فهرست مطالب sina sheikhi

Since the formation of the quasi-modern state in Iran, the lack of a comprehensive approach to the issue of development and the gradual dominance of readings of governance that are defined as state-oriented and asocial have led to the prosperity of the social issue and the collapse of the bio-historical logic of the Iranian society. In this article, while using Parsons's four-level theoretical system and with a neo-functionalist approach, using the descriptive-analytical method and using documentary studies, the conceptual revision of the social issue and its separation from other areas have been discussed. It has been explained that the social issue, due to its centrality in the public and "informal" sphere, is different from the political issue, due to the emphasis on factors such as social justice, public satisfaction, and social trust, from the economic issue, and due to relying on relationships, links and objective roles that They are defined against mental patterns, it is distinguished from the cultural thing. Then, by criticizing theories such as "division of knowledge" and the approach of "methodological individualism", it deals with the most important theoretical causes and the approach that leads to the rejection of the social issue from the theoretical field and its marginalization from the policy-making position, and finally shows the mechanism that is defined. How can we witness the formation of social governance by considering social strains in policy making.

Institutionalized social participation provides the context for the individual's interaction with others in the society in a systematic structure under the name of popular organizations.This participation leads to an increase in social vitality,social capital and social cohesion, and in addition,the target groups of the organizations, such as the deprived classes and the environment, benefit from their activities.The main responsibility of governments towards these groups is to regulate and support their activities.Development plans in Iran are the most important rules for regulating governance in five-year periods.Four levels of decision-making,monitoring,demanding and implementation for social participation are defined in the international models and the Iranian constitution.In this article,the state of social participation in the6th Development Plan and the country has been investigated with a descriptive-analytical method and finally, suggestions have been made to promote institutionalized social participation in the 7th Development Plan based on successful global experiences and the views of social thinkers.In the 6th plan,the three basic levels of participation, i.e. decision-making, monitoring and demanding are weak, and people's organizations have not received proper regulation and support.Pushing participation to the level of its implementation with economic incentives, without proper strengthening and structuring of the public sector,will lead to serious challenges in the country's social structure.To solve these problems, the political and legislative logic of the popular sector and the pattern of its relations with other sectors must be determined.In addition,public education for informed and purposeful participation and helping to institutionalize the public sector should be considered as a prelude to participatory governance,

Internet addiction is a type of impulse control disorder that refers to the excessive use of the internet, the purpose of this study is to investigate the question of whether aggression, law-aversion, and hyperactivity in adolescents can predict Internet addiction? This research is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study was all high school students in the 2019-20 academic year of Urmia schools, from which 400 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. In this study, The Achenbach Youth Self-Report Scale (Achenbach, 1991) and Internet Addiction Questionnaire (Young,1998) were used to collect information. Data were analyzed using simultaneous regression analysis. The results of this study showed that aggression and hyperactivity significantly predict students' internet addiction (p< 0/01) Also, law-aversion has no significant effect on predicting internet addiction. According to the findings of the present study, by reducing the level of aggression and hyperactivity in students, the tendency to Internet addiction can be reduced.

Major method in philosophy and humanities until the middle of the nineteenth century was the causal method of explanation. With Hegel's new design of history, the dialectical method found a special place in the humanities. Hegel used dialectics with developments in the analysis of history and social events, using Greek dialectical principles that stopped at the field of thought. Marx also took a materialist approach to the dialectical analysis of history. Shariati was one of the first to introduce this method in Iran. Our aim in this article is to determine the extent of Shariati's imitation and innovation in the dialectical sense. Therefore, in a documentary way, we have analyzed the dialectical concept in his thought. According to Shariati, Aristotle's logic is mental and abstract. Shariati considers the application of this method in the Islamic world as an obstacle to scientific developments. Despite Maxr influence on Shariati his system of thought, his method differs significantly from the Marxist and Hegelian dialectics. Shariati opposes both dialectics on the basis of consciousness and materialism on the basis of it. In addition, he separates the second multiplication of dialectics and defines it outside the first multiplication, and does not consider the third multiplication as the sum of theses and antitheses. In Shariati's analysis of history and man, the first and second multiplications of dialectics are the flow of good and evil, which, in contrast to each other, transform history and man, and finally, with the victory of the right current, this struggle reaches its end.

Hegelian interpretation of Marx's thought is a common interpretation in the humanities and their commonality in the use of dialectical methods is the main reason for this treatment. Without denying Marx's influence on Hegel, attention to Kant's philosophy will lead us to another account of Marx's thought that would be far removed from Hegel's thought. If Marx's method is read with dialectical tolerance, it differs from Hegel's dialectic more than the inverted position of consciousness and matter. Hegel's dialectic consists of three multiplications, the third multiplication coming from the sum of the contradictions between the first and the second multiplication, but Marx's dialectic, like Kant's dialectic, is two-fold and so-called "negative", because the post-revolutionary situation, especially the classless one, It is not the sum of the a priori stages of societies and has a fundamental and qualitative difference with the past form of human life. Moreover, just as a critique of Kant's thought means examining the a priori conditions for the realization of things, so Marx in his critique of political economy seeks to find the a priori conditions for the realization of the Classless situation and does not provide a clear picture of the Classless situation. Give. With this view, the Classless situationin Marx's thought would become Kant's regulatory idea.