فهرست مطالب yaghob abdali

Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of death and disability, causing an annual death of 1.23 million and tens of millions injured and injured worldwide. Meanwhile, a significant proportion of fatalities and injuries resulting from traffic accidents occur among urban accidents. According to the 2014 report of the Statistics Center of Iran, about 9% of accidents in the city lead to death and 60% lead to injuries. Therefore, due to the importance of this issue, patterns of urban accidents in the city of Ardabil were investigated using the GIS. The present study is a quantitative-analytical study. The data required for the study were extracted from the Ardabil Traffic Police as well as the municipal database and the Statistics Center of Iran. The map of Ardabil city areas was used to show the distribution of events. Nearest Neighborhood, Local Moran and Global Moran indices were used to determine the pattern of incident distribution, Medium Center Test was used to focus events, Ellipse Deviation test was used for distribution, and Kernel Density Test was used to identify the focus of the incident. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and ARC-GIS software. The results showed that the central part, northern and eastern suburbs of Ardabil are the most vulnerable areas of Ardabil in terms of intra-city traffic accidents. Intersections, squares and boulevards are the site of most traffic accidents that lead to the formation of accident hotspots

Floods as one of the natural hazards can cause much damage to cities and communities. Khorramabad city is also one of the cities exposed to this danger. Therefore, the current research aims to analyze the resilience scenarios of Khorramabad City against flood risk to provide solutions for the future. This research is practical and descriptive-analytical, and exploratory. The research data collection is based on the Delphi technique. A sample size of 44 people was determined to identify the key drivers, a sample size of 10 people was determined to develop scenarios, and the sampling method was a snowball. In this research, the key driver in the field of flood resilience of Khorramabad city was extracted using Mic Mac software, the descriptors were analyzed using Scenario Wizard, and the consistency value of flood resilience scenarios of Khorramabad city was determined. 10 key drivers and 36 possible situations were determined using the opinion of experts and the output of Mic Mac software for the future resilience of Khorramabad city against floods, and the matrix questionnaire of mutual effects was designed and sent to the experts. The results of the scenario wizard software showed that the key factors of institutions' performance, communication capacity, governance, internet infrastructure, and construction boom in the scenarios have the most adaptive value in the future resilience of Khorramabad city against floods

