فهرست مطالب taheri m

In this study, the effect of selective laser melting parameters on the mechanical properties of iron has been experimentally investigated. The mechanical properties discussed in this article are ultimate tensile strength. The selected parameters include the laser power, the laser scanning speed, and the laser hatch distance, and the design of experiments was done by the Taguchi method. By examining the microstructure, the optimal range of the mentioned process parameters was determined to achieve the highest tensile strength. The results show that the optimum parameter levels for the tensile strength include the laser power of 200 watts, the laser scanning speed of 600 millimeters per minute, and the hatch distance of 70 micrometers.

The increasing use of telecommunication devices such as Wi-Fi modems and mobile phones in the recent years can change the cellular structure of microorganisms so the generation of electromagnetic waves has led to concern in the community whenever be exposed to these fields and may have harmful effects on human health.

In this experimental study, standard strains of bacteria were prepared on Mueller-Hinton agar for bacterial growth to obtain 0.5 McFarland turbidity (1.5 × 108 CFU) of bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility test using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was done. For Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibiotics susceptibility test was conducted. The test group was exposed to electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phone simulator with a frequency of 900 MHz and the control group were not exposed.

The results revealed that increasing duration of exposure to electromagnetic waves emitted by the mobile simulators with a frequency of 900 MHz especially after 24 h of exposure, can increase bacterial resistance in S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa.

Several factors can cause bacterial resistance against antibiotics. One of these factors is the electromagnetic waves emitted from mobile simulator with a frequency of 900 MHz, which can increase the permeability of the cell wall of bacteria.

In the original investigation entitled “Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection: Parasagittal versus Midline Approach in Patients with Unilateral Cervical Radicular Pain; A Randomized Clinical Trial.”[1] which was published in April 2019 issue of the journal, one author name has been unintentionally omitted from the final draft and the affiliations were wrongly assigned. There is an error in the author list of this article, which should be corrected as follows: “Masoud Hashemi,1 Payman Dadkhah,1 Mehrdad Taheri,1 Ebrahim Golmakani,1,2 Kasra Dehghan,1 Rouhollah Valizadeh.3”. The affiliations are also corrected as follow: “1Pain Management Fellowship, Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 3Department of Epidemiology, Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran”. The article was corrected online.

Nowadays, the importance of patient safety in clinical care has become significant. Safety climate on people's perception of safety that people's motivation to get things done for the safety and safe behavior is influenced refers. This study aimed to determine the status of patient safety in the hospital environment. The study - an analysis of 200 Tehran University of Medical Sciences personnel of two hospitals (Imam Khomeini and Shariati Hospitals) were selected randomly. The data collected 2 demographic and patient safety climate questionnaire was kudo. The validity and content validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha 0.827 respectively. To analyze the data using SPSS software (version 18) using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages and compared by means of Mann - Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. The mean age of the participants in this study, 48/32 (7) years.Average duration of working 53/6 (57/4) years. Using the Mann-Whitney test between women and men is a significant difference in the mean size of the patient safety climate, except fatigue (p=0.007) was observed. The significant difference between the average hospital patient safety climate dimensions except in nursing (p=0.025) was observed. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test a significant difference in the mean size of the patient safety climate, except fatigue (p=0.042) was observed among different sectors. Patient safety climate was not favorable at two hospitals in. Managers should seek to improve the conditions of their nurses to improve patient safety.

Boophilus tick is responsible for the transmission of some pathogens (types of germs) and the reduction of fertility in Cattles. Tropomyosin protein plays an important role in regulating actin function, immune and allergic reactions and vaccine production. Accurate identification of antigenic determinants (epitopes) is difficult, time consuming and not economic, thus we focused on development of rapid methods such as prediction based on sequence and structure of protein. A wide array of Immunoinformatics softwares and tools were used for the analysis of antigenicity, frequency in protein secondary structure and domains, physic-chemical factors related to region of linear epitopes, B cell epitopes, and binding peptide segments to MHC II alleles in cattle. Protein analysis with different algorithms and evaluated accuracy of our result with different profiles of protein results in 3 selected epitopes (AA62-80(NH2-EQLSQANSKLEEKDKALQA-COOH), AA170-185(NH2-AMVEADLERAEERAETG-COOH) and AA200-218 (NH2-VGNNLKSLEVSEEKALQKEET-COOH)) for B cell and a epitope AA192-207(NH2-LEEELRVVGNNLKSL-COOH) for T cell. For desirable stimulation of immune system, only some segments of protein (epitopes) are enough. Selecting efficient epitopes causes concentration immune responses, preparation suitable vaccine and reduces allergic and adverse responses.

