. That is because the interactions between the board members as well as the interactions between them and other stakeholders of the organization can play a more important role in this regard and should be the focus of attention. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a systematic review on all the articles published in the field of corporate governance using a behavioral approach in order to create a big imge for the researchers to design an appropriate conceptual model and conduct empirical research accordingly. The main question of this research is: “what concepts have been studied by the researchers in the field of corporate governance using a behavioral approach”.

The present research is based on a meta-synthesis approach. It is a qualitative appraoch to present a combination of research findings with the aim of creating a conceptual framework and summarizing the concepts in order to provide easier access for exploitation in future experimental research. The study population included all the articles related to corporate governance which have been published in the reliable international journals such as JSTORE, Emerald, Science Direct (Elsevier), Scopus, Springer, Proquest, and Wiley until the end of 2018. In the preliminary stage, 140 articles were extracted. Then, the respective abstracts were studied and those articles that did not comply with at least one of the characteristics of the behavioral approach to corporate governance were eliminated. These characteristics include: 1- they should be 1- about the service duties of the board of directors, 2- about the interactions or decisions of the board of directors and the senior management team as well as dealing with the issues such as power, trust, feelings, participation, and etc, 3- using a theoretical basis other than theory of representation, 4- about the demographic characteristics or competencies of the board members, and 5- about the board processes and their dynamics using the raw data. The Journal Impact Factor and SiteScore indicators were used in the last stage of the article screening process.

After identifying 140 related articles and coding 78 selected articles with the average journal impact factor (JIF) of 4.34, 1722 content codes were registered to identify the concepts in this field. 139 concepts were identified as a result of open coding process, which were categorized into 25 subcategories and 9 main categories. Then, by performing axial and selective coding according to the grounded theory principles, the conceptual framework of "corporate governance based on a behavioral approach" was developed. The category of duties and outcomes of the board of directors including the control and service delivery task, was considered as the central category. Accordingly, the board should support and direct CEOs while keeping their distance and challenging them. The stakeholders, on the other hand, are regarded as the main trigger for the board duties. In fact, the external stakeholders as well as the internal stakeholders expect the board to be accountable and create value that can lead them to perform control or service tasks. On the other hand, the structure of the board as well as the demographic characteristics and competencies of the board members are considered as the intervening variables. In other words, there is a relationship between the structure of the board as well as the demographic characteristics and competencies of the individuals. In addition, the underlying conditions, depending on the contextual factors of corporate governance, can cause distinct changes in research variables in different research environments and are different from the intervening factors. In a conceptual framework, the underlying factors are divided into three levels of: company, industry, and macro (national). These factors affect the board processes. Moreover, the action and reaction strategies are the events that are performed by the actors during performing the board tasks. These strategies begin from the first moment the board performs its duties and continue until the organizational goals are achieved. Finally, the board tasks will result in organizational consequences including financial consequences, strategic changes of the organization, as well as social performance consequences for the organization, which is considered as the result within the conceptual framework.

The researchers should move away from the control tasks of the board of directors and pay more attention to the service tasks including the participation in the organizations strategies. They should also investigate the impact of underlying factors such as corporate ownership structure as well as environmental uncertainty on power relations. In addition to demographic factors, it can highlight the competencies of the board as well as human and communication capital and their role in the quality of the decisions. They should also develop contingency models that provide a more comprehensive explanation of the dynamics of the boards through studying cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes as well as paying attention to different factors such as power, trust, and feelings.

Olibanum (OLIB) and its component boswellic acid (BOSA) are suggested to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects. In the present work, we examined effect of OLIB, and BOSA on the synaptic plasticity impairment and oxidative stress indicators in a rat model of neuro-inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Forty rats were divided into the following four groups: (1) Control, (2) LPS, (3) OLIB (200 mg/kg), and (4) BOSA (10 mg/kg). The animals were pre-treated with OLIB extract, BOSA or the vehicle 30 min before LPS (1 mg/kg) administration, for 6 days. On the 6th day, electrophysiological recording was done. Long-term potentiation (LTP) from CA1 area of hippocampus was assessed. The animals were then sacrificed and their brains were removed for evaluation of the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, malondialdehyde (MDA), thiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the cortex. Administration of LPS decreased amplitude (p <0.001) and slope (p <0.01) of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP). Pre-treatment enhanced these parameters (p The results showed that OLIB and BOSA could improve synaptic plasticity impairment induced by LPS as shown by a decrease in an inflammation indicator along with the anti-oxidant effects.