One of the most important issues and problems that most countries in the world are facing is natural hazards that always threaten human settlements and can cause extensive damage and casualties in a short period of time. According to the international strategic plan of the United Nations, all risks have two main sources: Natural hazards and hazards caused by human activity. Natural hazards can occur due to geological, biological, meteorological causes or processes of this kind in human life environment. One of the most important challenges today is how to deal with natural and limited events and compensate for the consequences and damages caused by them. One of the new approaches in the field of strategic management of natural hazards is to improve the resilience of societies against natural hazards. In fact, resilience is a new concept that has received attention in the last few years in the countries of the world and has been proposed as a policy in urban planning, spatial planning and geography. Looking at the category of resilience and how to analyze it, on the one hand, plays a key role in how to understand the resilience of the current situation and its causes, and on the other hand, it has a fundamental impact on policies and measures to reduce risk and how to deal with it. Based on this, the link between community development, management and disaster management is necessary to create community resilience against risks, and resilience should be the central concept of all disaster management and development programs in society. Resilience has the capacity to enter into the natural disaster management cycle before, during and after the disaster. Considering that the management of natural disasters after the accident in Iran is not in a favorable condition and after the occurrence of such incidents, people will suffer a lot of damage, it is important to pay attention to this matter.Sanandaj district in Kurdistan province is located on a very dangerous area. The area studied in this research is the city of Sanandaj. In the process of physical growth and development, the city of Sasandaj has integrated 16 Peripheral villages since 1961, And now, these villages that have experienced countless structural-functional transformations and continue to live in the form of separate and connected urban areas. Considering the growing trend of Sanandaj city due to rural-urban migrations, the villages that are around Sanandaj city are affected more than other villages in the process of uneven and unbalanced growth of Sanandaj city, Therefore, in this study, due to the spatial-location continuity of these villages with Sanandaj city, the area of study of this research will be Peripheral villages. Most of these villages, like Sanandaj city, are located on flood-prone areas and sometimes on faults, and some of them are located in landslide-prone areas, which often have low social, economic, and physical resilience. Therefore, it is necessary to study and examine the situation of strategic management of natural hazards in the Peripheral areas of Sanandaj with a resilience approach.This research is cognitive in terms of purpose, cross-sectional in terms of time, and quantitative in terms of method. To collect data and information for this research, library-documentary studies (library, documentary and virtual resources) have been used. The statistical population of this research includes experts and residents located in the dangerous areas of Sanandaj city and peri-urban villages of Sanandaj. The investigated samples were selected based on the Cochran method and in a stratified random method with a proportional allocation technique, from the villages of Peripheral and the city of Sanandaj. The method of collecting information is based on survey-exploratory technique and using quantitative and qualitative methods. In this regard, in the qualitative part, by conducting semi-structured interviews, strategic issues (problems, challenges and potentials) were identified from the experts' point of view. In the next step and in the quantitative part, weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats to the resilience of Sanandaj region were compiled and distributed based on field observation and survey. In this regard, the TOPSIS fuzzy model was used to rank the human settlements located in the Sanandaj suburbs in terms of resilience. Also, in order to identify and evaluate the most important weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats to the resilience of Sanandaj city and Peripheral villages, the SWOT analysis method was used.The results of the research show that among the dimensions of resilience in the Peripheral areas of Sanandaj city, it indicates weakness in the institutional, economic, social and environmental-physical dimensions, respectively. Also, based on the ideal answer of the TOPSIS fuzzy, respectively, Seranjiane Alia village (0.10), Arendan village (0.13), Grizeh village (0.14), Khoshkeh Dol village (0.16) And the village of Sarab Qamish (0.17) has the closest distance with the positive ideal answer and the farthest distance with the negative ideal answer. Also, Naysar urban separate area (0.31), Qalyan village (0.31), Asaule village (0.30), Babariz (0.30) and Nanleh urban separate area (0.29) have the farthest the distance to the ideal answer is positive and the closest answer to the ideal option is negative. In other words, the villages of Saranjianeh Alia, Arendan, Grizeh, Khoshkeh Dol and Sarab Qamish have the highest level of resilience in Sanandaj suburbs. The separated urban area of Naysar, the villages of Qalyan, Asaule and Babariz, and the separated urban area of Nanleh have the lowest level of resilience in the Peripheral area of Sanandaj. According to the amount of similarity index, the villages and urban areas of Peripheral district of Sanandaj were ranked. According to the similarity index, Saranjiane Alia village (0.73), Arndan village (0.66), Grizeh village (0.63), Khoshkeh Dol village (0.58) and Sarab Qamish village (0.56) are ranked first to fifth. In other words, the villages of Saranjianeh Alia, Arendan, Grizeh, Khoshkeh Dol and Sarab Qamish have the highest level of resilience in Sanandaj suburbs. Also, Nayser (0.19), Qalyan (0.20), Asaule (0.22), Babariz (0.23) and Nanleh (0.24) separate urban districts are ranked low, And they have the least resilience in the suburbs of Sanandaj.

Today, the discussion of the resilience of residential areas is considered one of the most important study topics in the world. Since the world is constantly and constantly involved in many issues including natural and human accidents, it is necessary to have safe settlements against human and natural hazards. During the past centuries, the world has seen some unexpected epidemics and pandemics such as the outbreak of tuberculosis, polio, cholera, AIDS, influenza, Sars and recently, Covid-19. Therefore, increasing or improving the capacity of a system is very important for standing and recovering from epidemics. In this research, the aim is to evaluate the effects of the diversity of rural women's economic activities on the resilience of rural settlements against corona disease in the rural settlements of the central part of Neka city. This research is a practical and quantitative study. The results showed that the level of economic and physical resilience of the rural settlements in the central part of Neka city is lower than the average assessment, and the level of social resilience is at the average level. According to the linear regression test, the variation of women's economic activities with a beta of 0.428 has had the greatest impact on the resilience of rural farming households.Also, the variables of the diversity of women's economic activities in the agricultural and non-agricultural sector are directly influencing the increase of the resilience of rural households.

