sholeh namazi

 Today, tobacco use is considered a pervasive health problem globally, with projections indicating that by 2020, tobacco will account for one in three adult deaths. Despite the well-documented harmful effects of tobacco use and societal expectations for future healthcare providers to lead healthy lifestyles, smoking remains prevalent among medical students.

 In this study, 248 medical students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences were selected. After providing comprehensive explanations and obtaining their consent to participate, each student received a questionnaire comprising two parts: the first part gathered demographic information, while the second part utilized a Likert scale to measure attitudes toward smoking and hookah use.

 In this study, 63.3% of participants were female, 36.7% were male, and the majority (37.1%) were between 21 and 23 years old. Additionally, 89.5% of participants were single. Also, 17.7% had a history of smoking or hookah use, 35.1% had family members who smoked or used hookahs, and 37.1% had friends who smoked or used hookahs. Furthermore, 6.9% had a history of neurological disease, and 11.7% had underlying medical conditions.

 We found statistically significant relationships between attitudes towards smoking and various factors, including gender, personal history of smoking, family history of smoking, presence of smoking or hookah-using friends, place of residence, ethnicity, parents’ level of education, history of chronic disease and grade point average.

Depressive disorder is the second biggest health problem worldwide regarding disability caused by the disease. It is necessary to identify factors influencing the occurrence of depression, especially in parents whose children have an underlying disease. Accordingly, this study investigates the prevalence of depression in parents of children with congenital heart disease (CHD).

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021-2022 via the available sampling method on 88 parents of children under 12 years old with CHD, confirmed by a pediatric cardiologist. The Beck questionnaire was used to record the level of depression. Analysis of quantitative data was done with the independent sample t-test and analysis of variance. Statistical analysis was performed in the SPSS software, version 26.

In this study, the mean age of the participants was 36.31±6.1 years, of which 59.1% were women. The result of the study showed that 51.1% of parents had children with CHD without depression, 22.7% had mild depression, 21.6% had moderate depression, and 4.5% had severe depression. Also, the findings of our study showed that the mean score of depression in people under 40 years old, in women, and in persons with a history of depression was significantly higher than in other people. However, the mean score of depression had no statistically significant difference based on the history of underlying disease, smoking, history of addiction, education, and type of CHD.

Depression in parents of children with CHD has a high prevalence, which requires increasing the mental healthcare of parents during the period of children’s involvement, and with proper treatment improved the mental health of parents.

Mental diseases are one of the problems in communities. People with mental health disorders face premature death. More than 700000 deaths occur due to suicide annually. Accordingly, considering the high prevalence of suicide and the importance of drug and alcohol abuse in this incidence, this research investigates the amount of drug, stimulants, and alcohol abuse in hospitalized patients who attempted suicide in Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas City, Iran, in the second half of 2022.

This descriptive-cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted on 193 patients who were admitted to Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas City, Iran, with a diagnosis of suicide. Of this population, 38 patients were considered the statistical population.

According to the results of the survey, the prevalence of drug, stimulant, and alcohol abuse among the participants was 63.2%. Meanwhile, the prevalence of abuse in men was higher than in women. The highest prevalence of abuse was related to married people, and individuals who had an income of 5-10 million Tomans per month had a higher prevalence of abuse. Most of them lived in the city.

The findings demonstrated that the prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse and concurrent drug and stimulant utilization was significantly higher in men compared to women. The mean age of stimulant-using patients was considerably higher; however, there was no difference between the drug alcohol and tobacco groups.

Depression has been a psychological problem in people’s lives for centuries. This disorder has become the basis of other chronic diseases with changes in the person’s lifestyle in the form of reducing physical activity, increasing smoking, appetite, or weight, or creating problems in the optimal control of other diseases accompanied by chronic.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 in the Cardiology Department of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas City, Iran. The data collection tool was a demographic form and the standardized Beck questionnaire.

A total of 63.4% of people were women, and 36.6% were men. Most participants were between 41 and 60 years old and had a bachelor’s degree or were illiterate. Of the studied subjects, 29.2% were smokers, and 31.5% were passive smokers.

Based on age and educational level, there is a strong correlation between smoking and depression in ischemic heart patients.

 Major depressive disorder (MDD) generally occurs together with depression in patients with no history of manic, mixed, or hypomanic episodes. The suicidal ideation in MDD patients is very common and can potentially be considered an emergency circumstance in many cases. Among the developed drugs and medicines, ketamine (KET) is a potential option to treat patients with MDD. This study aims at investigating the effect of KET on the treatment of suicidal ideation and the reduction of the intensity of symptoms in patients suffering from MDD.