The purpose of the present study is to provide a theoretical framework for the formation influencing factors in heterogeneous multibusiness corporations and the role of each of these factors in different stages of corporate development. The methodology of the present study is a systematic review, which, according to Cooper, consists of seven stages, namely problem formulation, data gathering of studies, qualitative evaluation of studies, analysis and integration, interpretation of documentation, and presentation of results. Accordingly, 39 articles on unrelated diversification strategies and conglomerates were published between 1965 and 2018 on a scientific basis, extracted and analyzed after the filtering process using manual coding. based on the results of selective articles, 28 indices were divided into three contextual, structural and contentual factors. Four indices were identified for content factors, 15 for structural factors and 9 for contextual factors. Among the contextual indicators, the economies of states, government and institutional factors, among the structural factors indices of risk reduction, finaincial synergy, and central business position, and among the managerial and shareholder behavioral factors were the most frequent ones. In the second stage, the role of each of the factors in the development stages of conglomerate corporate was investigated, which in the early stage of contextual factors, and growth stage, structural factors and in the maturity stage, contentual factors had the most influence.

Diversification strategy is one of the ways to enter into heterogeneous businesses. There has been much study and views about the formation of corporate with related businesses, but any comprehensive model for the formation of unrelated multi-business not been put up yet. THIS study attempts to bridge this gap. Given the complex and unstable environment in most developing countries,especially Iran, many companies are approaching toward this type of developement and most of them often fail. On the other hand, the role of these factors in different stages of the development of corporate is not same, so this study seeks to answer this question.  

The statistical population of the study: All articles on unrelated diversity strategies and conglomerates were published in the scientific database between 1965 and 2018. Theoretical framework Since most research on related and unrelated diversification is related to their performance, value, risk, etc., research has not comprehensively examined the cause of the formation of multifaceted and unrelated corporate. According to the theoretical literature, the reasons for the formation of multi-business corporations can be explained in two dimensions: The first is the economics of countries and base developing countries and the second is based on their purpose of diversification, which purpose is Growth.

The methodology of the present study is a systematic review, which, according to Cooper, consists of seven stages, namely problem formulation, data gathering of studies, qualitative evaluation of studies, analysis and integration, interpretation of documentation, and presentation of results. Accordingly, 39 articles on unrelated diversification strategies and conglomerates were published between 1965 and 2018 on a scientific basis, extracted and analyzed after the filtering process using manual coding.

Based on the results of selected articles, 30 indices were divided into three contextual, structural and contentual factors. These indicators include. Intense competition in domestic markets, weak institutional environment, geographic location, legal constraints, support industries, government support, tax incentives, information asymmetry, external alliances, all of which were underlying factors. Owners' philosophy, managerial motivations, strong employee ethics and organizational culture related to behavioral factors and ultimately strong R&D, surplus funds, financial synergy, risk reduction, current business performance, managerial synergy, economies of scale, strategy Current businesses, timing of entry into unrelated businesses, industry-leading advantages, maturity of pivotal businesses, need for high-tech, territory economics, managerial stability, and high transaction costs. In the second stage, the role of each of the factors in the development stages of conglomerate corporate was investigated, which in the early stage of contextual factors, and growth stage, structural factors and in the maturity stage, behavioral factors had the most influence.

Based on the results of the research, one can find the main cause of the formation of multifaceted and unrelated companies in three behavioral, contextual and structural factors. Among these factors, the role of the underlying factors for the formation of multi-business and unrelated corporations is more important than the others, depending on the conditions of the institutional environment of the countries and the stage of development of their economies. On the other hand, when companies are formed, they later show the role of more structural factors, covered by indicators such as financial and managerial synergies, scale and territory efficiency, and finally, the maturity stage for managers and shareholders to enter the internal market. And related and unrelated externalities that are more important in the form of behavioral factors than others.

