فهرست مطالب v. grigorian

Iran is one of the leading countries in the world in production of many horticultural commodities such as pistachios, walnuts, almonds, apricots, apples, dates, grapes and others. In recent years, the areas under horticultural crops have increased, mainly due to high exchange rate and income as well as improvement in water consumption efficiency, the possibility of export and increasing demand. There is also a possibility of their sustainable development and production in the future. On the other hand, as the world's population grows, the need for food is increasing at an alarming rate. Using the latest statistics published by the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad and other sources, the present status of the horticultural products of each sub-sector of pomology in the years 2012 to 2018 were examined. From temperate zone fruits apple, pear, cherry, peach and apricot; from nut fruits pistachio, almond, walnut and hazelnut, from tropical and subtropical fruits dates and citrus, and from small fruits grapes and strawberries were selected. Considering that the coefficient of self-reliance of horticultural products, except for a small number of tropical fruits, is 100%, in this article, after presenting the statistics, the challenges of the current situation of pomology in the country are analyzed and approaches to overcome the problems of this sector of horticulture are suggested.

Iran is one of the leading producing countries in the world in some of exported agricultural products such as tomatoes and saffron. In recent years, the production of horticultural crops, especially greenhouse products in the country has been increasing. Due to high exchange rate and income and also high-water use efficiency, the possibility of export and increasing demand, there is a possibility of their sustainable development and production of these crops in the future. On the other hand, today, attention to vegetables due to the presence of compounds such as vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, to flowers and ornamental plants due to aesthetics and peace of mind of humans and herbal medicines due to low or lack of side effects, are increasing. Using the latest statistics published by the Iranian Ministry of Agriculture Jihad and other sources, production of vegetables, flowers, ornamentals and medicinal plants in the years from 2012 to 2018 were examined. From vegetables, potatoes, onions, tomatoes and cucurbits, from flowers and ornamental plants, cut flowers, pot plants, trees and shrubs, bedding plants and transplants, and from medicinal plants, Damask rose and saffron were selected and analyzed. In this article, after presenting the statistics, the problems of the current situation in each subsector are analyzed and finally, the most important challenges and opportunities facing these subsectors of horticulture are examined and solutions are suggested.

In this research, the status of greenhouses and their productions in Iran were investigated. This was an applied research and questionnaire was used for to obtain the data. Data were collected for locations, technological conditions, water, soil, soilless culture, type of planting, pests and diseases, marketing, production costs and others. Monovariate statistic was used for descriptive analysis. Data were obtained from selected greenhouses of six provinces of Tehran, Isfahan, Kerman, Markazi, Alborz and Fars, which had the largest areas under greenhouse cultivation. Results showed that the highest frequencies of the ages of greenhouse owners and managers were between 31 to 40 years. Educational fields of 64.5% of greenhouse owners and 62.7% of managers were unrelated to greenhouse operation. Type of culture media in greenhouses were 53.6% soil, 37.3% hydroponics and 9.1% had both types of culture media. Greenhouse coverings of 42.7% of studied greenhouses were polyethylene. Only 38.2% of greenhouses automatically controlled the temperature. Water sources of 74.5% of greenhouses were supplied from the wells and drip irrigation was used in 79.1% of greenhouses. The main cultivated crops were cucumbers (37.3%), cut flowers (25.6%), strawberries (18.2%), and tomatoes (9.1%). Other vegetables and ornamental plants comprised about 10%. Other characteristics were evaluated and suggestions were proposed for improvement of greenhouse operations.

The problems of greenhouses and their production in Iran were evaluated using data based on questionnaire. This part of investigation was related to decision making of greenhouse owners in provinces of Tehran, Isfahan, Kerman, Markazi, Alborz and Fars. Multivariate analysis was used for inferential analysis. Indices were evaluated by sequentially independent variables and 5-step Likert spectrum was used. Also, in regression analyses decision making level was selected as independent variables and each variable which affected the decision making of greenhouse owners was used as independent variable. The results of decision making of greenhouse owners on management of pest control and use of chemical fertilizers were investigated. Results showed that the decisions of greenhouse owners of different cities were not different for using chemical fertilizers, but they made different decisions for pest control. Between number of training courses, distance to market, greenhouse area, type of crop and type of greenhouse cover with decision made by greenhouse owners for using chemical fertilizers were significantly different. Also, significant difference was found between level of education, experience of greenhouse owners, distance to market and type of greenhouse cover, with decision of greenhouse owners for pest control. Finally, the results were discussed and sugestions were made for the decision making of greenhouse owners.

In an investigation carried out at the Department of Agricultural Science, IR Academy of Sciences, totally, 200 Iranian scientific journals in the fields of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources were qualitatively evaluated. In this article, results of evaluation of 10 journals published in 2014 in the field of Horticultural Sciences are reported. Ten indices were designed for evaluating the quality of published articles in journals and another 10 indices for evaluation of the format of the journals. The journals were evaluated by these indices and the obtained data were statistically analyzed to rank the journals. Results showed that 10% of the Horticultural Sciences journals published in Iran ranked “very good” 20% “good”, 40% “intermediate”, and 30% “weak”. The journals were also compared by five indices in relation to the published articles. These were innovativeness, applicability and up-to-datedness of articles and practical usefulness and necessity of publication of the journal. According to the obtained data, International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology scored high for applicability; International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology and Journal of Nuts for necessity of publication; International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology and Journal of Nuts for up-to-datedness; International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology for article innovativeness; International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology and Journal of Nuts for article practical usefulness. In general, it is suggested that publication of one or more qualified journals sponsored by scientific societies being supported and the publication of others being discontinued.

In this research, an almond (Prunus amygdalus B.) cultivar (Sahand) and four interspecific hybrid rootstocks (HS314, HS312, HS302 and GF677) of Prunus genus were subjected to the salinity levels of 1.5, 3, 6 and 9 dS m-1. The mixtures of NaCl, Na2SO4, MgSO4 and CaCl2, at ratios of 12/8, 11/1, 10/2 and 20/7 (w/v) were used respectively to prepare saline solutions. Based on the results obtained, salinity had a significant negative effect on leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area and dry and fresh weight of root and shoot. Although leaf proline concentration was increased by increasing salinity levels, but different responses were observed among the genotypes in this respect. Most of plant responses were significant in high concentrations of salinity (6 and 9 dS m-1) and there were no deleterious effects on the plants growth in 1.5 and 3 dS m-1 salinity. The variation of leaf proline was significant in all levels of salinity but increasing of proline in Sahand cultivar was lower than other genotypes and HS302, indicated the highest amount of proline in higher salt stress. Total chlorophyll and chlorophyll b were decreased significantly by increasing salinity level, but there was no significant change in chlorophyll a. Salinity led to the significant differences among genotypes related to K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ and Cl- concentrations of leaves and roots. Concentration of Mg2+, Cl- and Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio in leaves of all genotypes were enhanced by salinity stress, whereas it had not significant effect on Ca2+, K+ concentrations and Na+/ Ca2+ ratio. According to measured parameters, HS314 and GF677 were relatively salinity tolerant than others genotypes.