 This randomized double-blind clinical trial was performed on 30 patients who suffered from MDD and had suicidal ideation at Ibn Sina Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, during 2016-2017. The patients were divided into two groups: the KET group which received 0.5 mg/kg of intravenous (IV) KET diluted in 500 mL of normal saline over 30 minutes and the control group which received 500 mL of normal saline without KET over 30 minutes.

 According to the statistical analysis, 24 hours after the intervention, suicidal ideation score reached 2.53 and 20.6 in the KET and control groups, respectively. In fact, KET caused a significant reduction in the score of the suicidal ideation (SSI) (SSI<4) in comparison with the control group (P<0.001).

 It was observed that KET can play a key role in the treatment of depression disorders, especially severe and life-threatening forms that require immediate intervention, such as the use of electroconvulsive therapy.

 Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with the most severe and devastating effect on a person’s life. Given that schizophrenia treatments have different effects on the duration of hospitalization and reduction of positive and negative symptoms, we decided to conduct a study to evaluate the duration of hospitalization according to the type of treatment in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in Ebn-e-Sina hospital in Bandar Abbas.

 In this retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study, the files of 75 patients with schizophrenia admitted to the psychiatric ward of Ebn-e-Sina hospital in 2019-2020 were included after obtaining the approval of the ethics committee. A group of patients was treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and typical antipsychotic drugs, and another with ECT and atypical antipsychotic medications until the acute phase of the disease subsided. The patient’s file information was summarized and arranged in a checklist prepared by the researcher and then statistically analyzed using SPSS version 22.0.

 The patients’ most commonly received treatment was typical and atypical antipsychotic medications combined with ECT (60.0%), followed by combination therapy (29.30%), atypical antipsychotic medications (8.00%), and typical antipsychotic medications (2.70%), respectively. Considering the specific objectives of this study, it was found that the mean length of hospital stay in the 4 treatment groups was significantly different (P=0.006).

 The duration of hospitalization in the combined with ECT group was significantly longer compared to the others.

The purpose of the current research was to develop and validate Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire in Iranian women (a case study of women in Tehran). The statistical population included all the women of Tehran city. To select the subjects via interview 18 to 45 years old women whom experienced loneliness feeling were interviewed to saturation point. After 12 interview sessions no new code was extracted. The research method was a combination of quantitative and qualitative procedures. To develop and validate the Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire in Iranian women, the participants were interviewed in the qualitative step. To assess the validation and the reliability of the questionnaire, quantitative and qualitative face validation, content validation ratio, validation content index, confirmatory and expletory factor analysis were applied. The questionnaire reliability was examined by internal consistency and halving method. The results of expletory factor analysis revealed that Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire with 13 items consisted of three factors (family loneliness, individual loneliness and social loneliness) and had proper validity and reliability. The confirmatory factor analysis also affirmed the three factors model. It could be concluded the Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire is authentic and eligible to assess the feeling of loneliness in women.

Objective :

This study aims to determine the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship of distress tolerance and self-compassion with health-promoting behaviors.

Methods:

 The is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2020 on 306 adults in Bandar Abbas, Iran who were selected using a convenience sampling method. The data collection tools were Simmons and Gaher’s distress tolerance scale, Raes et al.’s self-compassion scale, and Walker et al.’s health-promoting lifestyle profile, and Garnefski and Kraaij’s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. The analysis was done using the structural equation modeling.

Results :

Adaptive emotion regulation strategies mediate the relationship of self-compassion and distress tolerance with health-promoting behaviors positively and significantly. The maladaptive emotion regulation strategies only could positively and meaningfully mediate the relationship between distress tolerance and health-promoting behaviors.

Conclusion:

 Considering the role of study variables in promoting health- promoting behaviors, health planners and health providers can take useful steps to improve society’s health.

Objective:

 This study aims to determine the relationship of health-promoting behaviors with stress coping styles mediated by cognitive emotion regulation strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

 This is a descriptive-correlational study, which was conducted in 2019 on 306 adults in Bandar Abbas, Iran who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were a demographic form, Folkman and Lazarus’ ways of coping questionnaire, health-promoting lifestyle profile, and Garnefski et al.’s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Results:

 Cognitive emotional regulation strategies negatively mediated the relationship between emotion-focused coping style and health-promoting behaviors, and positively mediated the relationship between problem-focused coping style and health- promoting behaviors (P<0.001).

Conclusion:

 The results of this study can provide the necessary solutions regarding peoples’ relationships based on the study variables.