Crimes are taken into account as the most common social problems observed in most cities across the world which can also bring about negative effects on mental, physical, and financial aspects of individuals’ lives. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform a spatio-temporal analysis of theft-related crimes in inefficient urban spaces and textures of the central part of Tehran (Districts 11 and 12), Iran. To this end, a comparative analysis research design was used and then the spatio-temporal patterns of theft-related crimes committed in the central part of Tehran were identified and investigated through statistical and graphic-based tests within the geographic information system (GIS). The information required in terms of the types and the number of crimes was also obtained via library method from the Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Islamic Republic of Iran Police) in Tehran metropolitan area. The findings of the present study revealed that the crime hotspots had been distributed in a clustered pattern in the central part of Tehran. Moreover; temporal analysis of months, days of the week, and overnight hours of the opportunities for the occurrence of all theft-related crimes in the central part of Tehran demonstrated that the third ten days of the month, three final seasons of the year, and the first starting days of the week between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. were the peak times of the crimes committed. The findings suggested that the large number of urban worn-out textures, high levels of intrusiveness in these areas, presence of abandoned lands, as well as lack or absence of some public urban services and facilities for citizens could affect the geographical distribution of types and number of crimes as well as the formation of their spatial patterns. It was assumed that renovation and reconstruction of worn-out textures, organization of buildings including the removal of corners, unfinished buildings, as well as ruined ones, modification of the physical structure of residential areas, widening streets under 6 meters, creating passages for blind alleys, encouraging residents to maintain beauty and security through holding sociocultural programs, locating police stations, and establishing healthy entertainment and recreational centers to increase official surveillance in the central part of Tehran could reduce the possibility of the damage caused by such textures and finally lower crime rates.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the resilience indices of Khorramabad against flood risk with a futures research approach.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research includes experts familiar with urban issues in the city of Khorramabad. The sample size was obtained by snowball sampling method of 44 people and MICMAC software was used to analyze the data of this research.

Research findings show that the variables of independent population, at-risk infrastructure, access / evacuation potential, population stability and construction boom have the highest overall impact ratings. Also, the variables of urban land cover change ratio, infrastructure, Access to transportation, communication capacity and equality of educational facilities have the highest overall impact ratings. Regarding the six dimensions of research, the rankings of influence belong to the physical, institutional, social, economic, environmental and social capital dimensions, respectively. Generally among 37 investigated variables in this research, 9 variables such as independent population, building strength, building age, building ownership, medical care capacity, internet infrastructure, good governance, access / evacuation potential and also endangered infrastructure were selected as effective and key variables in urban or city resistance.

Every planning for Khorramabad city resistance must has main role for mentioned factors. Mentioned variables have high dominance power in Khorramabad city resistance increasing and their correlation is low and also they are first priority in Khorramabad city resistance.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the urban alleviation criteria in central crime centers of Tehran (districts 11 and 12) against earthquakes. The research methodology in this research was descriptive-analytical and purposeful for the purpose of this research, and the data were collected by means of documentary and survey methods. The statistical population consisted of residents of crime centers of 11th and 12th districts of Tehran. The sample size was 384 according to Cochran formula. They were randomly selected. To analyze the data, one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation and Friedman correlation were used. The results of single-sample t-test showed that the mean of satisfaction of residents in social dimensions is 2.33, economic 2.9, institutional 1.87 and physical body 2.47 are at the lower level. Pearson correlation was also used to investigate the correlation coefficients of resiliency with total resiliency. This test showed that the quadruple dimensions of resiliency have a direct and significant relationship with total resiliency, that is, by increasing each resilience dimension by the total amount urban resilience is also added. The results of Friedman test showed that the physical dimension (3.11) was ranked first and economic dimension (2.58) was in the second place, social dimension (2.28) was in the third place, and institutional dimension (2.04) is ranked fourth, which is set as the least important dimension.

Mehr housing scheme in 1386 as one of the key policies of the government was used for the development of construction and housing. Mehr housing scheme with the main feature of the reduction of housing prices and the largest national project in the sphere of housing is based on the constitution and the government's plan to provide housing for helping the target groups (low and middle income deciles). Despite the 10-year age of the Mehr housing project, the purposes for which it was intended, i.e., housing and challenging are the issues that have not been created in the project. The Mehr housing project has been the largest national housing due to its expansion and the new projects need to review the results of this experience too. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the satisfaction of residents of housing complexes of Nourabad in terms of access, quality of housing in the neighborhoods, strength and beauty, the noise level and the populated areas, as well as the basic facilities. The research method in the present study is descriptive - analytical and the necessary data were collected using documentary and scrolling through the distribution of questionnaires and interviews. The study population and sampling was restricted to the Nourabad housing residents due to the limitations of randomly selected samples. Of the 255 households residing in the city, 180 households have been questioned. The data analysis was performed using the SMART-PLS and SPSS software. The results showed that the satisfaction of the residents of housing in terms of access and the strength and beauty were at the average level of satisfaction while the quality of the neighborhood and the basic facilities were lower than the intermediate level. Also, there was a direct and positive correlation between the satisfaction of housing and its components.

