sh. pazooki

In Schleiermacher’s theological system, the concept of Feeling (Gefühl) has a significant role and the foundation of Religious Experience, in his view, is based on it. In this article, the most important question is related to the concept of Feeling from Schleiermacher’s viewpoint with emphasis on his works up to 1792 C.E. Schleiermacher lived in a time when philosophers were faced with a kind of metaphysics and theology, that was so different from those of antiquity and the middle ages. Although the main themes of philosophy, such as God, the soul and its immortality, had not lost their focus; philosophers, looked at them from a different perspective, and this led to a revelation in the systems of Scholastic Theology. On the one hand, Schleiermacher is known as a famous priest, and on the other hand, he is known as a philosopher who is influenced by Kantian philosophy. He seeks to redefine religion according to the concept of “Feeling” in his philosophical theology to rescue it from its decline into Kantian morality. In his early treatises, under the influence of Aristotle and Greek philosophers, and the Kant’s transcendental philosophy, he tries to save Christian theology from the domination of Kant’s ideas and Enlightenment rationalism.

Menorah, one of the most prominent symbols of Jewish religion, has its origin in the Bible, and is believed by Jews that it is made by Moses for the Ark of Covenant, according to the God's command. Menorah was the most popular symbol of Judaism till Middle Ages and it is evident in graffiti and mosaics of synagogues, container engravings, stone carvings, graves of the dead, stone sarcophaguses, glassworks and etc. Focusing on consideration of the symbol’s origins and roots leads us to a wide range of meanings like the roots of Bible itself and the impressions this religion has got from the oldest ancient civilizations. In most religions and also in Judaism the presence of God is accompanied by lite or fire which are the symbols of awareness and wisdom. Such that one of its main meanings is considered to be the symbol of God’s presence and the lite of his recognition. Menorah also is considered to be the symbol of tree of life, tree of knowledge, the seven planets, seven heavens, seven days of creation, seven archangels and etc. Some experts relate its design to fertility goddesses and the sacred trees which are the symbols of those goddesses.

Mystics and Sufis believe that the hadith, as the book of Allah, has an appearance and a reality. A very important point is the meta-historical and hermeneutic view of the mystics in confrontation of mystical and Sufi hadiths which is due to their kind of view. They believe that the way of the hadith narrators, which noted more on the hadith evidence, excludes hadith from perception its contents. For example, the narrative of Adam’s creation on God’s image which the first time mentioned in Genesis, is one of the documentation of Sufis, Considering that this teaching was first mentioned in Bible, jurists and hadith narrators, consider it as an adaptation from Jewish heritage, giving it the title of the Isra'iliyyat (attributing to Israil), and consider it spurious hadiths. While from the sight of Mystics, in all Abrahamic religions, this belief that God created Adam in his Image or truth, is a principle and spiritual truth and the fact that in one (Judaism) it is explicitly mentioned in the old testament, and in another (Islam), the same phrase is not mentioned in the Qur'an but in narrative was seen, cannot be a reason for its spurious.