vahid karami

The aim of the current research was to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees working in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences in terms of the research's practical and correlational purpose. The statistical population of this research was 299 people working in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. Based on Cochran's formula and random sampling, the number of samples was 169 people. The research tools were Smith, Kendall and Howlin (JDI) (1969) and Allen and Meier (1991) organizational commitment questionnaires. The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and direct relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Likewise, the results of the regression analysis showed that job satisfaction and its components include: satisfaction with the nature of work, satisfaction with supervision, satisfaction with promotion and promotion, satisfaction with salaries and benefits, satisfaction with colleagues and satisfaction with working environment conditions. They are able to predict organizational commitment. According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that the higher the job satisfaction of the employees, the higher their commitment to the organization.

Computed tomography (CT) of the brain is associated with radiation exposure to the lens of the eyes. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize scan settings to keep radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable without compromising diagnostic image information. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the five practical techniques for lowering eye radiation exposure and their effects on diagnostic image quality in pediatric brain CT.

The following scan protocols were performed: reference scan, 0.06‑mm Pbeq bismuth shield, 30% globally lowering tube current (GLTC), reducing tube voltage (RTV) from 120 to 90 kVp, gantry tilting, and combination of gantry tilting with bismuth shielding. Radiation measurements were performed using thermoluminescence dosimeters. Objective and subjective image quality was evaluated.

All strategies significantly reduced eye dose, and increased the posterior fossa artifact index and the temporal lobe artifact index, relative to the reference scan. GLTC and RTV increased image noise, leading to a decrease signal‑to‑noise ratio and contrast‑to‑noise ratio. Except for bismuth shielding, subjective image quality was relatively the same as the reference scan.

Gantry tilting may be the most effective method for reducing eye radiation exposure in pediatric brain CT. When the scanner does not support gantry tilting, GLTC might be an alternative.

Organizational social responsibility is not just a matter for social workers or large organizations. All managers need to understand its importance and why they need to commit to it. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of different dimensions of social responsibility on the level of effective management in health donors of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. is. The method of the present research is applied based on the purpose and is descriptive-correlational in nature and the method of collecting descriptive data is from the survey branch. The statistical population of this study is 170 employees of health charities in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. Content / face validity was used to evaluate the validity. The reliability value obtained for All variables are greater than 0.7. For data collection, library method and field method have been used. Also, to investigate the relationship between variables and data analysis, statistical analysis using SPSS23 software has been used. The results showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between social responsibility and the effectiveness of health donors in the field of equity and each organization informs about the performance of management and affects the sense of responsibility and performance of tasks and achievement of organizational goals.

Dental panoramic radiography (DPR) is one of the most frequent diagnostic X-ray procedures, the application of which is currently on a growing trend. During DPR, several radiosensitive tissues, such as the lens of the eyes, parotid gland, and thyroid gland, contribute to the radiation field, and it is necessary to monitor their received dose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiation dose to the lens of the eyes, parotid gland, and thyroid gland in patients undergoing DPR at Lorestan Province, Western Iran.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 180 patients of both genders referred to DPR at two most crowded hospitals in Khorramabad, Iran, namely Tamin-e Ejtemaei (TE) and Shohada-ye Ashayer (SA) hospitals. The radiation dose measurements were carried out using LiF (Mg, Cu, P) thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). To measure the absorbed dose received by the lens of the eyes, parotid gland, and thyroid gland in each patient, five sets of three TLDs, wrapped in a thin plastic bag, were positioned over each eyelid and the anatomical position of the parotid and thyroid glands. The TLDs were read within 24 h of exposure.
The mean absorbed dose received by the lens of the eyes, parotid gland, and thyroid gland were obtained as 155, 160, and 72 µGy for the TE Hospital, respectively. These values were obtained as l24, 558, and 56 µGy, respectively, for the SA Hospital. The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the organs located outside and inside the primary beam in terms of the absorbed dose (P<0.001).
The absorbed dose received by the lens of the eyes and thyroid gland was generally lower than the values reported in similar studies. Nevertheless, the absorbed dose received by the parotid gland in the SA Hospital exceeded the recommended dose reference level of 400 µGy in DPR.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is considered as the method of choice for treatment of most stone diseases. The present study aims to evaluate radiation dose received by patients undergoing ESWL. In total, 46 patients from both genders were referred to the Shohadaye Ashayer hospital of Khorramabad, Iran and were included in the present study. Patients were positioned in anteroposterior (AP) projection and along 30° anterior oblique (AO) projection upon the X-ray fluoroscopy table and exposures were conducted. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were used for radiation dose measurements. To evaluate the entrance surface dose (ESD), each TLD chip was taped on back of patient at the entrance surfaces of the X-ray beam. The mean number of stones in each patient was 1.4. The stone sizes ranged from 7 to 29 mm, and a mean of 3200 pulses were need for each patient. The mean ESD in the postero-anterior (PA) and oblique X-ray beam entrance were obtained at 12.04 and 68.84 mGy, respectively. There was linear correlation between patient dose with fluoroscopy time, tube current (mA), tube potential (kVp) and patient position (P < 0.001); however, we found no strong correlation between patient dose with patient body mass (P = 0.837), number of shock wave pulses (P = 0.089), stone size (P = 0.773) and locations (P = 0.463). The data obtained in the current study are comparable with information available in the literature. They emphasized that ESWL exposes patients to much more radiation compared to those from conventional radiography and is in the range of computed tomography (CT) procedures. Therefore, following safety guidelines is recommended.