Based on the previously-declared anticonvulsant properties of Rosa damascena (R. damascena), this study explored the probable effects of R. damascena on neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of a rat model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure. 40 male Wistar rats were randomely divided into control (n=8) and experimental (n=32) groups which underwent PTZ injection. A one-week pre-medication with 50 (PTZ-Ext 50) (n=8), 100 (PTZ-Ext 100) (n=8), and 200 (PTZ-Ext 200) (n=8) mg/kg of hydro-alcoholic extract of R. Damascene was performed while one experimental group (PTZ-induced group) (n=8) received only saline during the week before PTZ injection. After provocation of PTZ-induced seizures, the brains underwent tissue processing and TUNEL staining assay for apoptotic cell quantification. Our findings revealed that PTZ-induced seizures led to apoptosis in neuronal cells of all sub-regions of the hippocampus; yet, only at CA1, CA3 and DG sub-regions of the PTZ-induced group, the difference in the number of apoptotic neuronal cells was significant in comparison with the control group. In addition, pre-medication with the plant extract led to a significant drop in the quantity of apoptotic neurons in these sub-regions in comparison with the PTZ-induced group which received no pre-medication . The results of this study showed that R. damascena extract exerts neuro-protective effects on PTZ-induced seizure.

According to the traditional medicine,lettuce can affect nerve conduction velocity and memory. So, to investigate the effect of lettuce seeds extract on body activities, lettuce seeds were used.

In the present study, the effects of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds extract consumption (in drinking water) on T4 level, animals' weight, water and food consumption, nerve conduction velocity (NCV), and memory in Wistar rats, were investigated. In this study, 24 Wistar rats were used, and divided into three groups: control, L 200 mg/kg, and L 400 mg/kg.

The results showed that, the T4 level, food and water intake, time spent and distance travelled in Q1, delay time to enter and the number of entrance into the dark room in both treated groups were not significantly different from the control group. Animal weight and NCV, in 400 mg/kg group were not significantly different from the control group, but in 200 mg/kg group, they were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The duration spent in  the dark room (48 hr after shock) in L 400 mg/kg increased compared to the control group (p<0.05), but in L 200 mg/kg group at all time points, and in L 400 mg/kg treated group 3 and 24 hr after shock, it was not significantly different from the control group.

Based on these findings, the T4 level, memory, food and water intake were not changed by lettuce extract, while NCV and animal weight were decreased following treatment with lettuce extract.

Resilience as one of the most important issues in the related to firms performance, in recent years has attracted considerable attention. In this regard, it is essential to identify the potential items that cause the firms to be resilient. By considering the importance of topic, the aim of this study is identifying and achieving a framework of resilience items of firms in detergent industry, as one of the most high financial turnover industry in Iran. Two types of contractual content analysis and ISM are used to analyze the data. Through qualitative content analysis, 21 items that involved in the resilience of firms are identified, and in the ISM section, the items classified into 9 levels. Those categorized into six broad concepts: internal resources and procedures of the firm, human capital, structural position in industry, interactive strategy with environment, Firm process characteristics, decision portfolio.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate and identify the factors influencing sustainable agriculture among greenhouse farmers of south of Kerman with emplesize on educational factors. This research was a kind of descriptive-correlation. The population of this study includes 1839 greenhouse farmers. According to Krejcie & Morgan table, 320 farmers were selected by stratified random sampling for doing the study. The research tools were questionnaire. To analyze the validity of research tools, the view points of some scholars of agricultural extension are considered and to examine reliability of tool, about 30 questionnaires were fulfillment by greenhouse farmers of south of Kerman, The reliability of the instrument was measured by calculating Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, The reliability of the instrument for various questions varied from 0.79 to 0.91 that showed a high reliability for the instrument. Data were analyzed SPSS18. The results of factor analysis showed that the four factors of supportive and educational facilities, infrastructure and production right policies, encouraging the development of sustainable production and development of healthy products market about 80% of the total variance explained factors. According to the results, based on the effect of educational methods on the green house cultures sustainability it is suggested through notification and educational different methods, increasing the sustainability of production and improving the overall health of the community.