The purpose of this study was to test and present a causal model of psychological self-esteem based on self-knowledge and feelings of shame and guilt, with self-critical mediation and compassion in three groups of healthy individuals, autoimmune patients and non-autoimmune patients in Bandar Abbas.

The design of this study is correlational. The statistical population of the present post-event study included 360 patients including 120 patients with autoimmune diseases, 120 patients with non-autoimmune diseases referring to the Great Prophet's Therapeutic Complex in Bandar Abbas in 2019, and 120 healthy individuals. In the present study, autoimmune patients will be selected by simple or accessible sampling (easy sampling). All subjects will complete a self-report questionnaire, personal feelings (shame and guilt), compassion, and self-criticism. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and correlation) were used for data analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, Spearman-Brown split, and Gutman split will be used to determine validity and reliability.

The analyzes of the underlying assumptions of structural equation modeling as well as broader and more sophisticated analyzes will be performed to evaluate the fitness of the proposed model, all of which will be applied through statistical equation modeling, using maximum likelihood estimation. Indirect path relations will also be used by the proposed method of Baron and Kenny and Cohen and Cohen. In the proposed model of the present study, psychological self-destruction based on self-knowledge (dependent variable) as a latent variable, variables of feelings of shame and guilt (independent variable), as exogenous variables and variables of self-compassion and self-criticism, as endogenous or mediating variables defined.

The results showed that feelings of shame and guilt and self-criticism bears a positive and significant relation with self-destruction based on self-knowledge, and self-compassion bears a negative and significant relation with self-destruction based on self-knowledge. The average of feelings of shame and guilt and self-destruction based on self-knowledge in men is higher than women, and the average of self-criticism in women is higher than men. The findings were discussed in accordance with the teleological coherence’s hypothesis in the coordinated function of the immunological, neurological and psychological systems and the basis for designing appropriate cognitive therapies for autoimmune patients.

The results showed a relatively good fit of the data model. The mediating effect of self-criticism and self-compassion on the relationship between self-destruction and feelings of shame and guilt was also confirmed.

Advantages of language teaching and learning in foreign contexts are undisputable. This study intended to check if Reasoning Ability (RA), as a promoted cognitive skill which is emphasized not only in the field of education, but also as an important element of most professions, is cognitively enhanced along with English language learning. To this end, a sample of Iranian primary school children, aged 5-8 years, were selected through purposive sampling and divided into thtree groups; that is, monolingual, bilingual, and limited bilingual children, in order to investigate their RA enhancement during early formal education. Also, a researcher-made psychometric test was used to measure quantitative, visual, nonverbal, matrix, and abstract reasoning of the sample during early primary school education. The results of the analyzed data indicated that the bilingual group outperformed the monolingual and the limited bilingual children in matrix, visual, abstract reasoning and logical thinking. The findings of the study can be used by educational policymakers to reconsider the primary school curriculum, and through holding workshops on streghthening national and religious values help English language instructors to unravel related problems.

Family psychoeducation is considered as an intervention focused on individual rehabilitation of mental disorders through improving the caregiver’s awareness about their family member’s illness, risk factors, and treatment component and relapse prevention strategies.

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of family psychoeducation on patients’ relapse and length of stay in hospital.

In this retrospective study, registered data in the health information management unit, including demographic data, acute symptoms and signs and medical history, was used and sample selection was done through a purposive sampling procedure. Participants consisted of 2192 patients with severe mental disorders admitted to Ibn Sina Psychiatric Hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran since 2009 to 2014. The recipients of psychoeducation comprised all immediate family members of the patients in psychiatric hospital who were available at time of discharge. Subjects were receiving standard pharmacologic treatment and one session of individual family psychoeducation interventions. The psychoeducation was presented by a psychologist and a nurse upon patient discharge day from hospital between 2011 and 2014. The findings including recurrence rate and admission durations were compared with data collected during the three years leading to the intervention (2009 to 2011). Data was assessed through Paired-sample t-test.

The results revealed that receiving psychoeducation by family can positively affect the rate of readmission (t = 41.30, P < 0.001) and the length of stay in hospital (t = 39.10, P < 0.001).

Since psychoeducation of caregivers can be significantly influential in reducing the recurrence rate and duration of hospitalization, it is advisable after discharge for patients suffering from chronic mental disorders.