The use and effectiveness of traditional lead gonad shields in pediatric pelvic radiography has been challenged by several literatures over the past two decades. The aim of this study was to develop a new radioprotective gonad shields to be use in pediatric pelvic radiography.
The commercially available 0.06 mm lead equivalent bismuth garment has cropped squarely and used as ovarian shield to cover the entire region of pelvis. In order to prevent deterioration of image quality due to beam hardening artifacts, a 1-cm foam as spacer was located between the shield and patients pelvis. Moreover, we added a lead piece at the cranial position of the bismuth garment to absorb the scatter radiations to the radiosensitive organs. In girls, 49 radiographs with shield and 46 radiographs without shield was taken. The radiation dose was measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Image quality assessments were performed using the European guidelines. For boys, the lead testicular shields was developed using 2 cm bismuth garment, added to the sides. The prevalence and efficacy of testicular shields was assessed in clinical practice fromFebruary 2016 to June 2016.
Without increasing the dose to the breast, thyroid and the lens of the eyes, the use of bismuth shield has reduced the entrance skin dose(ESD) of the pelvis and radiation dose to the ovaries by 62.2% and 61.7%, respectively (P The ovarian shield designed in this study has significantly reduced the radiation dose to the ovaries without adversely affecting diagnostically image quality. The testicular shield has improved the accuracy positioning of the shield. These developed shields have potential to be use in clinical practice.

Patient's dosimetry is crucial in order to enhance radiation protection optimization and to deliver low radiation dose to the patients in a radiological procedure. The aim of this study was to assess the entrance surface dose (ESD) and radiation dose to the radiosensitive organs in pediatric pelvic radiography.
The studied population included 98 pediatric patients of both genders referred to anteroposterior (AP) projection of pelvic radiography. The radiation dose was directly measured using high radiosensitive cylindrical lithium fluoride thermo-luminescent dosimeters (TLD-GR200). Two TLDs were placed at the center point of the radiation field to measure the ESD of pelvis. Moreover for each patient, 2 TLDs were placed upon each eyelid, 2 TLDs upon each breast, 2 TLDs upon the surface anatomical position of the thyroid gland and finally 2 TLDs at the surface anatomical position of the gonads to measure the received dose.
The ESD ± standard deviation for AP pelvic radiography was obtained 591.7±76 µGy. Statistically significant difference was obtained between organs located outside and inside of the radiation field with respect to dose received (P The ESD received by patients are relatively accordance to the international recommendations. However further reduction in patient's dose in achievable by adherence to the radiation protection optimization guidelines. The data presented in our study will serve as a baseline needed for deriving local reference doses for pediatric pelvic radiography in our hospital. The study is expected to increase the awareness of medical professionals about the radiation doses in pediatric pelvic radiography.

