seyed mohammad seyedkalan

Metaphor is an effective tool in understanding abstract concepts. The present study examines the use of metaphor in the second and third elementary school books of heavenly gifts and its role in understanding intangible concepts. In this regard, information about "domains of origin and destination","generalization of multiple meanings" and"partial mapping" were collected in two separate tables and analyzed. According to the findings of the research,the authors in the second grade have used 38metaphors to understand abstract concepts,16 lessons and in the third grade 46 metaphors to understand the concepts of 16lessons. Therefore, in each of the foundations, four out of 20lessons are completely devoid of metaphor. This, along with lessons where metaphor is not used, shows that the scattering of metaphors does not follow a regular diagram for use in all lessons; therefore, in a significant number of lessons, this tool has not been used properly. Considering the diversity of the origin domains used, it shows that the authors used 24 types of source domains to understand 23 species of destination in second grade of primary school and 36types of origin for objectifying 35 species of destination in third grade of primary school. As a result, with the advancement of students to higher level and their cognitive development, frequency and variety of metaphor usage in the book of heavenly gifts has increased. It is better to take a balanced look at the frequency and variety of metaphor usage in all courses by authors to facilitate the learning of intangible concepts.

The current research was conducted to design and validate an efficient and consistent model for maintaining and improving the productivity of Farhangian University’ student teachers in the coronavirus situation.

The research method was mixed, consisting of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative part was phenomenology, and the quantitative part was a description of structural equation analysis. The research population included professors, group managers, and educational, cultural, and research vice-chancellors, as well as talented student teachers of Farhangian University in the academic year 1400-1401. The sample people were selected and interviewed in a targeted manner until the theoretical saturation reached 27 people. Thematic analysis was used in data analysis, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. In the quantitative part of the research, the statistical population of the study was 94,726 student teachers across the country; using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, 400 student teachers were selected from five regions of the country (two provinces in each region) and answered the questionnaire. SPSS26 and PLS3 software were used for data analysis.

In the qualitative phase of the research, 201 primary codes (basic concepts), 17 organizing themes, and six comprehensive themes were obtained under the philosophical requirements of productivity, integrated education requirements, technology platform requirements, student-teacher productivity, creativity and innovation, and quality culture based on the codes. The findings showed that philosophical requirements, technology platform requirements, creativity and innovation, and quality culture, apart from the requirements of combined education, directly affected the productivity of student teachers. Also, the requirements of maintaining and improving productivity (philosophical-integrated education-technology platform) in the university through creativity and innovation and quality culture indirectly affect the productivity of student teachers (education, training, and research).Conclusions and suggestions: Educational and research planners of the university can overcome the overall productivity by providing philosophical requirements, integrated education, and a technological platform with a deep understanding of the factors affecting the productivity of student teachers.

Innovation and originality:

 Designing an efficient model of student teachers productivity in the coronavirus situation is considered an innovation in the university.

The main purpose of this qualitative study is to visualize the philosophy program for children (p4c) in Iranian primary education (policy, strategies and practice). The secondary purpose is to examine the informational and practical experiences, perceptions and feelings of specialists and elementary teachers of the representation and possibility of implementing a philosophy program for children in primary education in Iran. The method of qualitative research is phenomenography . Data were collected over two weeks through one-on-one interviews with 8 experts and 13 teachers involved in the FBQ program. Findings in three three-level descriptive categories; Policy-making, strategies, and implementation constitute the outcome space. Most of the interviewees considered these three levels necessary in the implementation of the FBQ program. As a result, this study suggests that phenomenography can be used as an evaluation tool to identify policies, strategies, and practices and to describe their structural aspects, which may serve as the executive framework of the FBQ program from marginal to thematic core and its sensitivity. Move that has never been thought of before. As a result, identifying the above challenges at three descriptive levels in finding solutions and solving obstacles and problems, will facilitate the implementation process and help achieve the goals of the FBQ program in primary education.

This research has been done with an individual evaluative view of combining art with teaching experimental sciences in elementary school. The method of the present research is applied in terms of purpose and developmental in terms of the type of research.