The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for the effective implementation of product development processes according to the wants and expectations of customers and its adaptation to organizational characteristics for the country's automotive industry. This research is a development  one from the purpose side  and in terms of the nature of the data and how it was collected through a kind of exploratory (qualitative - quantitative)based on research with a stage- gate product design approach: Exploring the most common methods of product development according to industry background and applications; Extracting new product development indices from customers' perspective; Adaptation of new product development indices to organizational characteristics and goals; Determination of indices affecting new product development and their ranking using content analysis techniques and exploratory focus group to extract research metrics. In the qualitative part, the sample size is nineteen experts and in the quantitative part, the sample size is 294 customers of three companies Iran Khodro, SAIPA and Pars Khodro. Based on the findings of this study, fifty indices were presented and analyzed in 11 themes and their descriptions as well as prioritizing new product development themes from a well-known customer and organization perspective.

Entrepreneurial marketing (EM) has emerged as a new paradigm in marketing in order to assist the firms operating in turbulent environments. Although many researches have been carried out in the field of EM, enough attention was not dedicated to the issue that applying EM will not lead to the desired outcomes unless related basic assumptions are taken into consideration. In other words, it is needed to shed a light on the situation consistent with EM and its underlying assumptions. Thus this paper reviews the previous studies in this field and focuses on the concept development of EM based on the methodology suggested by Lynham. According to the four steps proposed by Whetten the theory of EM is studied more deeply. Firstly, the constructs defining EM are discussed. Secondly, the way that the marketing orientation (MO) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) are related is demonstrated. Thirdly, the effect of two main theories on EM development is studied. One is effectuation which is extracted from entrepreneurship literature, and the other one is service-dominant logic drawn from the literature of marketing. Lastly, two frameworks elaborating on strategy formulation are analyzed, and then it is concluded that EM is aligned with the context of transformative and shaping approaches to the strategy development, which means that the emphasis on the prediction is low, and emphasis on control is high. It is also stated how EM is different from entrepreneurship in terms of contextual circumstances.

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a new generation of smart materials which was the subject of researches in recent years. In this study, SMAs are employed to improve the vibrational and structural behavior of composite beams. A numerical solution was presented for natural frequency analysis of the clamped-clamped beam and the obtained results were validated with results of available references. Two main goals were followed in this study: first, analysis the influences of effective design parameters of embedded SMA wires on natural frequencies of composite beams and second, optimal design of SMAs to improve the vibrational and structural behavior of composite beam. In the first step, the effect of design parameters of shape memory alloy wires including the number and the diameter of wires on natural frequencies and total mass of structure was studied. In the second step, maximization of the first natural frequency of the structure and minimization of the total weight of the structure was the objective function of multi-objective optimization process which was performed by employing the genetic algorithm and weighted sum optimization approach. The obtained results of optimization processes confirmed the high efficiency of the proposed approach to improve the vibrational and structural properties of Shape memory alloys composite beam.

The previous studies on the field of competitive advantages of businesses were reviewed. Competitive advantage refers to a set of factors or capabilities that enable the company to demonstrate better performance comparing to the competitors. Totally 59 articles in eight different fields, including strategic management, strategic management of marketing, marketing management, information technology, knowledge management, resources-based theory, entrepreneurship, and human resource management, were reviewed. The results showed that among several available methods, a majority of businesses employ Porter’s triple strategies, namely differentiation, centralization, and cost leadership, to gain competitive advantages. Among the triple strategies, the strategy of differentiation has drawn the highest attention and simultaneous utilization of the three strategies is a rare case.