Anode heel effect refers to reduction of radiation intensity in the anode side of X-ray tube. This variation in radiation intensity across the anode-cathode of X-ray tube can be benefited for decrease radiation exposure in some radiological examinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anode heel orientation on the radiation dose received by the testes in male patients undergoing pelvic radiography.
This is a cross-sectional study, conducted at one of the teaching hospitals of Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Science Ahvaz, Iran, from September 2015 to March 2016. In order to measure the profile of radiation intensity variation, 13 paired sets of high radiosensitive cylindrical lithium fluoride thermo-luminescent dosimeters (TLD) aligned on the cathode-anode central axis upon the table and then irradiated using routine exposure parameters. The anode of X-ray tube was positioned toward the feet for 40 patients and toward the head for 39 patients undergoing pelvic radiography. For measure the entrance skin dose (ESD), 8 TLD chips were located on the central point of the radiation field and 5 TLDs were located on the testes position to measure the dose received.
Radiation intensity profile showed that radiation intensity decrease from the cathode to the anode side. Discrepancy of radiation intensity on central axis of cathode-anode was calculated about 35%. The radiation dose received by the testes was 26.74% lower for patients the anode directed toward the feet, compared to the patients in which the anode directed toward the head (FTC: 1.260±0.296 mGy, FTA: 0.923±0.167 mGy, P In pelvic radiography, positioning of testes directed to the anode of X-ray tube can decrease the receive dose.

Increasing the x-ray film to focus distance (FFD), has been recommended as a practical dose optimization tool for patients undergoing conventional radiological procedures. In the previous study, we demonstrated a 32% reduction in absorbed dose is achievable due to increasing the FFD from 100 to 130 cm during pediatric chest radiography. The aim of this study was to examine whether increasing the FFD from 100 to 130 cm is equally effective for other common radiological procedures and performing a literature review of published studies to address the feasibility and probable limitations against implementing this optimization tool in clinical practice.
Radiographic examination of the pelvis (AP view), abdomen (AP view), skull (AP and lateral view), and spine (AP and lateral view), were taken of pediatric patients. The radiation dose and image quality of a radiological procedure is measured in FFD of 100 cm (reference FFD) and 130 cm (increased FFD). The thermo-luminescent dosimeters (TLD) were used for radiation dose measurements and visual grading analysis (VGA) for image quality assessments.
Statistically significant reduction in the ESD ranged from 21.91% for the lateral skull projection to 35.24% for the lateral spine projection was obtained, when the FFD was increased from 100 to 130 cm (P0.05).
Increasing the FFD from 100 to 130 cm has significantly reduced radiation exposure without affecting on image quality. Our findings are commensurate with the literatures and emphasized that radiographers should learn to use of an updated reference FFD of 130 cm in clinical practice.

Gonad shielding has been extensively advocated during pelvic radiography at or below reproductive ages. The popular practice of gonad shielding is placement of a lead shield in the midline of the pelvis. The aim of this study was to address the prevalence of gonad shielding and find out whether the current practice of gonad shielding can be considered as an effective method to reduce radiation exposure in patients undergoing pelvic radiography.
National and international electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLIN, EMBASE, and Google-Scholar, were searched up to January 2016. The database searches were supplemented with manual searches of reference lists. Two authors independently assessed the eligibility of all studies and extracted data.
The searches yielded a total of 243 publications. After assessing each identified study against specific inclusion exclusion criteria, 18 studies were deemed as relevant for this review. The total prevalence rate of gonad shielding was estimated at 58% (95% CI: 40 to 74%). It was estimated that only 34% (95% CI: 25 to 44%) of the radiographs had correct positioning of the shield. Also, incorrect positioning of the shield was statistically significantly higher in females than males (85% vs. 52 %; P-value Our study demonstrates that the current practice of gonad shielding during female pelvic radiography should be no longer considered as an effective method to reduce radiation exposure. Training the best qualified radiographers is the key to accurate positioning of the shield in male subjects.

