فهرست مطالب seyed musa hosseini

Identification of the most effective indicators as well as the effect of spatial and temporal differences on the yield of rainfed chickpeas in major cultivation areas of Kermanshah province were the main objectives of this research. A map of major rainfed chickpea cultivation areas in the province was drawn by crop statistics. Then, the farms of this crop were extracted using the digital map layer of chickpea fields on the received images of Modis sensor from 2000 to 2021. In the next step, 9 plant spectral indices for chickpeas over the four climatic regions of Kermanshah in the flowering growth stage were calculated during a period of 22 years. These 9 spectral indices, together with the variable of total precipitation as independent variables and yield data as a dependent variable entered into the stepwise regression model. The results showed that NDVI and precipitation indices are the most effective indices of yield variability during flowering stage of chickpea in Kermanshah. Furthermore, NDVI, PVI and SAVI indices in the cities of Islamabade Gharb, Dalahou and Songhar are the most effective indices during the studied period, respectively. The results of validation revealed that the statistical model of Kermanshah city was more accurate than other cities. The correlation coefficient of the statistical model for estimating chickpea yield in this city was 0.69 with a standard error of 84 kg/ha-1. In addition, the relative deviation values of the statistical model of this city were less than other models.

The flood phenomenon as a hydro-climatic event and one of the most important natural hazards in Iran, the preparation of maps of areas vulnerable to this danger in urban areas is one of the most important concerns of environmental crisis planners. To achieve this goal, researchers must use appropriate data and hydrology models with the best efficiency. In fact, one of the most important issues affecting the results of various hydrological models that determine the risk areas of floods is the role of digital elevation model and roughness factor. Roughness factor coefficient is one of the important characteristics in studying the characteristics of river flow, and determining the appropriate roughness coefficient that represents the real conditions of the river is of special importance. In this study, the HEC-RAS model was used in WMS software, which used the most practical hydrological models. In this model, the effect of digital elevation model with different resolution and sensitivity of the model to determine the Manning roughness coefficient in the exact area of flooded areas (flooding levels) in the model output has been investigated. The study area of this study is the Kashkan River watershed with an area of 9276 km, part of which has been studied. The results of this study show that increasing the resolution of the digital elevation model in determining the vulnerable areas of flooding is very effective in the accuracy of this model, reducing the accuracy of the range is very low so that it does not correspond to environmental reality. The HEC-RAS-WMS model was also sensitive to changes in the Manning roughness factor and in order to determine the flood zones in this model, the changes in the roughness factor must be carefully adjusted. the importance of this issue, researchers in this field should be careful enough to use the data used in such topics to have the results of appropriate application in urban and regional planning.

The beginning of the 21st century was accompanied by pervasive and continuing crises. One of the priorities of the contemporary world is how to deal with these crises. Based on our wise leader statements Qassem Soleimani lifestyle, as one of the most prominent influential figures in maintaining and stabilizing the security of the country and the Middle East, and his school is suggested to be followed. Emam khameneii also emphasizes on seven general and basic pillars of the forty-year record of the revolution. He prioritizes stability and security of the country and territorial integrity and defense of borders. This study investigates the development of security and geography of Mazandaran based on the school of Shahid Soleimani in the horizon of the second step of the Islamic Revolution. The present study is a documentary and library study and refers to various articles and sites. This study, first, investigates the security in the geography of Mazandaran and the school of Shahid Soleimani. Shahid Soleimani's school is studied after explaining the second step of the revolution.

The purpose of this study is the spiritual intelligence of employees and its effect on the professional ethics of managers. This research has been done with a descriptive correlational approach through the distribution of 214 questionnaires among the staff of the Mazandaran Police Command. The standard questionnaire of spiritual intelligence and the standard questionnaire of professional ethics were used to collect research data. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by respected professors and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach''s alpha formula for the spiritual intelligence questionnaire of 0.79 and the professional ethics questionnaire of 0.86, respectively. To analyze the data, correlation, regression and Friedman test using SPSS software were used. Findings show that spiritual intelligence and its components, except for critical existential thinking, have a positive and significant effect on professional ethics at the NAJA level. Among the dimensions of spiritual intelligence, the dimension of state development had the highest and the dimension of existential critical thinking had the lowest correlation coefficient with professional ethics. Also, the fifth test based on Friedman test shows that awareness with a coefficient of 3.16 is in the first priority, as a result, it has the greatest effect on professional ethics. The coefficient of 1.89 is in the fourth and final rank, therefore it has the least effect on professional ethics in NAJA.

The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between organizational structure and organizational development. The present study is a correlation in terms of applied purpose and descriptive research method. Robins Standard Organizational Structure Questionnaire (1989) and Peter and Crawford Standard Organizational Development Questionnaire were used to collect data. The statistical population of this study included all employees of the Disciplinary Command Headquarters of Mazandaran Province, numbering 485 people, which is a statistical sample based on Cochran's formula; 214 people. In order to inferentially analyze the data, SPSS software, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression and Friedman test were used. The test results show that there is a significant relationship between organizational structure and its components with organizational development. Also, according to Friedman test, the fourth hypothesis is that concentration with a coefficient of 2.29 is in the first priority, therefore it has the most relation with organizational development, and then complexity with a coefficient of 2.26 in the second priority and formality with a coefficient of 1.46 is in the third and final rank. With organizational development in NAJA.