Lithium ion batteries are among the most used rechargeable batteries in the world. Carbon nanostructures including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as important electrode materials for this kind of batteries. Therefore improving the performance of these carbon based electrodes in Lithium ion batteries is an important issue and attracts much attention in the battery community. In this manuscript, a new method for high content Nitrogen doping on CNTs is reported as an efficient approach for enhancing the battery performance. Direct current-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (DC-PECVD) system was used for nitrogen doping. Annealing with Nitrogen during CNT growth and plasma exposure after the growth has been used for Nitrogen doping of the CNTs. The growth was performed on an Indium Tin oxide (ITO) covered Silicon substrate. Implementation of Silicon substrate enables the possibility of future integration of other electronic circuits with the fabricated Lithium ion battery. Vertically aligned CNTs with an average diameter of around 150 nm and 4 um height has been obtained on this substrate. The synthesized CNTs was subsequently used as the electrode of Lithium ion battery in a half cell configuration. The results show a significant improvement of about 400% in the specific capacity of the battery as a result of Nitrogen doping. For Nitrogen doped CNT based battery, specific capacity of around 0.4 mAh/cm2 and coulombic efficiency of 97% were achieved after 28 cycles of charge/discharge with C rate of 2.5. This Nitrogen doping method is propped as an efficient technique for enhancing the performance of Lithium ion batteries with carbon based electrodes.

Objectives The recent shift, from merely traditional approach providing only financial services to the new trend implying banks can be considered as business partners meeting their whole financial needs and creating a win-win relationship, in customers’ opinion towards banks has made banks try to apply banking marketing strategies to help attract more customers and respond to their needs. Hence, it is necessary for executive directors in banking industry and more specifically marketing managers to provide a comprehensive and practical definition of all the aspects of the banking and monetary marketing. They should also be able to act in line with marketing maturity level – the most optimum scenario helping banks seek their objectives and be accounted as pioneers in this field -. Therefore, this study aims at identifying Iran banking marketing processes and evaluating their importance in Iran financial industry in order to identify and prioritize the activities based on each maturity level.

Methodology This descriptive study is practical in nature and cross-sectional exploratory in terms of data collection. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 27 experts and academicians in banking industry. The sample was selected based on non-random purposeful sampling. Shannon entropy approach was applied to classify and rank the processes.

Findings The results of Shannon algorithm showed that banking services management (0.1433), customer service management, advertisement and banking marketing integrated
communications (0.1224), pricing and providing banking products and services (0.1042), banking services distribution channels (0.0953), Banking marketing analysis and studies (0.0899) are among the most important banking marketing processes which approves the mixed nature of banking marketing.

Conclusions Banks can classify and constantly evaluate their products based on their profit margin (spread). They can also apply regular and explicit strategies to remove some products or introduce new products and monitor their products based on their life cycle. Banks are also asked to put their maximum effort on prolonging their products maturity period. In so doing, there is a clear relationship between the products/services policies and organizational strategies and services beyond the customers’ expectations and their competitors’ performance, covering their objectives and marketing strategies. Aiming at managing relationships with the customer, banks can plan to identify marketing processes and develop a list of their key customers as an important process in marketing. In addition, banks can promote their technical knowledge of the products and use advertisement to increase their products sale and provide services to the customers through better sale management in line with bank strategies regarding customer classification. Pertinent to pricing of the products and services, banks should always consider the possibility of discounts for their elite customers such as golden and key customers. To do so, the banks should evaluate the pricing system of their competitors in order to present a clear list of their expenses and prices and finally to reflect on pricing and profitability as the basis to ensure their financial profitability objectives and their instance worldwide. Considering the size, objectives, structure and values of the existing sale channels can help banks manage their banking services sales. Banks can also work on appropriate estimations; specifying selling methods based on their customers and identifying the customers’ decision-making strategies in order to affect their purchasing behaviors; modeling the pioneers in banking industry, constant investigation of the customers’ purchasing behaviors and the sale team. They can also highlight increasing their employees’ knowledge and capabilities to promote their share of the market and profitability. It is recommended that banks determine the key features of the distributing channels, size, structure, and values as well as to determine some specific distributing products for special customers, model strategies in the distributing channels based on their opponents