The irritable bowel syndrome is most common functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) that Psychological factors play an important role in development and exacerbation it’s symptoms. The aim of this research was to study the effect of therapeutic touch on state and trait anxiety in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. The research hypotheses were tested by using pre and post test semi-experimental design with control group. The study sample was consisted of 24 patient that randomly assigned in experimental and control group. Experimental group، in addition to drug therapy، 4 times (once per week) were receiving therapeutic touch. Participants completed Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory. Data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U Test. The result showed that there is a significant difference between experimental and control group in state anxiety scores، in the other words، therapeutic touch reduced state anxiety in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Also، therapeutic touch reduces trait anxiety in patients with irritable bowel syndrome، but this reduction was not significant. The results this study could starting point for do more research in this area and if approved، use of therapeutic touch for reduced anxiety of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

In order to examine the influence of Sub-Hersinian and Sub-Senonian tectonic phases in the Aghajari Oil Field, three stratigraphic sections were studied around the boundary of Sarvak and Ilam formations in wells Nos. 56, 140 and 82. The existence of biozone No. 29 (Wynd, 1965) with Turonian in age at the top of the Sarvak Formation which overlays the biozone No. 25 (Wynd, 1965) indicates the continuity of sedimentation from Cenomanian to Turonian. The effect of Sub-Hersinian phase was minor and caused some facies changes in all three wells. In wells Nos. 56 and 140, the biozone No. 29 (Wynd, 1965) with Turonian in age is overlain by the biozone No. 30 (Wynd, 1965) which belongs to the Ilam Formation. This condition represents a gap between Turonian and Santonian at the boundary of the Sarvak and Ilam Formations which is the result of the Sub-Senonian phase. In well No. 82, the time of this gap is slightly more and continued until the Late Santonian as a result of the Gurpi Formation with Late Santonian in age which has overlain the Sarvak Formation with Turonian in age.

Functional constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms which could affect patients’ quality of life. The colonic transit time test could be used for determining functional constipation subtypes. The aim of our study was to determine the abnormalities of the subtypes of functional constipation using CTT. Methods and Materials:This cross-sectional study was performed on 85 patients in 2011 in Shariaaty Hospital, Isfahan. All the patients received 60 radio-opaque markers, and they underwent radiological evaluation 5 days afterwards. Functional constipation was determined according to the distribution of the markers in the colon. The samples consisted of 24 males and 61 females at a mean age of 42.7 ± 16.28 years. The colonic transit time results showed that 71 patients had normal transit time, 6 had a composite type, 5 had slow transit, and 3 had pelvic delay. There was no significant difference between sex and colon transit time types (P value =0.32). The mean colon transit time in our study was 51.8 ± 16.3 hours. Functional constipation patients should undergo CTT, especially those who use maneuvers for defecation and those who need more time for defecation.

Pistachio nut has high nutritional value. The fat and protein are the common part of pistachio. Major part (about 88%) of the fat content of pistachio includes unsaturated fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids are known to have positive effects on human health like preventing to heart diseases. This research has evaluated protein, fat and fatty acids content of some commercial pistachio cultivars of Damghan, Iran namely Akbari, Kaleghoui, Khanjari, Abasali and Shahpasand. The results showed protein and fat contents in studied pistachio cultivars varied from 16.2654 % (Shahpasand) – 20.7025 %(Abasali) to 52.4840 (Shahpasand) – 60.6470%(Akbari), respectively. Regarding of protein and fat there have been significant differences between cultivars. The composition of fatty acids were determined as myristic (0.0810- 0.1080%), palmitic 10.2275- 11.10750%), stearic (1.1010- 1.2700%),arashidic (0.3855- 0.6300%), palmitoleic (0.8175- 1.0180%), oleic (48.9615- 55.2435%), linoleic (30.4820- 36.8840%),linolenic(0.3590- 0.8405%). Oleic acid has been found as the most common monounsaturated fatty acid. Linoleic acid has the highest percentage among polyunsaturated fatty acids. There have been significant differences among pistachio cultivars regarding unsaturated fatty acids. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated ones has changed between 6.7- 7.4

According to the attachment theory, maternal behavior and maternal reactions toward her child is affected by her attachment style. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal attachment and social maturity of their mentally retarded sons. All male mentally retarded students of secondary schools of Shiraz during academic year of 2008-2009 (127 students) were included. The adult attachment style questionnaire (AAS) (1987) was used to assess maternal attachment and Vineland's social test (1965) was used to assess the social maturity of mentally retarded male students. The Spearman correlation and sheffe's method were used for data analyses. Secure attachment style of mothers had a positive significant correlation with social maturity of mentally-retarded boys of secondary school (p<0.001) while insecure avoidant and insecure ambivalent attachment style of mothers had negative significant correlation with it (p=0.019 and p<0.001, respectively). Mother's with more secure attachment style have children with higher social maturity and mothers with more insecure attachment style (avoidant and ambivalent), have children with less social maturity.