Increasing the problems caused by population density in cities has led the owners to discriminate and solve urban problems. In order to mitigate the dilemmas caused by the unsustainable growth of urban spaces, think tanks have suggested the idea of smart urban growth, urban intelligent growth as A powerful tool in measuring the concentration or dispersion of a city's growth within the framework of the common and ideal patterns nowadays plays an indelible role in the development, transformation and shaping of human settlements, especially cities. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to investigate the physical-spatial intelligence of urban intelligence using geographic data. The present research is based on the objective of developmental and quantitative analytical methodology based on library studies and spatial data. In analyzing the data of this research, the statistical-graphical methods have been used in the ArcGIS, Excel and GeoDa. The results of the analysis of the indices using the base-based graphic tests show that Khorramabad city has a long way to go with the principles of urban intelligence in terms of selected indicators. This indicates the significant difference between selected indicators and the principles of smart urban growth. The results of basic graphics and graphing tests are in line with each other. In this regard, there is agreement and compatibility between these tests that low degree of aggregation, unbalanced distribution in Khorramabad city, dispersion, cluster, development, and fatigue and the development of disjointed and discontinuous, and in general the growth of horizontal dispersion is superfluous.

The Mehr Housing Plan is one of the plans to reduce the housing problems of low-income Iranians. So over time it has not been very welcomed. In this regard, the present study seeks to investigate the most important factors affecting the lack of Mehr housing in Iran. The research method was descriptive-analytical. 45 experts, especially Mehr Housing Experts, were used to collect the data. SMART-PLS software was used for data analysis. The results showed that the six indicators (physical, institutional-managerial, economic, socio-cultural, legal and locational) selected had a positive and significant effect on housing project disapproval. Among the social and cultural indices, the coefficient   0.255 had the most effect on the lack of housing Mehr.

The decline of the quality of urban life as a result of the formation of complex problems in different economic, social, environmental, physical, and institutional dimensions has made the importance of using a good urban governance model to promote livability essential.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial effects of good urban governance on the livability of crime hot spots in the central part of Tehran.

This study was an applied and descriptive-analytic research in terms of purpose and method. In order to collect the required research data, two methods of documentary and survey analysis have been used. The research tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the residents of 11th and 12th regions of central part of Tehran, in a crime center with a population of 529604 people, 400 of whom were selected as sample size. Based on the documented results, good urban governance and urban livability indices were analyzed by One Sample T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression.

The results showed that the status of good urban and livability indices in the crime hot spots of central part of Tehran was undesirable. There was also a weak to moderate relationship between good urban governance and urban livability. The results of multivariate regression also showed the moderate and significant effect of good urban governance indicators on the livability of crime hot spots in the central part of Tehran. Among the eight criteria of good urban governance, the indicators of justice, efficiency, and effectiveness, and legality with beta coefficients of 0.530, 0.496 and 0.427 had the highest impact on the livability of crime hot spots in the central part of Tehran.

The innovation of this research was in methodology. Using spatial data of crimes, crime hot spots were identified, and by using the spatial questionnaire, the effects of favorable urban governance on the livability of crime hot spots in central part of Tehran were analyzed.