The effect of Urban Development on Watershed Hydrological Properties (case study: Tajrish Watershed)
Throughout the human history, societies and rivers have been closely linked, so that the human civilization began from the riverside (Stevaux et al. 2009 (. The quantitative and qualitative characteristic of river is vulnerable to land-use changes (Kang et al. 2010). Natural and urban watersheds are influenced by the rapid land use change due to urban development (Furusho et al. 2013). Hence the importance of land use as an environmental variable have made its changes as a major issue in environmental changes and sustainable development) Verburg et al. 2009).
The development of urbanization and industrialization of cities and communities have undesirable effects on the hydrological response of watersheds. It increases the magnitude of runoff and contamination, reduces the base flow and the groundwater recharge. Hence, urban authorities are urged to pay more attention to the environmental damaging effects of the urbanization process and the increase of construction. In this regard, attention should be paid to the effect of type of land cover and land use on urban runoff and hydrological changes in surface flow. Tehran as the largest metropolis in Iran has ascending trend of land cover and land use changes due to the growing population.
In this research, the effect of urban development on the hydrological characteristics of the Tajrish sub-watershed (in Darband watershed) located north of Tehran has been investigated. Results of this study indicated that the river Darband is exposed to hydrological hazard due to human need for space and land use and land cover changes. The studied area is affected by decreasing pervious area, increase of runoff coefficient, and change in water quality parameters.
Darband River watershed consists of two streams of Darband and Golabdareh which are considered as the major rivers of the Tehran-Karaj Basin. This river originates from the mountains of the Tochal located in northern Tehran. The catchment area of Darband River in the studied area is 39.88 square kilometers.
In this study, aerial photos of years 1345, 1358 and also   and IkONOS images in year 2011 were used to detect the changes in land cover and land use in the Tajrish watershed. Pas-Ghale sub-watershed in upstream of Tajrish was selected as benchmark since its land use doesn't affected by human interventions. SCS-CN method developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) was used to estimate the quantitative changes in surface storage and runoff volume. Man-Kendall test was used for temporal trend detection of discharge and chemical parameters of surface water and also. The change of water type was identified annually using the Piper diagram in the aqQA software. Frequency analysis was carried out for peak discharge data using the weibull’s empirical method.
During three considered periods, the curve numbers (CN) and runoff coefficient (C) in Tajrish watershed significantly increased. Significant trend was also observed for the chemical parameters of surface flow in Tajrish. While the surface storage and initial abstraction ratio (λ) indicate decreasing trend.  Relationships of CN and λ with rainfall depth (P) were also computed for both studied watersheds. According to the Piper diagram, the distribution of ions in the cation diagrams at both Maghsudbeik and Pasghaleh stations is generally more directed toward sodium. In the triangles of anions, both of the stations studied tend to show more calcium biocarbon content. Presence of sodium ion in the surface water is due to igneous formations in the watershed. The surface water in Pasghale station, indicate a neutral type of water. Whereas, saline water type is detected in the Maghsudbeik station. The increase of urban utilization over the past three decades could be the main cause of changes in the hydro chemical characteristics and water type along the Darband River.
Investigation of land use changes in the Darband watershed indicate that the impervious surface has increased during years of 1996 to 2011. Results also indicate that the CN and λ values in Pas-ghale watershed are more correlated to Pin compared with ones observed in Tajrish. The results also reveal that hydrological modeling in watersheds undergoes land use changes and urbanization will result in imprecision results.
 Many chemical parameters of the water quality of Darband River have been increasing at the Maghsudbeik station such as Chlorine, sulfate, sodium, electric conductivity and TDS and in the coming years, it can be considered inappropriate in terms of agriculture in the water class.
 
Keywords: Darband River, land cover and land use, Piper diagram, SCS-CN.

Damghan Cheshmeh-Ali spring with average daily discharge of 140 lit/s plays main role in supplying the domestic and agriculture water demands in this area. In this study, daily precipitation and discharge data series from 2001-2010 were used for investigating of hydrological characteristics of the karst aquifer connected to this spring. Mangin’s classification method indicates that the unsaturated zone of the Cheshmeh-Ali karst aquifer has more karstification degree compared to the saturated zone. Cross correlation analysis between cumulative rainfall (daily to 360 days) and daily spring discharge data indicated that the rainfall series of current day to 300 days have more correlation with the spring flow in current day. In addition, frequency analysis of drought hydrological carried out on the spring low flow and with duration of 3, 7, and 10 days indicated that discharge with probability of 99% is obtained as 350, 262, and 213 lit/s respectively for duration of 3, 7, and 10 days. Whereas, significant difference is observed between the predicted discharge with periods of 3, 7, and 10 days for less than 5 years return duration.