Mazdak appearance on Sassanid era is one of the most important historical events of Persian history which has certain complexity and ambiguity. This event has narrated extensively by Ferdowsi in Shahnameh and the historians and researchers of Shahnameh have always referenced to Shahnameh in their analysis of this story. They also have used the contents of the national epic in their reviews. But the wonder is that neither Iranian researchers nor the orientalists referred to several fundamental differences between the narrative of Shahnameh and other histories about this event. The most important difference is the change of a part of Ghobad history after the emergence of Mazdak in Shahnameh. In this paper، the advent of Mazdak is studied critically in Shahnameh and other historical sources.

In order to evaluate the possible immunosuppressive effects of coccidial infection on Cell Mediated Immunity (CMI) of broiler chickens, 640 Ross male day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 equal groups of 160 (each consist of 4 replicates of 40). The negative control group remained unchallenged, while the other three groups challenged with 3 different levels of high, medium and low doses of mixed inoculums of E.acervulina and E.maxima at 15 days of age. For the assessment of CMI, Macrophage Migration Inhibition (MIF) test was performed. For this purpose blood samples were collected at 15, 22, 36 days of age. No significant difference was observed among MIF of different groups at 15 days of age (p> 0.05). At 22 and 36 days of age a significant difference observed among MIF of high dose and control groups (p<0.05). According to the results, it can be concluded that severe coccidial infection may compromise specific CMI activity in broilers.

Background and There is an increasing interest and concern regarding the role of learning environment in undergraduate medical education in recent years. Educational environment is one of the most important factors determining the success of an effective curriculum. The quality of educational environment has been identified to be crucial for effective learning.we compared the perceptions of Basic sciences students and clinical phase regarding the learning environment and also to identify the gender related differences in their perceptions. In this study, the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory was used. The total score for all subscales is 200. In this study, DREEM was administered to undergraduate medical students of basic sciences students (n=120), and clinical phase (n= 100) and the scores were compared using a nonparametric test.Results Between the two batches, basic sciences students were found to be more than satisfied with the learning environment at GUMS compared to the clinical phase. Gender wise, there was not much difference in the students'' perceptions. This study revealed that both groups of students perceived learning environment relatively more Negative than Positive in GUMS. It is essential for faculty members to place more efforts on observing principals of instructional design and create an appropriate educational environment in order to provide a better learning for students.

The objective of this study was to compare different antigen preparations to produce monoclonal antibodies against bovine leukaemia virus gp51SU. The four antigen preparations for immunization of BALB/c mice were: CL: BLV-FLK cell lysate, UF: a fraction of CL (between 30 and 100 kDa), WVP: whole virus particles and SP: with ion exchange chromatography, gp51SU was semipurified. A total of nine successful fusions were performed which resulted in production of 23 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific against gp51SU. The highest ratio of specific hybridoma colonies in each fusion was with SP preparation. Based on the reactivity of the mAbs in Western blotting, mAbs were classified into four groups: anti-gp51SU (23 mAbs), anti-gp30TM (8 mAbs), anti-Pr72 (5 mAbs) and antibodies against other viral proteins (7 mAbs). Some of the anti-gp51SU mAbs reacted with more than one band in Western blotting, suggesting that these colonies recognized not only gp51SU but also its precursors.

Ismailis always lived secret lives. Because of various reasons, like living in different areas and eras, they have had plenty of terms, which are sometimes different from those used in other places and by other coreligionists. This article studies Ismaili terms in Nasser Khosrow's book of poems as well as prose works. In addition to the words pertaining to "the ranks of invitation," which are accepted or known in most branches of this sect, the terms which may not be agreed by all but have frequently occurred in Nasser Khosrow's prose and verse works are studies here.

The aim was to study osmotic and ionic regulation in alien ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi, acclimated gradually to different salinities (8, 13, 18 and 23 ppt) with the salt proportion of the Caspian Sea in laboratory conditions (24 ± 2 ˚C) on the samples with total length, 1. 5-3 cm. Results showed that this species is hyper-osmoconformer (maintaining internal osmolarity 2 – 22 mOsmol / l above external) in non lethal salinities ranging from 8 to 23 ppt. The results of ionic regulatory investigations revealed that this species can regulate calcium and sulphate ion so that the concentration of calcium ion in the internal fluid and sulphate ion in the external fluid were significantly more in 8 and 13 ppt, respectively. No regulation was observed about other ions such as Cl־, Mg2+ and K+ in the mentioned salinities.

