seyeyd aliakbar hedayati

Due to the increasing use of nanoparticles and also dietary supplements in aquaculture industry, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation and nanoparticles by investigating polyphenol pre-treatment on the immune indices of common carp skin mucus (Cyprinus carpio) in exposed to silver nanoparticles. 230 fish with mean weight of 15.6±0.4 g were distributed in five treatments without dietary supplementation and no exposure to silver nanoparticles (negative control), without dietary supplementation and exposure to silver nanoparticles (positive control), Fed with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 g of polyphenol/kg of food for 60 days then exposure to 50% lethal concentration of silver nanoparticles for 14 days. The results showed that in treatments fed different concentrations of polyphenol diet during exposure to silver nanoparticles lysozyme activity and soluble protein, total mucosal immunoglobulin level were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In general, silver nanoparticles had adverse effects on common carp. The 0.05 g of dietary polyphenol supplementation had more positive effects on physiological parameters of common carp in exposed to silver nanoparticles.

Importance of the fish health diagnosis will be confirmed by aquaculture industrial development. Blood indices are useful biomarkers to assess the physiological status of aquaculture in response to applied stress and the changes in the fish body exactly in response to pollutants. In this study the lethal concentration of lead was determine in the 38.09 ppm through calculation of carp exposed to lead chloride at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours with the probit analysis, then in a separate experiment, fish were exposed at the acute and subacute treatments of lead chloride for 96 hours (10 and 50 percent of LC50 96h) and a control group each with 3 replicates were placed.After sampling, hematological and biochemical indices such as hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell, total number of white blood cells and red and differential count of blood cell, glucose, cortisol and total protein were studied. The results showed a significant reduction in red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin and an increase in the number of neutrophils by increasing the concentration of the toxin (P<0.05). Also it was significantly increased of glucose, cortisol observed in biochemical parameters and also a significant reduction in total protein (P<0.05). As a result, it can be stated that heavy metal lead could have physiological lesion and secondary stress response in fihses even under sub acute concentrations.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Padina astraulis on some growth indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Accordingly, 250 fry carp of common carp with average weight of 20 g were distributed in four treatments including: commercial diet (control), algae with 0.5 % (diet 1), algae with 1 % (treatment 2) and algae with 2% (treatment 3) for 42 days. Fish biometric data were used to study the growth indices at the beginning, the middle and the end of the experiment. Results of data analysis at the end of the period showed that the highest percentage of weight gain and specific growth rate were in type 2 however the lowest one was at control group, but there was no significant difference between treatments (P> 0.05). Also, the highest feed conversion ratio was observed in the control group and the lowest was in treatment 2 but there was no significant difference between treatments (P> 0.05). According to the results, it seems that the use of padina algae with concentrations used in this study could improve the growth indices of common carp, although this improvement was had not significantly different.

Sturgeons are considered to be the most valuable fish in the world and the Caspian Sea. the Collapse of the former Soviet Union and the uncertain division of the Caspian Sea unfortunately have led to environmental problems, as well as an increase in illegal fishing, has led to a significant reduction in the valuable species of the Caspian Sea. In spite of various management inconsistencies, advising and managing the Islamic Republic of Iran after the glorious victory of the Islamic Revolution led to the adoption of uniform policies of the Caspian Sea administration, which can be used to control sturgeon fishing and increase the rebuilding of their reserves. After the glorious victory of the Islamic Revolution, significant activities have been undertaken in this area, including: the restoration of reserves and the release of infants to the sea, the cultivation of sturgeon in unconventional domestic waters and cages, increasing research centers and universities with the management of sturgeon stocks management and Introducing the precious Persian dish. Altogether, in spite of various management inconsistencies, the advisory and management of the Islamic Republic of Iran led to the adoption of uniform policies of the Caspian Sea administration, which could be used to control sturgeon fishing and increase the rebuilding of reserves. Between countries of the Caspian Sea, only Iran has been trying to solve this crisis, which is a significant reduction of sturgeon fish. Many activities, including the construction of reproduction and restore of sturgeons from Iran, have been carried out in this area, which could lead to worthy result.

