tayebeh tabatabaie

Petrochemical industries are among the basic-heavy industries which produce variety of important products. They have significant potential to affect air, soil and water quality. This paper studied a number of air pollutants in Shiraz Petrochemical Complex in order to determine their potential adverse health, environmental and costs effects. Dispersion of air pollutants from Shiraz Petrochemical Complex has been studied in area of 50×50km. Inhalation risk and environmental impact assessment have been evaluated with AIRQ and SIMAPRO software. Economic costs related to air pollution also investigated with BENMAP software. The results show that Shiraz Petrochemical Complex could contributes to a wide variety of long and short term adverse health effects. It also has a significant contribution (about 39%) to PM2.5 concentration in MARVDASHT city. The healthcare costs related to air pollution could be rise to 750 thousand dollars per year.  Emission of gaseous pollutants in Shiraz Petrochemical Complex are low, however it needs more control over particulate matter PM2.5 specially in Ammonia and Urea units. Even if air pollution will disperse throughout the Persepolis area, but characteristics of their adverse effects needs wider discussion.

Aloe vera L. is one of the oldest and most traditional medicinal plants in history, which is more than a thousand years old. Today, its biological activity is not limited to therapeutic purposes. The expansion of the Aloe vera L. industry became evident during the 90s when the development of this product began due to the global demand from consumers for a healthier lifestyle. Considering this plant's relationship with agriculture, industry, and the economy, the present work examined   chemical, biological, and nutritional properties of Aloe vera and its processing methods, innovations, and biosynthesis of nanoparticles, and industrial applications. Applications of this plant are detailed in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, and the global vision of the million-dollar market around this product is discussed. Also, the biosynthesis method of nanoparticles using Aloe vera L. as a reducing agent is presented. Aloe vera L. has been used to produce nanomaterial through biosynthesis. This plant has many unique properties and is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, sunburn relief, immune system strengthening, anti-aging, and anti-cancer properties. The study concludes that biosynthesized nanoparticles with Aloe vera L. are environmentally friendly, simple, economical, and safe.

Background and Objective :

Land surface temperature (LST) has become an important issue in the world today, as it affects the climate and environment at the local, regional and global levels, and these changes in land surface temperature are mainly caused by it arises from urbanization, and human activities and extreme Landuse and Land-cover (LULC) changes. Due to the limitations of meteorological stations, remote sensing can be used as the basis of many meteorological data. One of the most important practical aspects of remote sensing in climate studies is the estimation of surface temperature. In this research, the temperature of the earth's surface between 1990 and 2018 was extracted from the images of TM and OLI sensors of the coastal lands of Bushehr, using the Stefan-Boltzmann method.

Materials and Methods:

 The land study area of Bushehr city, which is on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf, with dimensions of 20×8 km2 an area of 1011.5 km2 and with an average minimum temperature of 18.1oC and an average maximum temperature of 33 oC, relative humidity between 58-75% and the average annual rainfall is 272 mm, it’s located in the geographical location of 50°50' to 10°51 E longitude and 28°40' to 29°00' N latitude. The data used in this research include; Landsat 8 (OLI) data in 2018 and TM data in 1990, which were downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) data center (https://earth explorer.usgs.gov). In order to calculate the parameters related to temperature extraction, the meteorological data of the synoptic stations located in the studied area were used. After taking the images, due to the larger range of the images, the images were cut (Resized) and then the geometric correction of the images was done using topographic maps on a scale of 1/25000 and all the images were adjusted to the UTM coordinate system of the 39 N were adapted. In geometric correction, the RMS error of all images was less than 0.5 pixels. In order to compare the results of Stefan-Boltzmann method for extracting LST with ground data, thermal map data obtained was compared with soil temperature data (obtained from meteorological stations in the selected area). In order to evaluate the Stefan-Boltzmann method from ground data, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) index statistical method was used.

Results and Discussion: 

 The average minimum and maximum Land surface temperature (LST) extracted from the 1990 TM image was 26.5 and 45 °C, respectively, and for the 2018 OLI image, it was 30.1 and 48.6 °C, respectively. The results showed that the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) index values for TM and OLI sensors are to 7.1 and 5.6, respectively. The results of the research showed that the Stefan-Boltzmann method provided a reliable result in estimating the Land surface temperature.