Today, cities and residential societies are mainly established where they are subject to different types of natural disasters or are subject to different man-made disasters due to technological advancements. Hence, one of the most important requirements is addressing the physical issues of urban residential textures and the concept of resilience and consequently, retrofitting these textures in case of possible incidents and hazards. The currently studied domain was the residential texture of Bojnourd County with a total population of 233810, with 34557 residential buildings and a total area of 7859902 m2. This study is an applied research in terms of objective and in terms of methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical research based on physical-structural approaches. In order to obtain the objectives of this research, selected indices such as the structural skeleton, materials, the number of floors, gradation, building age, and the quality of buildings were extracted. In order to determine the trends of the patterns, the regression tool was used. Also, for weighting of the layers in the spatial data, the spatial autocorrelation tool of Weights Manager, available in Geoda software, is utilized. Moran’s I tool is used for determining the type of physical resilience distribution (clustered, random, and sparse). Furthermore, Anselin Local Morans spatial autocorrelation tool in ArcGIS software was used for studying the spatial distribution of the residential texture resilience prioritization. The spatial results in the current study shows that 2235783 m2 i.e. 28.45% of the total area including 10187 residential blocks are in the relatively low to very low resilience range and 3513732 m2 i.e. 44.70 of the total area including 15269 residential blocks are in the medium resilience range which require immediate planning. Finally, based on the findings of this research and within the framework of the six selected components, suggestions are made on the physical resilience of the residential texture of Bojnourd County.

 One of the problems that have always threatened the lives of human societies over many centuries is the occurrence of disasters and disasters that, if unaware and unprepared, cause irreparable damage to various aspects of human life, including social, economic, Imports the environment, psychology, etc. Today, due to the rapid change of cities, part of the urban fabric due to inefficiency have failed to establish a proper relationship with their environment and service to the users. In the meantime, threats such as the existence of hazards, the mismatch of tissues with present-day needs, as well as the wear and tear of these urban tissues, and in particular residential tissues, have been threatened, hence one of the most important requirements for addressing the physical problems of tissues. Residential in cities and explaining the concept of resilience and consequently the resilience of these tissues in the face of potential accidents and hazards. Today, there is a dramatic shift in attitude towards residential contexts worldwide, with the dominant focus being on reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience to any risk. This paradigm with multidisciplinary approach and twist planning It utilizes ecosystems to increase the capacity of ecological systems to absorb disturbances and to maintain the necessary feedback, processes, and inherent structures of the system.The main problem of cities in Iran, which has always driven urban planners and officials, is the physical decline and problematic urban texture or poor texture in the urban space and the adverse effects of non-compliance with resilience principles in urban areas. This field can be upgraded. Bojnourd, as an emerging metropolis, suffers from undesirable textures, influenced by development factors such as the establishment of industries, particularly heavy industries, and the acceptance of immigrant floods, as well as the temporal incompatibility of urban textures with existing needs. Considering the special status of Bojnourd metropolis and its importance in social and cultural dimensions among the cities of eastern Iran and its highs and lows and its importance at national level, its study as a city has a history of resilience. It is very important.

This study is an applied research in terms of objective and in terms of methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical research based on physical-structural approaches. In order to obtain the objectives of this research, selected indices such as the structural skeleton, materials, the number of floors, gradation, building age, and the quality of buildings were extracted. In order to determine the trends of the patterns, the regression tool was used. Also, for weighting of the layers in the spatial data, the spatial autocorrelation tool of Weights Manager, available in Geoda software, is utilized. Moran’s I tool is used for determining the type of physical resilience distribution (clustered, random, and sparse). Furthermore, Anselin Local Morans spatial autocorrelation tool in ArcGIS software was used for studying the spatial distribution of the residential texture resilience prioritization.

 To analyze the map of the resilience indices, after determining the status quo and categorizing each index based on the degree of resilience (high resilience to non-reflux), vectors were presented based on spatial representation. Examination of the building skeleton in the study area shows that about 40% have no skeleton, 31% steel and 28% concrete. Examination of the number of building floors in the study shows that of the existing buildings, about 74% are single storeys, 20% are two storeys, about 4% are three floors, and about 2% are four and more than four floors. The quality of the buildings has been evaluated based on five criteria: new, acceptable, repairs, demolition and lack of quality; Relatively high-rise buildings in this area, especially in the central areas of tissue, have complied with the lack of standards in recent construction due to the inability of residents to settle and mainly in the marginal areas. Also the criteria for renovating, accepting, demolishing and lacking quality include 31.54%, 28.27% and 4.54% of the existing buildings in the study area, respectively. In this paper, the size of the disaggregated fragments, the area of the studied fragments are classified into four classes of less than 100 m 2, 100 m 2 to 200 m 2, 200 m to 300 m 2 and more than 300 m 2, each of which 2.99%, 28.36%, 32.84% and 35.80% of the study area were included. The status of the materials used in the buildings under study was 31.54%, brick and cement 28.27%, cement block 35.69% and brick 4.58%, respectively. Surveying the life expectancy and age of existing buildings in the study area shows about 40% more than 30 years, 31% less than 10 years, 28% between 20 and 30 years, and less than 1% between 10 and 20 years.

