فهرست مطالب seyede zahra ghaemi

Hysterosalpingography is a vital diagnostic method for identifying anatomical causes of infertility, often used as a cost-effective screening test. This study aimed to investigate hysterosalpingography results in infertile women.

A quantitative, descriptive, and analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 infertile couples referred to Ghadir Maternal and Child Hospital in Shiraz, Iran between February and July 2015-2016. Data were collected from patient records and hysterosalpingography findings. A questionnaire encompassing demographic information and hysterosalpingography results was utilized. Qualitative and quantitative variables were described using frequency and mean± standard deviation. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Chi-square, and generalized linear models via IBM SPSS version 22.

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) revealed that 145 women (80.6%) exhibited normal uterine and tubal findings, while 35 women (19.4%) displayed abnormal results (classified as normal and abnormal HSG findings). Women with abnormal hysterosalpingography were observed to have a higher likelihood of primary infertility (OR=3.8, 95%CI (1.427-10.10), P=0.008). Furthermore, the study assessed the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) and identified that women in the abnormal HSG group had a higher body mass index (OR=0.89, 95%CI (0.794-0.992), P=0.035).

Tubal adhesion stemming from undiagnosed and untreated sexual infections can lead to primary infertility. Limited resources may hinder timely detection and treatment access, exacerbating the issue. The correlation between obesity and infertility could be attributed to an unhealthy lifestyle in low-income families. Encouraging health education within low to middle-income communities is recommended to prevent sexually transmitted infections and promote healthier lifestyles, ultimately reducing the incidence of primary infertility.

One unprecedented year after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic is no longer a short-term stressor; the unremitting/chronic effects of COVID-19 disease is likely to cause impaired physical and mental health upon population and the implemented public health and social measures to limit transmission and reduce mortality and morbidity from COVID-19 expose many people to social isolation, job loss, and economic recession. This study aims to compare mental status and four mental symptoms (somatization, anxiety, depression, and social functions) between two periods during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Current study consists of two cross-sectional mental health surveys on the Iranian adult population carried out in two periods of March to April 2020 and December 2020 to February 2021 in two important Provinces of Iran (Fars and Khorasan Razavi). In the first survey, 1337 individuals participated in the study and completed the General Health Questionnaire-28, while in the second survey, 1205 participants completed the same questionnaire.

Among 1337 participants of the first survey, there were 876 (65.5%) females and 461 (34.5%) males with an average age of 37.41±10.58 years. In the second survey, there were 1205 participants with mean age of 33.79±19.57 years. The rates of females and males were 57.7% and 42.3%, respectively. Compared to the first survey, the second one showed that poor mental health condition that was 1.40 (95% confidence interval: 1.17- 1.67) times higher based on the age, sex, education, marital status, economic, alcohol, cigarette, water-pipe, and sedative (P<0.001).

Poor mental health status has increased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic was a chronic stressor faced by people every day; therefore, more robust mental health-related considerations must be implemented.

Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities are the most challenging groups of individuals among exceptional people. In this regard, the main responsibility lies with the parents, tutors, psychologists, and nurses. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cognitive flexibility training on reducing cognitive problems in adolescents with intellectual disabilities.
The present quasi-experimental study used a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The participants included 40 female students aged 13-18 years who attended special schools in the city of Shiraz, Iran. Data were collected using the Wisconsin Card Scoring Test (WCST) and the Test for Severe Impairment (TSI). The data were analyzed through SPSS software (version 18.0), using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of covariance analysis.
After moderating the pretest scores, cognitive flexibility training showed to have a significant effect (P<0.05) on reduction of cognitive impairment. The effect of cognitive flexibility training on reducing cognitive impairment was 70.2%. Moreover, the training used also had a significant effect (P<0.05) on reduction of motor impairment, language comprehension impairment, language processing, memory impairment, and general knowledge by 33.7%, 10.4%, 14.8%, 28.6%, and 11%, respectively. The results showed that the cognitive flexibility training did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on reduction of impairment in abstract conceptualization.
It was revealed that 13-18-year-old adolescents with intellectual disabilities who attended a total of 15 training sessions had fewer cognitive problems such as motor function, language comprehension, language processing, memory, and general knowledge.

Fertility issues after cancer have recently received great attention. This study was designed to review the impacts of breast cancer treatment on fertility.

This study is a narrative review. Textbooks as well as electronic databases including ProQuest, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and MEDLINE were comprehensively searched for scientific literature. The search strategy was based on keywords: "Fertility", "Childbearing", "Breast Cancer Survivorship", "Reproductive Issues". A total of 270 titles and abstracts were recognized through searching. Studies, which focused on medical or biological consequences and included premenopausal women or subjects younger than 50 years, were eligible for review. After removing duplicates, studies focused on patients who were not in their reproductive age, and studies with stereotyped results, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. The articles were screened with regard to their titles and types. The abstracts which best fitted the inclusion criteria were checked for eligibility, and then their full texts were read. To guarantee the consistency of the retrieved information, the data was independently extracted from each study by all the authors, and then was entered to the standardized tables.

Long-term fertility dysfunctions happen in most patients under cancer treatment. Also, breast cancer survivors of the reproductive age suffered greater distress over cancer-related infertility.

Counseling methods to obtain information about the risk of treatment on fertility and ways to preserve fertility should be presented early in the treatment.