Conclusion:

 This research aims to extract LST by Stefan-Boltzmann method. The results of this method were estimated using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) statistical index for the study period (1990-2018). Applying the MAE on the produced thermal maps, it was found that the Stefan-Boltzmann method is suitable for future research in the fields of thermal remote sensing by observing the results of using the MAE index on thermal maps. Therefore, we conclude that the Stefan-Boltzmann method is suitable for estimating the surface temperature of the land in coastal areas. Finally, it is suggested that for quantitatively describing LST patterns a GIS/RS-based method, and methods such as spatial autocorrelation and semivariance are used.

Given the potential negative environmental impacts linked with wild landfills in the central part of the Kangan Region, there is a significant need to accelerate the development of controlled inter-municipal landfills. The study area with daily production of 92 tons of waste, due to lack of recycling equipment and incorrect locating landfill is faced with numerous environmental, health and social problems in open sites and unsafe. This study is aimed at identifying suitable sites for solid waste disposal by considering all essential factors and rating criteria by integrating Fuzzy-AHP and GIS with multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in Kangan county. Standards for siting a landfill formulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) were employed in this study. The criteria that are considered herein are land use, slope, elevation, distance to drainage, groundwater and dams, distance to faults, soil, geology, distance to the residence and road, industrial and infrastructure accessibility. These criteria were assigned fuzzy membership classes based on their importance in siting a landfill. The fuzzy members of all criteria were overlaid to generate the final landfill site suitability map which was classified into five: not suitable (53.3%), less suitable (39.1%), moderately suitable (5.4%), suitable (1.4%) and highly suitable (0.6%). The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was employed in the selection of the landfill site with reverence to multiple criteria and the fuzzy membership classes in accordance with the standards of the EPA. The results of this research in the management of the urban environment and also in the plans of the optimal disposal of urban solid of this area will be useful.

The development of industry has recently led to the release of 2 × 105 tons of colored wastewater into the environment. The presence of these solutions due to their toxicity and carcinogenic potential can be a threat to human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 nanocomposite in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for degradation of reactive black 5 dye (RB5).

In this study, nanocomposites were characterized by diagnostic techniques of SEM, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. Influence of operating parameters such as pH (2-11), nanocomposite concentration (10-750 mg/L), PMS concentration (0.25-8 mM), dye concentration (10-250 mg/L), and reaction time (0-60 min) was evaluated. Stability and scavenging tests of reactive species under optimal conditions were studied.

The results showed that the MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4/PMS system has a high performance in RB5 degradation compared to systems such as PMS, MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 and CuFe2O4/PMS.  RB5 degradation complete was obtained at pH of 7, the composite concentration of 250 mg/L, the PMS concentration of 4 mM, and the reaction time of 15 minutes. Suitable treatment of real solutions due to the presence of interfering materials requires a reaction time above 240 min. Stability tests for 5 reaction cycles showed that MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 could be a recyclable catalyst in PMS activation.

The synthesized composite can be used as a catalyst to activate PMS in RB5 dye removal due to its recyclability and high efficiency.

Land surface temperature (LST) and its relationship with land use /cover change are significantly considered in environmental studies. The aim of this study was to retrieve the LST of Bushehr land and explore its spatial relationships with LULC. Landsat images of August of the summer season for three years with fifteen years time intervals were analyzed. The result showed a gradual rising (1.4 °C during 1990–2005 and 2 °C during 2005–2020) of LST during the whole period of study. The mean LST value for three study years was the lowest (30.86 °C) on green vegetation and the highest (49.07 °C) on bare land and built-up areas. The spatial distribution of NDVI and LST reflects an inverse relationship. The best (-0.97) and the least (-0.80) correlation, respectively, whereas a moderate (-0.89) correlation was noticed. This LST-NDVI correlation was strong negative (-0.80) on the vegetation surface. The LST is greatly controlled by land-use characteristics. This study can be used as a reference for land use and environmental planning on coastal land.