In this article, the transient dynamic analysis of decagonal quasicrystal (QC) is carried out using the meshless generalized finite difference (GFD) method. The transient behaviors of phonon and phason displacements in these types of QCs, when they are subjected to mechanical shock loading are studied. Also, the meshless GFD method is developed to solve the dynamic problems of QCs, considering coupling between phonon and phason displacements. The governing equations of the problem are obtained in the coupled system of PDEs by applying the coupling coefficient in the governing equations to simulate the interaction between phonon and phason displacements. A 2D rectangular domain made from decagonal (Al-Ni-Co) QCs is assumed for the problem to show the transient behaviors of phonon and phason displacements, when one side of 2D domain is excited by phonon displacement shock loading. Based on the coupling between phonon and phason displacements, any disturbance in phonon field causes some variations in phason field. To study the dynamic behaviors of phonon and phason fields, the coupled governing equations are transferred to Laplace domain. After analysis the problem by GFD method, the obtained results in Laplace domain are transferred to time domain using the Laplace inversion technique. The interactions between phonon and phason fields are studied in details. Also, the effects of coupling parameter and the phason friction coefficient on the dynamic and transient behaviors of phonon and phason displacement fields are obtained and discussed in details.

Given to the importance of employability as an indicator of higher education quality and social capital as a key factor for this system efficiency, examining the relationship of these variables is necessary. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social capital dimensions in employability of agricultural students of agricultural and natural resources University College, university of Tehran. The statistical population of this research was consisted of all agricultural majors’ senior and junior students of agricultural and natural resources university college, university of Tehran (N=715). The sample size was calculated by Cochran formula (n=190) accessed through proportional stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and two main variables i.e. employability and social capital. In order to investigate the validity, reliability, fitness of latent variables and test of conceptual model, structural equation modeling (SEM) with LISREL8.80 software was used. Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the validity and reliability latent variables. Results of structural equation modeling showed that five dimensions of social capital i.e. Social values, Social trust, Social networks, Social cohesiveness, Social participation, Sharing knowledge, Social Communication had positive significant effect on the employability of surveyed students.

The main purpose of this study is reform, development and evaluation of dynamic water balance model “DWB” with the approach of the proportional coefficients “To the kind of hydrological reality-based constraints” and acts the withdrawal of groundwater and surface water resources along with calibration and uncertainty analysis its parameter. The results showed that generally cannot obtain a set of optimal parameters for calibration SDDWB and DWB model and often the parameters of the models are low detection capability for model calibration in both study area (Neyshabur and Rokh watershed). The average total amount of surface water balance error DWB model for Neyshabur and Rokh watershed is Respectively -9.74 and -69.63 Cubic meters that is Represented poor performance model. there is a significant difference between Aquifer volume changes observed and simulated by DWB That the main reason is the lack beneficial effects of groundwater withdrawals in this model. Reviews performance results showed that the relative PRMSE index of the SDDWB model for both the study areas less than 10 percent, indicating acceptable accuracy SDDWB model. In general, the results indicate that the overall error rate of surface and groundwater discharge equation components using SDDWB model is much lower than the DWB model, which indicates the positive impact reform and development on the DWB model.

The time history analysis and propagation of molar concentration, temperature and displacement waves are studied in details using an analytical method. The method is applied to coupled non-Fickian diffusion-thermoelasticity analysis of a strip. The governing equations are derived using non-Fickian theory of diffusion and classic theories for coupled thermoelasticity. Molar concentration and thermoelastic wave propagations are considered to be of finite speed. The governing equations are first transferred to the frequency domain using Laplace transform technique. The unknown parameters are then obtained in analytical forms proposed by the presented method. By employing the Talbot technique, the unknown parameters are eventually determined in time domain. It can be concluded that the presented analytical method has a high capability for dynamic and transient analysis of coupled diffusion-thermoelasticity problems. The wave fronts in displacement, temperature and molar concentration fields can be tracked at various time instants employing the presented analytical method.