 In the present study, after extraction of physical resilience indices of residential texture in Bojnourd, the regression tool was used to detect pattern trends, and spatial autocorrelation method was used to weight the layers in spatial data. Moran's I tool was used to determine the physical resilience distribution of residential texture (cluster, random, and dispersed). Also, the spatial distribution of resilience indices in residential texture was used by the Anselin Local Morans method and texture preferences were extracted with respect to the existing spatial and spatial relationships and priorities were determined at very high to very low resilience levels. Physical resilience of residential texture of Bojnourd city was categorized into five spectra, among which the average resilience with the highest percentage (70/44 which covers 3513732 sqm of residential texture of Bojnourd) was 1763787 sqm or 22.44% of the total area. Residential texture in very low resiliency which needs to be programmed for these parts of the tissue as soon as possible, 1701504 m 2 (21.65%) Residential texture in high resiliency, 471996 m 2 (6.1%) Low yields and 408883sq m (5.20%) are in high recovery condition.

 There is a huge potential in the usage of renewable energy sources because these natural resources are inexpensive and harmless to the environment. Solar, wind, and geothermal energies are among the renewable energies. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of the fastest growing renewable energy technologies across the world. Solar energy is a practical and suitable technology, especially in arid areas with high solar energy potential. The first step in using renewable energy in Iran was in 1994, and since then, much attention has been paid to this type of energy in the society and the government. In Iran, 850 million tons of greenhouse gases are produced annually. Consequently, renewable energy sources such as solar energy can have a significant impact on reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. The integration of GIS and MCDA helps the decision maker to perform decision analysis functions such as ranking the options to select a suitable location so that the GIS is used as a powerful and integrated tool for storing, manipulating and analyzing the solar energy criteria. The use of the MCDA method can facilitate the evaluation and selection of the most appropriate location (s), taking into account the key criteria in the decision-making process. In this study, the optimal areas for the construction of the solar power plants have been identified in five highly optimistic, optimistic, moderate, pessimistic, and highly pessimistic levels using the spatial criteria and the OWA model. One of the most prominent features of this research in relation to the other articles is the inclusion of the concept of risk into the solar power plant site selection process to determine the optimum areas for the construction of solar power plants using the OWA model. 

The primary data used in this study include the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived from the Aster satellite data for the extraction of solar radiation and the region slope, the extraction of the mean land surface temperature for 2017 using the Terra Sensor MOD11A1, the preparation of the average map of the vegetation for 2017 using MODRA13A2 Terra sensor, the 1.250000 fault map prepared by the geological organization, the statistics and data of the rainfall prepared by the Meteorological Organization of Chahar mahal-o-Bakhtiari province, shapefile of road network prepared by the Organization of Roads and Urban Development,  the climaticshapefile of  the country prepared by the Iran Meteorological Organization, the shapefile of urban areas generated by the National Cartographic Center (NCC).The proposed methodology works by employing AHP to obtain the appropriate weights for each criterion, and utilizing OWA to extract suitable locations to varying degrees of risk. Sensitivity analysis for the criteria weights were conducted by virtue of the OAT method. 

The northern sectors of Razavi Khorasan province are endowed with cold temperatures and cold mountainous climate, which has had a substantial contribution to the increased cloudy and rainy days as well as the relatively extensive vegetation cover in this area. In this light, with respect to all ‘ORness’s, the target areas fall within the ‘very unsuitable’ and ‘unsuitable’ classes for construction of solar power plants. Moreover, the high slope factor in these areas has contributed to high levels of surface radiation, albeit, as the slope criterion is considered a constraint, the target areas are, in fact, not suitable for the construction of solar power plants. Moving southwards, the suitability of the regions, in terms of construction of solar power plants, tends to shift in the positive direction (very suitable class), which is most likely the result of the low rainfall and vegetation cover in conjunction with high surface temperatures in these areas, as opposed to their counterparts in the north. Areas falling within the very suitable class for construction of solar power plants in Razavi Khorasan can be realized by dint of calculating the percentage of area attributed to each class at ORness = 0.5 per city. The findings show that cities located towards the south and southwest of the province contribute to the highest area in the suitable class, while counties in the northern regions have the lowest share of area in the very suitable class. The highest sensitivity in locating suitable areas in Razavi Khorasan province were observed among the factors of slope, road, and urban criteria. Alterations in the weights assigned to these criteria would entail a significantly strong impact on the extent of the very suitable class. This highlights the significance of accurately determining the weights for these three criteria in Razavi Khorasan Province. Based on the findings, the rate of change in weight assigned to the of fault criteria ranges from 0 to 0.2, which in turn causes substantial change in the area of regions in the very suitable class extent. However, setting the criteria weight at between 0.2 and 1 appears to have no significant effects in the area of this class. 