According to the results obtained thus far, ozone/magnetic copper ferrite nanoparticles (CuFe2O4 MNPs)/potassium hydrogen monopersulfate (KMPS) is capable of totally degrading 20 mg/L diazinon (DZN) with 6 mg/L ozone, 0.6 g/L KMPS, and 0.1 g/L MNPs at pH = 7 in 20 min. The experiments showed that the concentrations of KMPS and MNPs were more effective than ozone on the system efficiency. Moreover, high concentrations of KMPS and MNPs were not very effective in DZN degradation. Furthermore, the degradation efficiencies of diazinon at pHs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 were 94%, 95.35%, 97.45%, 98.15%, 99.2%, 99.3%, 99.3%, and 100%, respectively. The pH of the solution was effective on the system so that in the range of 7 - 10, the system had high efficiency. Even within the range of 3 - 6, the pH had not been so plummeted, resulting in a high percentage of DZN degradation. Besides, MNPs could be utilized in the system for up to five cycles without any loss of catalytic activity. The degradation efficiency of diazinon was 99.2% in the first use and 92.1% in the fifth use. Also, the process efficiency was assessed in four real environments showing that agricultural drainage and urban wastewater with the degradation percentages of 79.1% and 77.3%, respectively, were better treated than the urban and river water with the percentages of 93% and 88.4%, respectively. With the determination of active agents in the reaction using the scavenging agents, it was recognized that sulfate radicals, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide, and singlet oxygen contributed to DZN degradation. By the way, ozone was advantageous to both singlet oxygen and superoxide in the degradation of diazinon.

The complicated relationship between land use (LU) and environmental factors influences human livelihood; hence, it is essential to monitor LU changes and to prepare pertinent maps due to their relevance to such vital fields as urban planning, climate change, and environmental monitoring. In this study, a supervised classification was applied to three Landsat images collected over time (1990, 2000, and 2018) in order to derive the data on land use changes in Bushehr region. The supervised classification results were further improved by employing image enhancement and classification accuracy of the Landsat images was enhanced by visual interpretation to enhance. Finally, eight LU categories were identified and mapped. It was found that land reclamation projects over the last three decades had had drastic effects on LU changes throughout the study area. Land use changes during the study period show increasing trends as evidenced by the 29.19 hectares of agricultural land with a rise of 30.19% and the 15.78 hectares of urban and rural residential land with a rise of 16.39%. In contrast, declines are observed in barren land covering 4.15 hectares with a change of -4.31%, salty land covering 11.66 hectares with a negative change of -12.11, and sandy land covering 5.21 hectares with a change of -5.41. Hence, agricultural land area as well as urban and rural residential areas show significant increases whereas barren, salty, and sandy land areas show decreases. These changes in LU reflect regional policies and the dynamics of human impacts (agricultural and construction activities) on land use changes in the study region. Identifying the causes underlying these changes, the present article tries to formulate policy recommendations toward improved land use management.

Limited water resources in arid and semi-arid regions are one of the major limiting factors in agricultural production. Thus, unconventional water resources, such as urban treated wastewater, may be used for irrigation. Application of wastewater to the soil may cause accumulation of heavy metals (HMs). Soil pollution causes uptake of these metals by plants and their entrance to the food chain. In the present greenhouse research, concentration variations of HMs (lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)( in soil and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plant were investigated.

The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with three replications and irrigation with different wastewater treated (well water, wastewater treatment and diluted wastewater). To evaluate the effects of different irrigation treatments on soil, parameters of acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), the concentration of heavy metals Pb and Cd in soil were studied.  Additionally, for the effects of irrigation treatments on sweet pepper plant, parameters of biomass weight, fresh and dry weight and Pb and Cd concentrations (in branches, fruits and roots) were measured. The amount of Pb and Cd in the pepper were measured by ICP-OES. The obtained average concentrations were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Duncan test was used to determine the differences between groups (p <0.05). The independent t-test was also used to investigate the difference in concentrations of Pb and Cd in soil and water (p <0.05).

The results of chemical analysis of soil and pepper showed that irrigation with wastewater did not cause a significant increase in the concentration of Pb and Cd in the soil and in the branches, fruits and roots of the pepper. The concentration of Pb and Cd in the soil and in the branches, fruits and roots of the pepper was within the allowable and standard concentration range. The difference in lead and cadmium concentrations in the soil before planting was not significant; however, at the end of the study period, the Pb concentration in pepper was higher than the Cd concentration. The use of wastewater increased the fresh and dry weight of branches, fruits and roots of the pepper.