Fetography has named the radiography of the fetus in utero. Due to the potential risk of radiation-induced cancers and other malignant effects, this procedure has avoided and has completely replaced by ultrasonography. However it has observed that this invasive procedure has still followed in some clinical departments.
The aim of this study was to assess the current status of the fetography and its prevalence as an un-recommended diagnostic procedure in teaching hospitals of Ahvaz, Iran.
The radiology and ultrasonography reception systems of two teaching hospitals of Ahvaz have investigated to identify pregnant patients who has undergone fetal presentation imaging (cephalic or breech) between 21 March 2013 and 21 March 2015.
In general 3741 pregnant women who have undergone fetal-presentation imaging during two past years have identified. There was significant statistically differences between X-ray and ultrasonography examinations (2528 vs. 1213; P value Women of the investigated hospital have received avoidable fetal irradiation due to fetography then it was a reason for concern. Ultrasonography should be the first-line imaging modality for pregnant women, especially in the case of fetal-presentation.

Gonad shielding has been recommended during pelvic x-rays since the 1950s. The popular method of gonad shielding is placement a lead shield in the midline of the pelvis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and utility of gonad shielding in pediatrics undergoing pelvic x-rays.
Following study approval, we retrospectively retrieved data from the digital image library of ten radiology depertments of Khuzestan provience-Iran to identify pediatric patients who underwent pelvic x-ray (anteriorposterior [AP] view). All the images were reviewed for the probable evidence of gonad shield. If there was evidence of shielding, the accuracy positioning of the shield was also investigated by a single assistant radiologist.
In all 1745 pelvic x-rays (942 girls and 803 boys) were identified of which the shield was present in 51 (5.41%) radiographs of girls and 132 (16.43%) radiographs of boys. When a shield was present; the shields has adequate positioning only in 8 (15.68%) radiographs in girls and 59 radiographs in boys. Inaccurate placement and absence of gonad shields were more common in girls than the boys. Due to the shield has concealed the anatomical criteria of the pelvis, retakes of the examination was required in 11 (21.56%) radiographs of girls and 14 (10.6%) radiographs of boys.
The current methods of gonad shielding in girls pelvic x-ray was not effective nor is justifiable. We no longer advocate of gonad shielding during girls pelvic x-ray. However in boys it is controversial and depends on the skill and effort of radiographers.

Discovery of x-ray and using of it for medical imaging have produced tremendous outcomes for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. More than 10 million diagnostic radiological procedures and 100,000 nuclear medicine exams are being performed daily around the world. According to the national commission on radiological protection and measurements (NCRP)-report 160, medical x-ray is contribute to approximately 95% of all radiological examinations that is responsible for 74% of the collective dose to the US population. Despite of unique benefits of ionizing radiations, in the field of radiation protection, they are associated with potential risks such as cancer and genetically abnormalities. The cancer risk attributable to diagnostic radiology is estimated about 0.6% to 3%. It is estimated that the radiation dose from diagnostic x-ray procedures are annually responsible for 7,587 and 5,695 cases of radiation induced cancer in the population of Japan and US, respectively. Although the radiation dose associated with most radiological procedures are very low, but rapid increasing use of radiography procedures during two past decades have been concerned due to the cancer risk associated with ionizing radiations. On the base of linear no-threshold (LNT) model of dose-response curve, any level of exposure is dangerous. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the main target of ionizing radiation. For radiological exposure with low dose, the stochastic effects such as genetic damages and leukemia are concerned. According to the recommendations of the radiation protection regulatory organizations, radiological procedure must be done with respect to social and economic factors in which exposure of patient and population kept as low as reasonable and achievable. Hence, prescription of a radiological test is acceptable only when its advantages are higher than its damages. Optimizing the different parameters such as: collimating the primary beam field to the area of diagnostic interest, exposure conditions (high kVp and low mAs), projections, exposure time and shielding can reduce the patient's exposure besides the saving of image quality. Following the radiation protection guidelines can considerably decrease the exposure risks.

Increasing the x-ray focus to film distance (FFD) has been advocated as an effective method to reduce the patients’ radiation dose. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of this technique in patient's dose and image quality in pediatric chest x-ray.
Material and Sixty pediatric patients were x-ray imaged at FFDs of 100 and 130 cm. Dose measurements were performed using thermo-luminescent dosimeters (GR200). The quality of images was independently assessed using the anatomical criteria recommended by the European guidelines.
Increasing the FFD from 100 to 130 cm has reduced the entrance skin dose (ESD) of patients by 32.2% (p 0.05).
Increased FFD to 130 cm reduce the pediatric radiation dose with no significant changes in image quality.