An annual survey of benthos fauna in a river can provide accurate information on contamination levels for other researchers. According to the entering of municipal and agricultural wastewater into the Gorganroud River, the purpose of this study was a determination of the composition, abundance, and diversity of the benthic communities in this river as a part of the nutritional levels of this aquatic ecosystem. This study was conducted in 5 different stations on a monthly basis during a one-year sampling period between 2009-2010. Sampling operation was carried out using a Surber sampler (With an area of 1600 centimeters) with 3 replications. Based on the results, 3 phyla and 16 genera of benthos fauna were identified that annelids, arthropods, and mollusks had 3, 4 and 9 genera, respectively. The highest biodiversity of 2.67 and 0.86 was in obtained autumn and the lowest biodiversity with a seasonal mean of 2.16 and 0.81 was obtained in summer. Based on the comparison of benthic communities, the average density of the final benthos assemblages of four seasons in the determined stations was significantly different (P<0.05), but the average density of the seasons was not significantly different (P>0.05). According to these results, there was no significant difference between temperature, dissolved oxygen, and acidity level of different stations (P>0.05), and depth showed the significant difference between different stations (P<0.05). Also, correlation analysis of water factors and density of benthos communities showed a lack of correlation between them at different stations (P> 0.05).

Aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of pre-treatment of bacteria pediococcus acidilactici and oligosaccharideRaffinose on carcass composition of Goldfish (carassius auratus) in exposure to nano silver. Accordingly, 250 fish with an average weighing of 26.3±0.18 fed for 6 weeks in four treatments and each treatment with three replications including diet without food supplement (control 1), probiotic diet of bacteria with a concentration of 107 colonies per gram (treatment 2), food containing probiotic Raffinose (1 g/kg) and synbiotic (treatment 4). After the end of the feeding period, 50% of the nano-silver concentration (0.5 mg/L) was exposed to the treatments for 14 days and at the end of the 14-day exposure, carcass sampling was performed. At the end of the experiment, analysis of data showed that there was no significant difference in the moisture content, ash, protein and carcass fat among the treatments (P>0.05). However, in some indices, such as moisture, protein and ash, there were increased trend in synbiotic treatment, but this increase was not significant (P>0.05). Regarding the results of this study and the lack of meaning of relevant indices in these treatments, it seems that using studied supplements with this concentration does not had an appropriate effect on the studied indices.

Ongoing ecological study of the Caspian Sea, in particular distribution, identifying the species composition and regional variations, seems to be necessary before any study. In order to, in present study, the replacement of benthic groups in the Gorgan Bay and southeastern basin of the Caspian Sea (Golestan province) was studied and compared with the results obtained in previous studies. The results of the study of benthoses showed that the polychaete worms, oligochaete worms, nematodes, chironomidae worms, bivalvias and amphipoda crustaceans constitute the main benthic founa of the ecosystem. These results indicate a very inadequate quality status in the studied areas. The results of the comparison with other previous studies also showed that factors such as the input of organic and inorganic pollutants, inappropriate disposal of wastes, the closure of the main channels of the Caspian Sea and the lack of ventilation of the ecosystem, the construction of inappropriate fishing facilities and etc. caused the hypertrophy conditions and a significant reduction in density and diversity of benthoses in these areas.

In this study, the resistant effect of lactobacillus to silver nanoparticles were exposed on gill tissue of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish without probiotic and six-week treated groups with probiotics level A (106 coliforms/ml) and probiotics level B (107 coliforms/ml) were exposed with sub-lethal concentrations of nanosilver for ten days. Tissue damage were investigated by comparison with control samples and available resources, and caused identify damages were taken by microscope equipped with a camera photos. The results showed that lesions such as blood cells penetration, cellular edema, hypertrophy in treatments, and lumps epithelium of secondary Lamella treatment was observed only under the influence of silver nanoparticles, however connecting of adjacent lamella was only affect in fish under the influence of probiotics and combination of prebiotics and silver nanoparticles had also Epithelial hypertrophy lesion. In conclusion, probiotic levels had not ability of improve lesion cause with silver nano particles, even they also caused more lesions in gill, however it was less than nano silver lesions.