The results showed that Pb and Cd concentration in roots and aerial parts of pepper plant was not increased significantly as a result of wastewater irrigation (p <0.05). The results of this study are limited to one growing season and by the continued use of municipal wastewater, the concentration of Pb and Cd in the soil and then in the plant may exceed the standard. Especially in the case of Pb, which seems to have shown a slight tendency to increase relative to the primary soil and the pepper. Therefore, the continuation of this study is recommended to evaluate the long-term effects of Bushehr municipal treated wastewater on the concentration of heavy elements in soil and plants, and soil properties. Overall, it should be acknowledged that based on technical recommendations, the use of treated wastewater are not recommended.

 In this study, groundwater resources of Dayyer city in Bushehr province were investigated for the amount of different parameters. The use of nitrate fertilizers in the city of Dayyer and the diversion of agricultural effluents containing these compounds to water sources has increased the concentration of nitrate. Calculation of ion ratios showed that weathering was delayed in the aquifers of the city and the infiltration of salt water led to an increase in the concentration of chloride and sodium. The increase in the concentration of other ions, such as calcium and magnesium, has a geological origin.

  For this purpose, in three stages (October, November and December 2019), 7 wells located in this city were sampled and the amount of various parameters including electrical conductivity, pH, hardness, total alkalinity, total soluble solids, nitrate concentration, sulfate, Nitrite, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, fluoride, iron and bicarbonate were determined using standard methods.

 The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and ArcGIS software was used to prepare zoning maps by kriging method. Nitrate and sulfate concentration parameters, electrical conductivity, total soluble solids, total hardness, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, fluoride and bicarbonate concentrations are 17.9-56.4 and 1100-3800 mg/l, respectively, 3740-7460 micro siemens per centimeter, 2240-4480, 2828-1393.8, 635.26-2034.83, 315.12-630.24, 145.44-349.056, 274.19-1068.1, 13-20, 3.12-3.8, and 68.32-131.76 mg/l were obtained. The results showed that except for the parameters of iron concentration (0.03-0.05 mg /l) and nitrite (0.0099-0.03.63 mg /l) and pH (7.13-7.34), The value of the other parameters is too much. Sulfate concentration has increased due to oxidation of pyrite-containing soils and the presence of evaporative minerals such as gypsum. According to the results obtained from the measurement of groundwater quality index, the value of this index is between 51 to 61, which means the average quality of water resources in this city.

Excess fluoride ions in drinking water cause several diseases so the defluoridation of drinking water with excess fluoride is necessary for human health. Hence this work describes fluoride removal from water using MgFe2O4 – chitosan nanocomposite.

In this work a nitrate salt of Mg and Fe were used to synthesis MgFe2O4 through a combustion route. Then MgFe2O4 - chitosan nanocomposite was synthesized using epichlorohydrin as a linker. Characterization of the sorbent was performed with FESEM, TEM, VSM, EDX and XRD techniques. Effective parameters on the adsorption process such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and fluoride concentration was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using Box – Behnken design (BBD). Isotherm study was studied at the fluoride concentration range of 10 – 100 mg/L.

The optimum value of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and fluoride concentration were 2.8, 4.5 min, 19.0 mg and 28.87 mg/L, respectively. At the optimum condition maximum removal efficiency was 98.1%. Results showed that adsorption process followed Langmuir model with capacity of 181.1 mg/g.

The result of the present work showed that the nanohybrid has good potential as a cheap magnetic sorbent for environmental remediation purpose as can be used for effective removal of fluoride from water solution.

The aim of this research was to the feasibility of reuse of Bushehr wastewater treatment plant sewage in Conocarpus lancifolius irrigation. To evaluate the microbial and plant growth characteristics, two treatments including irrigation with wastewater and irrigation with drinking water were used. 120 C. lancifolius samples, 90 samples with wastewater and 30 samples with drinking water, were irrigated for 6 months by sprinkler irrigation. Growth indices (stem length and diameter) and leaf microbial quality were measured at the end of each irrigation month. pH was measured using pH meter, electrical conductivity was measured using EC meter. Calcium and magnesium were determined using titrimetric tests. The concentrations of iron and manganese were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometer and the concentrations of phosphorus phosphate, nitrogen nitrite and nitrogen nitrate were determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometer, total coliform and fecal coliform using MPN standard method. The results showed that due to irrigation with urban wastewater, growth indices of C. lancifolius are significantly higher than irrigation with drinking water (P <0.05). The microbial contamination of the wastewater used was less than the standard of the Environmental Protection Agency of Iran for reuse in irrigation of urban green spaces.