It is remain a main concern that pediatric chest radiographies contribute to the significant radiation exposure to the thyroid gland as a more susceptible organ to radiation induced cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the entrance surface dose (ESD) of pediatric chest radiography compared to the diagnostic reference levels (DRL) and evaluation the efficacy of the lead (Pb) shield in radiation dose reduction to the thyroid gland.
After assessing each patient against specific inclusion-exclusion criteria, 40 pediatric patients who were undergoing anterior-posterior (AP) projection of the chest x-ray were considered eligible for this study. The ESD of the chest and also ESD of thyroid gland with and without a 1 mm butterfly-shaped lead shield which placed on the thyroid gland were measured using high sensitive thermo luminescent dosimeters (TLD-GR 200).
The average of ESD for chest radiography was 0.068 0.006 mGy (0.021 - 0.232 mGy). The unshielded average thyroid ESD was 0.065 0.003 mGy compared to the shielded average thyroid ESD of 0.001 0.0005 mGy. The use of Pb-shield produced a statistically significant decrease in the average thyroid dose by about 97% (P The use of Pb-thyroid shield in the AP projection of pediatric chest radiography has potential to reduced radiation dose without compromising image quality.

The use of shielding tools and X-ray beam collimator has extensively been advocated as effective methods to reduce radiation exposure to patients underwent radiological procedures. The aim of this study was to address the use of these protection measures during infant chest radiography.
Material and 348digital and/or analogue infant chest radiographs were reviewed that performed between October- and December 2015 at four main hospitals of Khuzestan-Iran province to assessment the beam collimation. For each radiograph the area between current and acceptable collimation was calculated. Thirty eight radiographers were deeply interviewed to investigate the actual use of shielding tools and the main reasons for not using of them.
Only 54 (15.5%) radiographs [33(61%) analogues and 21(39%) digital] have satisfactory collimation. The total means area of diagnostic interest (ADI) and the region outside ADI for each radiograph was estimated 171 and 86 cm2, respectively. The irradiated region outside the ADI was significantly larger in digital than in analogue images (mean of 103 cm2 vs. 54 cm2; P The radiosensitive organs of infants located outside of ADI in hospitals investigated are at risk. Adherence to safety guideline urgently recommends.

Background and Increasing number of patients undergoing x-ray examinations has created a global concern due to the deleterious biological effects associated with x-ray exposure. Adherence to ionizing radiation protection principles could be of great benefit in decreasing these effects. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to survey radiation protection in diagnostic x-ray imaging in Iran using systematic review of published articles.
Without any time limitation, some databases including SID, Magiran, IranMedex, Irandoc, Google-Scholar, Medlin, Embase and PubMed were searched. A total of 122 articles was obtained during the primary research. After elimination of duplicate and irrelevant articles, 39 articles (published in 1997 to 2015) were selected for final review.
The researches were performed in conventional radiology centers (n=24), dental radiography (n= 8), nuclear medicine (n=2), mammography (n= 1), computed tomography (n=1), dental radiography and radiology (n= 1), and total diagnostic X-ray departments (n= 2). Totally, 874 diagnostic centers and 1677 radiographers were studied. These studies revealed undesirable level of radiation protection regarding the use of shielding tools for patients, radiation collimation, use of film bag in dental radiography, and quality control programs. But, environmental radiation doses and the use of film bag in radiology centers were found to be in appropriate level.
Despite increasing application of x-ray in medical diagnosis, radiation protection did not considerably change in Iran. So a national strategic program on radiation protection seems to be necessary. Such programs must be developed by ministry of health and radiation protection affairs of national atomic energy organization and its administration must be monitored permanently.

Gonad shielding is one of the fundamental methods by which to protect reproductive organs in patients undergoing conventional radiological examinations. A lack of or inadequate shielding of the gonads may increase the exposure of these organs and result in malignancies future generations.
The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of gonad shielding in patients undergoing conventional radiological examinations and the availability of gonad shields and gonad shielding protocols in radiology departments.
A retrospective, observational cross-sectional study on the application of gonad shielding, the availability of gonad shields and the existence of gonad shielding protocols in radiology departments was performed in five different hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran.
The highest application of gonad shielding was 6.6% for the pediatric hospital. The prevalence of gonad shielding was less than 0.2%. In 64.3% of the radiography rooms, at least one flat-contact gonad shield of a large size was available. Only large-sized gonad shields were available. Curved-contact and shadow gonad shields did not exist. Gonad shielding protocols were not existence in any of the fourteen radiography rooms investigated.
Comprehensive protection programs with on-the-job training courses for staff members are strongly recommended, as well as, the provision of radiological shields and gonad shielding protocols in radiology departments to reduce the patient’s radiation dose during radiological examinations.

