sharareh ghasemi

In order to understand the evolutionary process of agriculture and the diversity of plant species based on the Archeaobotanical studies obtained from the ancient site of Kor river basin in Fars region, this article has investigated and researched from the Neolithic period to the Bronze Age. The obtained evidences indicate the cultivation of cereals such as wheat (Triticum) and barley (Hordeum) in this region. In addition to seeds, the presence of sickle blades and food storage vessels in the Lapoei period of Fars also tells about the agricultural activities and its importance in the life of the people of ancient Fars. In addition to cereals, a large amount of car plants were also identified, some of which were probably used as medicinal plants. The presence of plants in the category of legumes, such as green peas (Pisum sativum), vetch (Vicia sativa) and lentils (Lens culinaris) can indicate the distribution and diversity of plant species in the Kor river basin, which is confirmed by today's environmental conditions. In the Bronze Age, plants with fruit categories such as pistachios , almonds and grapes were also evidences that showed the recognition and use of different types of agricultural products by humans. The evidence shows that the oldest period in the Kor river basin located in Rahmat Abad Tape, cultivated plants included cereals such as wheat, barley and legumes. In addition to grains, the inhabitants of this period also used wild fruits available in the region, such as pistachios and almonds.

This paper proposes a method based on the artificial intelligence reinforcement Q-learning algorithm and paired comparison technique to solve the problem of health monitoring devices shortage in airlines. In this research, Kish Airline destinations considered as a case study. By considering the importance of continuing air travels during covid-19 pandemic, one of the most effective ways for decreasing the risk of COVID-19 infections in air travels is establishing the health monitoring stations at the airport gates. In view of the enormous number of airports and airlines routes, nationwide coverage of them by health monitoring stations is unimaginable. Therefore, in this paper, artificial intelligence reinforcement Q-learning algorithm functionality in estimating the risk of infecting the COVID-19 virus was considered for the Kish Airline destinations. Furthermore, the optimal policy for the distribution of the health monitoring devices is designed based on the computational model.

This paper proposes a risk assessment method for estimating theCOVID-19 Infection risk index in flight destinations based on the pair wise comparison method to solve the problem of health monitoring devices shortage in airlines. In this research, Kish Airlines flight destinations are considered as a case study. By considering the importance of continuing air travel during COVID-19 pandemic, one of the most effective ways for decreasing the risk of infection to COVID-19 in air travel is establishing health monitoring stations at the airport gates. Because of the enormous number of airports and airline routes, nationwide coverage of them by the establishment of the health monitoring stations is unimaginable. Therefore, in this paper, the pair wise comparison method used for evaluating COVID-19 infection risk index in selected flight destinations and to evaluate the optimal policy for allocation of health monitoring equipment in Kish Airline destinations a geostatistical map is designed based on the calculated infection risk score.

Nowadays, astrobiology, as an interdisciplinary science in the field of space futures studies, has been widely considered by futurists and planning for future scenarios has received special attention. This article introduces the knowledge of future studies, as well as living in space with regard to the development of interdisciplinary sciences. Futurology is a scientific method for examining the future and adapting to scientific and technological leaps. Understanding possible scenarios for future is required for recognizing and building it. Therefore, Astrobiology is one of the most influential interdisciplinary sciences in the future of mankind and is influenced by developments in line with biology and aerospace engineering. In this regard, space organizations have different plans aiming to send humans to the moon and to the planet Mars. Therefore, the plan to grow plants in space in the form of space farms is one of the future visions of human beings leading to human progress in various sciences.

Manned space missions account for a large proportion of future space travel missions.Van Allen radiation belts are major challenges of space missions with an astrobiology approach. In general, every living-being in space is affected by cosmic rays and solar charged particles. The amount of this radiation in two areas around the Earth, named Van Allen belts is significant. For example, planets exposed to radiation stress, due to DNA damage, has destructive effect on its growth, leading to reduced growth and genetic alteration. In this paper, effects of a Van Allen radiation belt on living organisms during space travel are investigated.

Adhesion of composite resins to dentin is crucial in restorative dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate shear bond strength of composite restorations to dentin under different cycling conditions.

Ninety extracted premolar teeth were randomly divided into 9 groups (n=10). The samples were mounted in resin and sectioned to prepare dentin samples. Then the samples were polished with 600-grit silicon carbide sanding sheet, and adhesive types of bonding (5th generation/Ambar, 6th generation/Clearfil SE bond, 8th generation/G-Premio) were applied on them. Afterward, composite resin was bonded to the surface, and cycling was exerted (control: no cycling; thermal cycling: 3000 cycles, 5°C to 55°C; thermal/erosive cycling: thermal cycling and storage in hydrochloric acid, pH = 2.1, 5 minutes, 6 times a day, for 8 days). Shear bond test was done for the specimens. Finally, statistical analysis was done using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (P < 0.001).

G-Premio displayed the most bond strength. No significant differences were observed between Clearfil liner bond and Ambar bond. While significant differences were observed in different cycling conditions. Measured bond strength was reduced by thermal/erosive cycling.

Thermal cycling and thermal/erosive cycling could affect the shear bond strength of composite to dentin. Universal bonding systems can also increase the shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin.

Efforts to reach space is becoming widespread and of great interest to scientists and futurologists. in long time travels human beings are required to supply food in the form of growing plants. Growth of plants is dependent on abiotic environmental factors, such as various stresses. Therefore, abiotic stresses such as gravity and radiation should be investigated for the growth and maintenanceof plants in space. A plant model such as Arabidopsis is used to investigate the response of plants regarding different stresses in space. Therefore, in this paper, gravitational and radiation stresses have been studied on Arabidopsis plant for space travels.

Antibiotic resistance is an alarming development. One of the major causes of antibiotic resistance is the improper prescription of antibiotics. This study sought to assess prescription of antibiotics and corticosteroids following endodontic procedures by general dentists practicing in Qazvin City, Iran. 
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all 108 general dentists practicing in Qazvin City, Iran in 2016. The relevant data were collected using a questionnaire. Then, the obtained data were analyzed via Chi-square test, ANOVA, Independent t-test, and Pearson correlation test using SPSS version 20.
The first and second choice antibiotics prescribed by general dentists for patients not allergic to penicillin were penicillin V (35.1%) and amoxicillin (20.8%). For allergic patients, clindamycin (29.9%) and metronidazole (20.8%) were the first and second choice. Most dentists (44.2%) prescribed antibiotics for cellulitis. In case of persistence of systemic signs/symptoms of infection for more than 2-3 days, 24.7% of dentists prescribed penicillin injection and 23.4% prescribed metronidazole. For life-threatening infections, 44.2% prescribed amoxicillin plus metronidazole and 16.1% prescribed amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. None of the responses for antibiotic prophylaxis were complete. Regarding the administration of corticosteroids, 40.3% preferred extra-oral intramuscular injection and 13% preferred tablets. Regarding contraindications for corticosteroid therapy, 9.1% of dentists gave a correct response. There was no significant correlation between gender and information (P=0.48), but the correlation between age and information was inverse and statistically significant (P=0.04).
The majority of contributed dentists in this study had insufficient information and needed further educational courses in this respect.