The function of healthcare workers, particularly nursing staff, in taking care of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, cannot be overemphasized. As the pandem- ic lasts, burnout among the nursing staff needs to be considered as an important challenge. This was aimed to assess the nurses’ burnout and factors affecting this variable.

In this cross-sectional study, Maslach Burnout Inventory was completed by 261 nurses in Shiraz hospitals (Iran) in April 2020. This questionnaire addresses different aspects, including emotional exhaustion, personal achievement, and depersonalization, to determine the intensity of perceived burnout among nurses during the outbreak.

Our data demon- strated that the nurses’ burnout in Shiraz hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic was high (64.6%). Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were observed in 63.6 and 53.3 percent of the participants, respectively. Moreover, the rate of successful personal achievement among these nurses was >97%. Work experience <10 years (P=0.016), hospital ward (P=0.044), the number of deaths observed by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic (P<0.001), and the total number of shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic (P=0.006) had a positive correlation with emotional exhaustion.

Workload and stress resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak seem to be one of the major causes of emotional exhaustion in nurses. The emotional exhaus- tion among nurses must be considered in epidemics, such as COVID-19.

The main aim of this study was to compare serum level of 25- hydroxyl vitamin D [25(OH) D] between women with preeclampsia and normal individuals and birth outcomes. This cross sectional study was conducted on 650 normal primigravida women in their first 24–28 weeks of pregnancy. After 3 months of follow-up, serum levels of 25(OH) D and calcium were measured in 38 preeclampsia women (case) and in 38 normal pregnant (control). In addition, APGAR scores and newborn parameters were evaluated in infants of two groups. Preeclampsia was shown in about 5.84% (38 women) of pregnancies. Comparison of 25(OH) D levels between two main groups showed no significant differences (P> 0.05). Also, the calcium level was lower in preeclampsia women than the normal women (P<0.05). The results revealed a significant correlation between neonatal two groups with regards to gestational age, birth weight, birth length, head circumference and Apgar score in the first minute of birth. Although the difference of 25(OH) D levels between preeclampsia and healthy wom­en is not significant, lower levels of serum calcium were associated with preeclampsia. Also, the newborn parameters improved in the neonates of the control group in comparison to those of the preeclampsia group. This difference might have resulted from mothers’ different health statuses.

Mental health disorders are prevalent in children in all societies. The onset of most mental disorders is in youth (12–24 years of age), but most of the time they are first detected later in life. Poor mental health is strongly related to other health and development concerns so it is common to show high grade of stress, substance use, violence, and depression. The effectiveness of some interventions has been strongly established, although more researches are needed to improve the range of affordable and feasible interventions. The shortage of educational and fiscal policies and the fairly low attention to this subject is the main challenge addressing mental-health needs. Therefore, universal or early intervention programs are needed to develop protective factors by increasing competence or skills, to reduce existing negative behaviors. Moreover child discipline problems can be reduced by school multicomponent intervention strategies and as a result promotion in student’s achievement becomes evident.

Maternal thyroid function alters during pregnancy. Inadequate adaptation to these changes results in thyroid dysfunction and pregnancy complications.. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid diseases in pregnancy and its outcomes in south of Iran.. This prospective study was conducted on 600 healthy singleton pregnant women who aged 18 to 35 years old at 15 to 28 weeks of gestation. We investigated the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions in women. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the effect thyroid dysfunction on obstetric and neonatal outcome.. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels of 0.51, 1.18, 1.68, 2.4, and 4.9 mIU/L were at 2.5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 97.5th percentile in our population. The prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hyperthyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism in all pregnant women was 2.4%, 11.3%, 1.2%, and 0.3%, respectively. In addition, 1.4% of patients had isolated hypothyroxinemia. Clinical hypothyroidism was associated with increased risk of preterm delivery (P = 0.045). Subclinical hypothyroidism had a significant association with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (P = 0.028) as well as low Apgar score at first minute (P = 0.022). Maternal hyperthyroidism was associated with IUGR (P = 0.048).. We revealed that thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy was associated with IUGR and low Apgar score even in subclinical forms. Further studies are required to determine whether early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases, even in subclinical form, can prevent their adverse effect on fetus..

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that onset in the first 3 years of life and led to lifelong disability. Despite the early onset of symptoms, diagnosis of thissyndromedoes not happenuntil severalyears later, somany childrenlosethe opportunityfor earlyintervention. There arevarious toolsforscreening anddiagnosis, buttheirdesign, strengths and weaknesses aredifferent. The aim of this study was assess these tools from various aspects to provide a comprehensive view. This study is a narrative literature review on screeningtoolsof autism. Comprehensive searches of the scientific literature were conducted in textbooks and 8 electronic databases (proquest, wiley, google scholar, SID, Scopus, Web of Science، Science Direct، and Medline) and Pediatric book. language restriction (Persian and English) was applied. The search strategy consisted of keywords and medical subject headings for autism and various screening tests. In this study, 28 screening tests were identified from 1992 to 2014. CHAT is oldest test and the most recent test is CAST The minimum age that can perform the screening is six months that related to ITC. Minimum time of testing was 5 minutes for CHAT and the maximum time was 90-120 minutes for ASIEP-3. RAADS-R test was the highest specificity and specificity (100%) and the lowest specificity was 14% in ESAT test The results of this study indicate that any of the autism screening tools consider specific skill and various aspects of the disease, careful evaluation is need to choose proper test.