In radiography, dose and image quality are dependent on radiographic parameters. The problem is caused from incorrect use of radiography equipment and from the radiation exposure to patients much more than required. Therefore, the aim of this study was to implement a quality-control program to detect changes in exposure parameters, which may affect diagnosis or patient radiation dose. This cross-sectional study was performed on seven stationary X-ray units in sixhospitals of Lorestan province. The measurements were performed, using a factory-calibrated Barracuda dosimeter (model: SE-43137). According to the results, the highest output was obtained in A Hospital (M1 device), ranging from 107×10-3 to 147×10-3 mGy/mAs. The evaluation of tube voltage accuracy showed a deviation from the standard value, which ranged between 0.81% (M1 device) and 17.94% (M2 device) at A Hospital. The deviation ranges at other hospitals were as follows: 0.30-27.52% in B Hospital (the highest in this study), 8.11-20.34% in C Hospital, 1.68-2.58% in D Hospital, 0.90-2.42% in E Hospital and 0.10-1.63% in F Hospital. The evaluation of exposure time accuracy showed that E, C, D and A (M2 device) hospitals complied with the requirements (allowing a deviation of ±5%), whereas A (M1 device), F and B hospitals exceeded the permitted limit. The results of this study showed that old X-ray equipments with poor or no maintenance are probably the main sources of reducing radiographic image quality and increasing patient radiation dose.

X-ray, is one of the oldest, and yet the most widely used form of medical photographing. X-ray is a valuable tool to diagnose and examine many diseases such as arthritis, spinal injuries, pneumonia, bronchitis and even cancer. Running a quality control program of the radiology devices can reduce the absorbed dose in the patients. The aim of this study is to take the quality control test on the diagnostic radiology devices in the selected hospitals of Ahvaz city. In this study various parameters of quality control programs were measured by the researchers, including voltage accuracy, accuracy of irradiation time, voltage repeatability, repeatability of irradiation time, output repeatability of X-ray tube, conformity of the optical field with radiation field, being the radiation field perpendicular to the film, the maximum leakage of tube and the light intensity of collimator. Evaluating the voltage accuracy revealed that the radiology devices in the hospitals (A) and (C) fell below an acceptable standard. An Assessment of the maximum leakage of the tube showed that all selected radiology devices were of a good standard. Assessing the conformity of optical field with radiation field also showed that radiology devices fell below acceptable standard in the hospitals (D) and (C). In this study, all radiology devices in the selected educational hospitals of Ahvaz city made errors in some quality control tests except the radiology devices of hospital (B). The devices are required to be calibrated and their defects to be repaired.

Diagnostic radiology is the process of obtaining a high-quality image while minimizing the doses received by patients. Radiographers’ knowledge of protection and safety principles and their correct application plays a significant role in radiation protection. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the radiographers’ protection and safety knowledge, attitude and practice in the radiology wards at several hospitals in Ahvaz County. This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional one conducted using an observation checklist and a scientific questionnaire, respectively by the researcher and radiographers to evaluate the protection and safety practice and knowledge of radiographers in some selected hospitals in Ahvaz County. The collected data were analyzed, using the SPSS version 20, through descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation test and analysis of variance. A significant correlation exists between radiographers’ educational level and their protection and safety knowledge and practice. The results shows a significant difference between the protection and safety knowledge among radiographers in the selected hospitals as well as in their attitude and practice. It was also revealed that there exist a shortage of lead apron (29%) and a low level of its use even when available; the gonad and thyroid shield and lead partition for mobile radiology were not used at all. The present study confirms the need to highlight protection and safety principles in the departments of radiology to ensure the safety of radiographers and patients. In this regard, supplying protection equipment and holding courses on radiation protection are useful.