فهرست مطالب tahereh ranjbar malekshah

In order to develop agricultural exports and despite the importance of the production of citrus in this sector, should be provided the necessary support from the producers in the export, in order to use the production capacity of this products in Iran. In this regard, in the present study, using a mathematical programming model, the optimal level of subsidy for export of orange has been calculated and evaluated its effect on the welfare of the domestic suppliers of orange. The information required in this study was based on 2017, which has been collected in the form of documents. The results of the research indicate that the export subsidy for orange in 2017 has not been optimal and for optimization, the subsidy increases from 5,000 Rials to 7918 Rials per kg of orange exports. By paying this subsidy, the export and supply of orange increased by 73.6% and 0.41%, respectively, and demand decreased by 0.66%. Rising supply along with rising domestic prices will lead to 0.82% increase in the welfare of the orange suppliers.

Considering the role of new technologies and integrated information and communication technology in improving the supply chain, as well as the importance of investigating the preferences of actors to accept technology, the purpose of this study is to identify and rank the indicators of blockchain technology for the configuration of the vegetable oil supply chain. For this purpose, the symmetric analysis method was used and the relative importance of features and the desirability of evaluating parts of the surfaces were calculated. This method is used to identify and understand the combined effects of attributes on the preference for a product or service. To collect information, 9 cards were designed using XLSTAT software, and then 42 vegetable oil supply chain agents, including farmers, importers, oil factories, and other supply and distribution sectors. , completed online in 2022. Based on the results, the features of "Do the order on time & Close relationship with suppliers", "Transparency in all physical-financial-product transactions", "Reduce Lead time", "Compatibility and planning" and "Data immutability" were respectively the most desirable. This research showed that by using the features of blockchain technology, it is possible to facilitate the cooperation and integration of the vegetable oil supply chain and create the highest benefit for the chain actors. In the following, by designing the structure of this technology in accordance with the preferences of the actors of the vegetable oil supply chain and also with the cooperation of policymakers in order to plan and prepare the necessary infrastructure in order to implement blockchain technology in the country, the conditions of this chain can be improved.

The aim of the present study is to determine an economic optimal of wheat production and import, by considering the existing risk conditions in Iran. For this purpose, the Goal Programming model was used in order to study several goals simultaneously. The goals considered in this research include the goals of profit, production risk and price risk. The data required for this study was collected from the Statistics Center of Iran, Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2020 and GAMS software was used to estimate the results. The results of the study showed by considering all the objectives, for Irrigated wheat, the provinces of Khuzestan, Fars, East and West Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Khorsan Razavi and North, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Golestan, Lorestan, Hamedan, Ilam, Bushehr, Isfahan, Markazi and Sistan and Baluchestan and for dryland wheat, the provinces of East and West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Khuzestan, Ardabil, Zanjan, Khorasan Razavi, Golestan were considered as producers. Based on the results, Khorasan Razavi and Kurdistan provinces with cultivated area equivalent to 886371.5 and 509971.3 had the highest cultivated area for irrigated wheat and rainfed wheat, respectively. Also, according to the results, Australia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, the Netherlands, Austria and Germany entered in the final model as importers of wheat. According to the results of the study, in order to achieve self-sufficiency, it is recommended that policy makers provide incentives for reallocation of wheat in these provinces. According to the results of the study, in order to achieve the goal of self-sufficiency and complete elimination of imports based on the desired perspective of the country, it may be recommended that producers and policy makers move towards the provinces included in the model. Also, considering the impact of risk in decision making, the development of risk management tools is suggested.

Given the importance of understanding the agricultural risk behavior for useful policy making in agriculture, this study aimed at determining the degree of absolute risk aversion of farmers in Goharbaran region of Sari County in Iran using multi criteria decision making (MCDM) analysis. Then, the relation between the degree of risk aversion of the farmers and their socio-economic characteristics were investigated. Required data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with 250 farmers in 2014. The study results showed that majority of the farmers belonged to the group with high level of risk averse; and among their effective socio-economic characteristics (including age, education, farm size, family size, agricultural income, percentage of income from farming, land ownership, farming experience and loan), the variables of agricultural income, percentage of income from farming and family size were positively and farm size and loan negatively correlated with the absolute degree of risk aversion of the farmers. Considering the high degree of risk aversion among majority of the studied farmers, the risk management would seem to be highly important. Therefore, a number of measures like common cultivation, product diversification and population control by the farmers themselves and strategies such as development of cooperatives, credit expansion, guaranteed prices, insurance and establishment and development of futures markets by policy makers were suggested.