School education is crucial for personal/social development. To confirm the demand for special education any child is required to be assessed. Instruments that measure children’s intellectual abilities aid teachers to adapt their teaching environments once pupils with special needs are recognized. This correlational study’s intention was developing, validating and implementing a psychometric test to assess reasoning skill among children. Some of the influencing factors such as age, gender and parents’ educational level were meanwhile investigated. Hence, three subtests that assess abstract, quantitative, nonverbal, matrix and visual reasoning were selected under the supervision of scholars of the field to develop a psychometric test whose internal consistency was calculated through Pearson Coefficient Correlation by giving the test to 150 volunteer participants. All the calculated values declared high internal consistency. Then, 222 male and female preschool, first grade and second grade students were selected through multiple stage stratified sampling to participate in the study. Their reasoning ability was compared based on age, gender and parents’ educational level using ANOVA and tukey tests in SPSS22. The findings regarding age and parents’ educational level were controversial: younger children had better reasoning skills also children of fathers with lower academic degrees outperformed their peers. No statistically significant difference was observed regarding gender. Such findings could help educational policy makers and scholars of educational psychology to fill the gaps of educational contents and environments specifically during early school education. The developed instrument assists teachers modify teaching methods and environments to help weaker children flourish cognitively.

Aim of this study was the evaluation of effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on internalized shame and self-criticism of Women with Alopecia Areata disease.

This quasi-experimental study was a pretest-post test with control group, and 45 days follow up. The population were women referred to Dermatology hospital of Payambar Azam Medical and Research Complex of Bandar-Abbas in 2019. After receiving the clinical and diagnostic interview, 40 women with Alopecia Areata disease, were selected randomly and were assigned randomly in two experimental and control groups.

Before starting treatment both groups responded to scales of internalized shame and self-criticism and then the experimental group received compassion-focused therapy in 8 sessions for 90 minutes and control group did not receive any treatment at this time. By post-test and follow-up treatment both groups were evaluated. Mixed analysis of variance showed that group training compassion treatment focused on internalized shame has been effective on experimental group in post-test and follow-up. This training also significantly reduced internal self-criticism and comparative self -critical of experimental group.

Based on the results, compassion-focused therapy can be used as a new intervention method for reducing internalized shame and self-criticism in women with Alopecia Areata disease.

This quasi-experimental study was a pretest-post test with control group, and 45 days follow up. The population were women referred to Dermatology hospital of Payambar Azam Medical and Research Complex of Bandar-Abbas in 2019. After receiving the clinical and diagnostic interview, 40 women with Alopecia Areata disease, were selected randomly and were assigned randomly in two experimental and control groups.

Before starting treatment both groups responded to scales of internalized shame and self-criticism and then the experimental group received compassion-focused therapy in 8 sessions for 90 minutes and control group did not receive any treatment at this time. By post-test and follow-up treatment both groups were evaluated. Mixed analysis of variance showed that group training compassion treatment focused on internalized shame has been effective on experimental group in post-test and follow-up. This training also significantly reduced internal self-criticism and comparative self -critical of experimental group.

Based on the results, compassion-focused therapy can be used as a new intervention method for reducing internalized shame and self-criticism in women with Alopecia Areata disease.

Suicide is a mental health problem. According to the world health organization report, it is the third leading cause of death in people aged 15−29 years. This descriptive study included 666 suicide cases who referred to the emergency unit of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital of Bandar Abbas, Iran during 2008-2014. The required data were analyzed with chi-square and one-way ANOVA tests in SPSS ver. 17.0. The highest average age of those who committed suicide was that of the period 2008-2009, and this average age declined during 2010-2013. The suicide rate was significantly higher in men during 2008-2010, whereas the number of women was considerably larger in the three next years. There were not significantly different regarding marital status. It was higher among singles compared to married and divorced persons. Suicide rates were higher among the unemployed compared to the employed and housewives. Rate of suicide was higher at the age of 16-32-years, and in females, singles, unemployed, and urbanites.

Natural disasters, both expected and unexpected, usually cause widespread injuries and destruction with a large number of survivors, including children. Several studies have shown that children may develop posttraumatic stress disorder after exposure to disasters such as an earthquake.

This study aimed to evaluate the screening abilities of the University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Index for DSM-IV (Revision 1) (UCLA PTSD for DSM-IV) among Iranian school-aged children.

Twenty months after the Qeshm Island 6.1-magnitude earthquake in 2008, we screened 50 students aged between 7 and 12 years for posttraumatic stress disorder using the UCLA PTSD INDEX for DSM-IV. A Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV criteria was used as the gold standard.

The internal consistency for all the scales was good and Cronbach’s coefficient for the overall items was 0.76. The sensitivity of this questionnaire was high (0.96), while its specificity was moderate (0.50).

The study findings showed that the Iranian version of UCLA PTSD Index for DS-MIV-R was appropriate for screening PTSD in children.