 The increase in impervious surfaces due to the urbanization has caused many adverse effects on urban ecological systems, including the urban heat environmental risk. Revealing the relationship between land use/land cover composition and land surface temperature (LST) gives insight into how to effectively reduce the temperature in urban environments. In recent years, the expansion of Bushehr city has resulted in an increase in impervious surface, the decrease of green space and a significant change in the temperature. It is also essential to determine the influence of green spaces on the surrounding environment in urban planning of Bushehr.

 In order to reveal the comprehensive effects of green space on the urban thermal environment in the severely hot regions, this paper adopts remote sensing technology to extract and analyze green space, land surface temperature (LST), and land cover (LC) from the Landsat spectral imaging data (August 2018) with clear-sky conditions. A field survey was carried out in August 2018 and temperature and relative humidity was recorded for 13 selected green spaces in the Bushehr city. To analyze the field data, a multivariate linear regression model between temperature and relative humidity with three variables of direction, distance, and the size of green spaces was determined and interactions between variables were investigated. By applying a multivariate regression model, the relationship between temperature and relative humidity data was calculated for each point. Tukey test was carried out between the averages of temperature variations and relative humidity for each of the three variables at a 95% confidence level.

 The results of the R2 correlation coefficient from the linear regression model between normalized difference vegetation index  (NDVI) and land surface temperature equal to 0.72 indicated a high correlation between temperature and NDVI variations. The results of the temperature variation analysis with NDVI changes indicated that NDVI variations, which are actually plant frequency indices, were one of the most important factors in reducing temperature or in improving the most important ecological function of urban green space. The results of the recorded data at different intervals and directions from the green spaces indicated a gradual decrease in temperature and an increase in relative humidity by reducing the distance from the green spaces. Accordingly, the effect of green spaces on temperature and relative humidity was significant up to a distance of 60 meters (p≤0.05). The western direction had the lowest temperature and the highest relative humidity and the eastern direction had the highest temperature and the lowest relative humidity. The R2 correlation coefficient obtained from the linear model between temperature and relative humidity with the interactions between the three variables (direction, distance, and the size of green spaces) were also 0.88 and 0.95, respectively.

 The results indicated that urban green space plays a significant role in improving the urban thermal environment. By using remote sensing technology and comparing the thermal environments, we conclude that the location and distance of urban green spaces affect the thermal pattern in an urban environment. We can establish certain rules on the distribution of the urban green space and the cooling ranges in hot seasons in the surroundings of urban green spaces.

The Physical, chemical and biological parameters one of the most important factors determining the quality of drinking water. The overall purpose of this project is to investigate how the quality of water entering the plant in changing the water-color and creating the foams in different units of water purification. 

 This study is a case study and in real scale on the raw water inlet to the Koohsabz drinking water treatment plant has been done. The study was conducted over a period of 6 months (February 2016 to July 2017). In the first stage, the raw water quality was assessed according to standard methods. In the second step, the effect of each of the parameters on the color and foam formation in the water treatment process units and the mechanism of effects have been examined.

Average changes in temperature, turbidity, the color of the water entering the plant during the study period were 15.8oC, 6NTU, and 6TCU respectively and pH ranges from 6.9 to 8.4. Mean change of EC, TOC and DOC respectively is; 765 μS / cm, 5.8mg /l and 3.53mg /l. The average change UV254 and SUVA were 0.178 l / m and 5.856 L/ mg, respectively. Also, the mean changes of humic acid, surfactant, and chlorophyll a in the input raw water were 0.24, 0.05 mg / l and 2.4 μg/m2, respectively.

Investigations showed that the water quality parameters of water entering the treatment plant are effective in creating color and foam in water treatment process units.

Ozone can be used as a single technology or in combination with other processes to improve the coagulation- flocculation or biodegradability in order to remove pollutants in natural water treatment. In this study, the effects of pre-ozonation with coagulant substances on the quality parameters of drinking water were investigated using humic acid, kaolin, clay, and green algae in a pilot scale. This study was conducted under laboratory conditions (at both acidic and alkaline pH in different dosages of ozone and coagulant at ozone contact time with simulated water sample (5-20 minutes) in different scenarios). The highest removal efficiency of parameters in the state of pre-ozonation alone and preozonation with a coagulant was observed at contact time of 20 minutes, ozone dosage of 5 g/h, coagulant dosage of 25 mg/L, at alkaline pH along with a decrease in temperature. So that, the average removal rate of turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC), color, and chlorophyll a in contact time of 20 minutes was 76.9%, 52.8%, 66.6%, and 85%, respectively. However, compared to ozonation under similar conditions, the reduction in turbidity, TOC, color, and chlorophyll a was 36.13%, 24.4%, 32.13%, and 79.6%, respectively. Also, it was revealed that pre-ozonation with coagulant could effectively improve the removal of parameters. However, since pre-ozonation can be effectively used to improve the coagulation efficacy in the drinking water treatment, the pre-ozonation combined with coagulation is proposed as an alternative to conventional coagulation to improve the process of drinking water treatment plant.