Because the aim is to present a curriculum with a new model, it is done in a descriptive / analytical method and it is also based on "individual evaluative research" with an inferential approach. According to the methodology, the tools of articles, curriculum texts and content-driven sites have been studied and researched.

Findings show that the integrated curriculum is a program in which there is coordination between courses and has a special coherence and unity that leads to comprehensive learning in students. Since art is one of the favorite subjects of elementary school students, according to the research background and in order to strengthen students' better understanding of their environment and the important role it plays in the process of teaching experimental sciences, art is the focus of the integrated curriculum.

because the experimental sciences contain important and significant content and students are often unable to comprehend it, as opposed to art, which is one of the most valuable elementary courses that most students are in favor of it; art can play a significant role in learning important and difficult subjects in the experimental sciences. Evidently, combining art with teaching experimental science in elementary schools seems desirable.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the management of multi-grade of elementary school from the perspective of educational leaders in the cities of Nayr and Sarein in the 2017-18 academic year. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive based on survey method. The statistical population consists of 9 educational leaders and teachers of multi-grade classes of 91 people. The statistical sample size of 74 people was selected using Morgan table and tested by simple random method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information, the validity and reliability of which were calculated. To analyze the data, one-sample t-test and Friedman ranking test was used, which was performed based on SPSS 22 statistical software. The results of the analysis of how to manage multigrade classrooms in elementary school showed that the problems of teachers in managing multigrade classrooms are from medium to high. Successful factors in improving the management of multi-grade classrooms by teachers, clear and explicit instructions from teachers in the classroom have the highest statistical average, and monitoring of all students in multi-grade classrooms has the lowest priority. As a result, it is suggested that educational leaders in multi-grade classrooms of rural schools provide guidance on the effectiveness of these classes in order to solve the problems of teachers in the management of multi-grade classrooms.

The purpose of this study was to understand the philosophical themes of the stories and Persian textbooks of the elementary school. The research method is qualitative, content analysis. The statistical population of the study, the stories and narratives of the Persian textbooks, was the elementary school (from the second to the sixth grade). The statistical sample of the study was targeted in a targeted manner, the content of all Persian stories and narrations. For this purpose, the stories and the anecdote first read and codified, then the axial categories were extracted. Finally, according to philosophical categories (ontology, epistemology, and axiology), each axial category was understood under the philosophical themes. The results of the study showed that the philosophical themes of most of the categories can be explained by epistemology and valuation and, in some cases, ontology has been considered. Consequently, according to the results of these stories and stories, it is necessary to review and re-translate the "Philosophy for Children" program.

In order to better understand ‘quality culture’ in the Farhangian University, the ‘grounded theory’ helps us develop a particular conceptual model for the teacher training system in our country, and, this model will provide a proper understanding of quality for the society. The sample of this study includes 23 faculty members of universities and research institutes. Three tools were used to collect the data, namely, interview, taking notes, and review of documents. The data were analyzed through content-analysis method. In the first stage of open coding, 784 concepts were obtained. In the second stage, the data were classified in the form of 120 concepts and 45 categories. In the stage of axial coding, 10 core categories were obtained. In the selective coding stage too the 10 core categories were promoted to the higher abstract level and were classified based on conditional, interactive/procedural and consequential characteristics.
The three fundamental categories of quality culture in this university are dividable to inputs (development of quality culture), processes (enablers), an outputs (the issue of improvement of quality) and the university will witness a fundamental change towards improvement of quality by moving towards this model.

Due to the importance of psychological capital (PsyCap) in the individual and organizational life of human beings, we attempted to explore this concept along with its four components (i.e. self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resiliency) through a descriptive-analytic approach by using the valuable treasur of Nahjolbalaghe and Imam Ali’s Words. Some consistent as well as some inconsistent cases were observed through this exploration in terms of the components of PsyCap. Based on this observation and in line with the construct under scrutiny (i.e., PsyCap) some guidelines were presented. The findings also asserted that the inconsistency observed is primarily rooted in different life styles followed in Muslims and non-Muslims countries. Based on Imam Ali’s Words, ‘spirituality’ was added to the components of PsyCap which has not been touched upon in the studies conducted to date.