seyyed hasan tabatabaei

Sleep is a complex and wonderful phenomenon that has long been the focus of human attention and has occupied his mind. And it has an important and special place in the religion of Islam. Islamic scholars had a special interest in the category of dreams and they created rich and fruitful works in this field. Since the knowledge and awakening of human beings is one of the goals of mystics and mystical texts, the category of sleep and awakening has always been important to them. This article examines sleep and awakeness in Rumi's Masnavi, following the Quranic verses and Islamic traditions, considers sleep and awakeness to be an important matter and considers it to have different types and functions. In his Masnavi, Rumi does not talk about sleep in detail and regularly wherever necessary, He uses sleep and wakefulness as a tool in the service of his mystical goals In his view, the world is like a dream and the hereafter is like an awakeness that we try in this articleLet's look at these two functions of sleep and awakeness from his point of view.

Imagination creates an infinite atmosphere in the poet's mind that leads to his creativity and artistic expression. The core of poetic thinking is rooted in the poet's imagination; Because it shows the poet's attitude towards the world and its surroundings. This element is considered to be the main building block of lyrical and epic literature. The lyrical-epic poem of Vargheh and Galshah Ayouqi has been written following the structure and story of Arwa and Afra in Arabic, and according to its Arabic origin, it has revealed many cultural and social elements of the mentioned society. On the other hand, in the illustrations of this work, the system of imagination has been used in the form of nested systems and by using symbols with positive and negative evaluations. The main purpose of this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, is to study and discover the imaginary system of Vargheh and Galshah systems based on Gilbert Durand's model. The results show that the system of imagination in this system, both in terms of positively valued symbols (ascending, spectacular and separating) and in terms of negatively valued symbols (falling, darkness and animal) indicates that an accident story is made and told in a completely primitive land with a special Arab cultural and social structure; Therefore, from this perspective, the system of imagination and the events of the story are in perfect harmony with each other.

More understanding of root water uptake (RWU) can lead us to discharge the irrigation water in soil in a water stress condition. The main objective of this research is measurement of RWU by Bean in a water stress condition. A completely randomized design was employed in greenhouse condition concerning four treatments and four replications. The treatments were FI: full irrigation as control, DI80: deficit irrigation with 80% of ETC, DI60 and DI50. Soil depth divided to four equal layers. RWU calculated by soil water balance technique. The results show that minimum soil water difference observed in Layer number four in both FI and DI80. The difference was greater in DI60 and DI50 both in layer number four and three. The maximum RWU was measured 11.8 mm/day in control and it was equal to 5.9 mm/day in DI50 as minimum. The average RWU were decreased 8.11, 26.5 and 33.84 percent in DI80, DI60 and DI50, respectively in comparison with the control where it was significant in five percent level. The portion of Layer 1 and 2 in RWU was 84.2, 77.36, 70.37 and 63.69 in FI, DI80, DI60 and DI50, respectively.