The state of groundwater pollution in Torghabeh-Shandiz watershed of Khorasan County has become a major problem, particularly in respect of the increasing population, and the agricultural, industrial and commercial development. The present work attempts to interpret the groundwater vulnerability of this watershed using the DRASTIC model together with the geographic information system (GIS). The data which correspond to the seven parameters (depth to water level, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, the impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity) of the DRASTIC model were collected and converted into thematic maps with GIS. The study showed that the DRASTIC index shows lies in the range of 68 to 225 which were classified into five zones, very low, low, moderate, high, and very high-risk zone of groundwater contamination. The DRASTIC map illustrates that an area of 15.9% is a very low vulnerability, 20.29% low vulnerability, 26.33% moderate vulnerability, 24.34% high vulnerability and 13.14% very high vulnerability in the study area. The river flows from the northeast region of the watershed allows more recharge of water, which may drain the fertilizers from the surrounding agricultural lands along with it to the groundwater and hence leads to groundwater vulnerability of this region. To check the reliability of the DRASTIC index map in the field condition, groundwater samples were collected for the analysis of nitrate (NO3) which is found as one of the pollutants in groundwater resulting due to use of fertilizers during agriculture. The presence of high nitrate concentration over high to moderate risk pollution zone in the study area validated satisfactorily.

Azo dyes have different applications in industry. However they could impose carcinogenic and mutagenic influence on different organisms. Several chemical and ph ysical methods have been proposed in removing of these dyestuffs. Alternatively, biological treatment is recognized as economical and environmentally friendly method for decolorization of dyestuff wastewaters. In the current research the capacity of the removal of Remazol Black-B and Remazol Red-B by Streptomyces hygroscopicus PTCC1132 in static condition was investigated. An OA layout was constructed with four factors (temperature, pH, salt concentration and dye concentration) at four levels for the experimental design. The design and analysis of Taguchi experiments was performed by Qualitek-4 software. We showed that the Remazol Black-B decolorization can be significantly improved by Optimization of the factors involved in Remazol Black-B decolorization by S. hygroscopicus. The optimal conditions were pH 9, temperature 33oC, salt concentration 1 % and dye concentration 5000 ppm. Under optimum conditions. Thus, this straine, under the achived effective condition az a result of exprements analysis i.e, temperature 33 degree of centigriade, pH=8, and salt concentration =1% up to 100 percent of azo dyes(RR-B) with the density of(10000 ppm)will be removed aqueous medium. employing this type of bactria in biological treatment of wastwater with industrial dyes can be of great help in treatment and re-use wastewater.

This study was conducted to identify appropriate sites for shrimp farming development in North costal of the province of Boushehr using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Base layers (thematic maps) were grouped into four main land use requisites for aquaculture, namely, potential for pond construction (slope, land use type, soil depth, elevation), soil quality (soil type, texture, and pH), water availability (distance to sea, and water source), infrastructure and socio-economical status (population density, distance to roads, local markets, and hatcheries). A constraint layer was used to exclude areas from suitability maps that were not allowed to implement shrimp farming. A series of GIS models were developed to identify and prioritize the most suitable areas for shrimp farming. This study shows that the land evaluation model is useful for identifying suitable areas for shrimp farming and for allocating land for an efficient increase in income, effective conservation, and sustainable land management. It was estimated that about 1.7%(1083 ha) of the total land area were highly suitable and, 41.6% (26759 ha) were suitable in the northern costal of Bushehr for shrimp farming. Curve Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) method was used to asseessof the accurany of model. Amount of ROC method was 0.734. Field results show that since existing shrimp farms cover only (3800 ha) of land, the potential for development of shrimp farms should take into 86% (24042 ha), consideration further political and environmental issues.