Short stature has different prevalence in different countries, which varies from 2% to 10 % and has multiple etiologic factors. Short stature can have a natural course or pathologic causes. Rapid diagnosis, accurate treatment (in curable causes) is important, and if treated, its complications can be inhibited. The aim of the present study was to identify of prevalence of short stature among first year primary school students in Ahwaz, and its relation with factors such as: economic status, family problems, short birth height and weight, and genetic causes. In this study 698 students in their first year primary school in Ahwaz were selected in cluster pattern, and their heights and weights were measured and an questionnaire was filled which included information on the number of family members, economic status, fathers job, history of short stature in parents and family members and height and weight at the birth time. In this study 344 (44.3 %) of cases were females and 354 cases were males (50.7%). Prevalence of short stature was 3.7 % equally in both sexes. Also there was a direct relation between short statures and low weight at birth, as well as with family problems (separated parents) and parents short height. However, there was no significant relationship between short stature and economic status, number of family member, and presence of mother-in-law. Our study revealed that there is a statically significant relationship between short stature and low weight at birth, positive history of short parents or other family members and separation of parents. But more studies on role of other etiologic factors are needed

Antiprotozoal effects of genus Allium plants including garlic and onion have been proven in Aryana Lands since hundreds years ago. In this study, inhibitory effect of persian shallot hydroalcoholic extract on growth of Leishmania infantum was evaluated in vitro. Different concentrations of the extract including 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/cc in schneider medium were prepared, the parasites were added and counted every day during 7 days after culture. Concentrations between 0.01 - 0.1 mg/cc inhibited the growth of parasites on the third day, but the highest concentration (0.2 mg/cc) inhibited the growth of parasites on the first day. This study proves inhibitory effect of persian shallot hydroalcoholic extract (containing allicin, ajoene and other agents) on Leishmania infantum. For exact evaluation of persian shallot antileishmanian properties, it is necessary to evaluate inhibitory effect of the plant hydroalcoholic extract in vivo.

In serious competitions in order to keep the acquired fitness, athletes are advised to reduce the exercise intensity before starting the races. This technique is called taper. The purpose of this study was to compare four usual procedures of Taper and effect of them on the Hematological responses by measuring Vo2 max, hematological and biochemical factors.Methods and materials: Sixty semi professional athletes, 20 to 35 years old with Vo2 max between 30-45 three milts/kg/min were selected. Exercises were in three stages and took for eight weeks. In the first stage, which lastd for 4 weeks athletes did moderate intensity exercise three days a week and 30 minutes a day. Second stage started after the first stage with vigorous exercise three days a week and 45 minutes a day that lasted for two weeks. In the third stage taper, the subjects were randomly divided into four groups. The program of the first group was two days week and exercise intensity so was done with 85%, 75%, 65% and 55% of maximum exercise intensity. Second group program was two days a week exercise with 50% of maximum exercise intensity. The third group program was two days a week exercise with gradual reduction of exercise intensity. The fourth group had only rest. At second and sixth weeks after doing progressive exercise and taper, blood samples were taken from the cases and were sent to a reliable diagnosis lab. Collected data from different taper methods were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and no significant difference between biochemical factors (P>0.05) was seen but the data showed a significant difference among Vo2 max values after using these methods (P=0.04). In addition, there was significant difference in hemoglobin, hematocrit, M.C.H, M.V.C, platelets, W.B.C and Vo2 max when measured in second week, sixth week and later on Taper (P<0.05). According to the results of this study, taper III has a considerable effect on semi professional Hematological responses.

Anemia and iron deficiency anemia is one of the important nutritional and health problems specially in children, teenager girls and women of fertile ages. The aim of this survey was to identify prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in school girls in Zahedan in 1374- 75. Ovelall, 1300 female students (1123 students from public schools and 177 students from private schools) were chosen, by using of a multistage random sampling method. Haemoglobin and hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serum ferritin were measured by standard methods and their individual, social and economical charactristics were recorded by questionnaires. Results showed that prevalence of anemia in public and private school girls was 8.7%, 1.5% and prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 16.2%, 3.8%, respectively. Since, the anemia in public schools was more than private schools, so it has revealed that iron deficiency anemia is more common and a risk factor in young girls. Therefore, administration of iron supplements and nutritional education for this group is recommended.