The results of this research indicate that the northern parts of Razavi Khorasan province are highly unsuitable and unsuitable for all of ‘ORness’ values, while a significant extent of ​​the highly suitable class for the construction of solar power plants is comprised of sectors of the southern regions. Areas within the very suitable class corresponding to an ORness=1 comprise 5% of the class, whereas those with an ORness=0 have a 74% share. The three cities of Ferdows, Bardaskan, and Gonabad, had the highest share of the area attributed to the very suitable class (0.8-1), as maintained by a per city analysis of the area for each class. However, the cities of Dergas, Quchan, Mashhad, and Kalat had no share of the areas within ​​the very suitable class. This most probably stems from the high geographic latitudes of said regions, which has engendered unsuitable climatic conditions in these areas. Finally, results from sensitivity analysis of the criteria showed that increases in the weights assigned to the factors of slope, road, and urban criteria, would cause a further increase in the area of the very suitable class. Stated differently, the selection of suitable locations for the establishment of solar power plants is highly sensitive to these criteria. Changes in the weight of the surface temperature criterion had no considerable effect on the area of the very suitable class. Moreover, shifts in the weight allotted to solar radiation and precipitation in the province, ranging from 0 and 0.6, brought about substantial changes in the area of ​​the very suitable class. Whereas, shifts within the 0.6–1 range had no significant effects on the area of the very suitable class.

As the study area, the worn-out texture of Bojnourd was found to be incapable of accommodating those who commute in it, especially as a context in which urban problems of Bojnourd are accumulated. It is due to the excessive use and fatigue of this part of the city. This research is descriptive-analytic in terms of the methodology, and its nature is theoretical-practical in terms of purpose. Collection of the data was done through three methods of field work, library study as well as using software and applied models. To analyze the data, the multivariate weighting method was used according to the coefficient and the different impact of each criterion on the vulnerability. Also, AHP-FUZZY technique was used for weighting the variables. Neighborhoods were then extracted and identified, and, using the Arc GIS 10.4.1 software, neighboring maps was developed. In addition, the weighted maps were given fuzzy functions and standard privacy that they lacked through a fuzzy membership program. Finally, using the Fuzzy overly as a tool with a 0.9 gamma, a risk map was derived for Birjand old texture. The results show that there is almost no place in the old texture that is left undamaged. In this case, the most vulnerable part is from the center of the texture to the western margin of the city. Also, the overall risk profile of the area indicates that the whole worn-out part of Bojnord is at a moderate to high risk.

Natural disasters have always been considered to be a great challengefor sustainable development throughout the world. Consequently, the paths to this development through the vulnerability reduction patterns are very important. Therefore, it is particularly important to reduce the risks of these disasters and necessary to consider a proper position in the national policy-making of countries in order to provide an appropriate condition for the effective reduction of the risks in different levels. Most of the plans made in the field of earthquake management are limited to the time interval during and after the occurrence of the crisis and less attention is paid to the pre-disaster planning. Among the plans for the risk reduction, resilience can be considered a more accurate and successful plan due to its consideration of social, institutional, economic, and physical aspects of a city. In fact,it aims to reduce the vulnerability of the communities and prepare people to face the risks caused by natural disasters. The management of natural disasters requires understanding their nature, accurate assessments, planning and finally providing proper strategies. Hence, it is very important to explain the relationship between resilience in natural disasters (such as earthquake) and reducetheir impact given the results that it might have and the emphasis of this analysis on the aspect of resilience.

The present study is an applied study in terms of purpose and is adescriptive survey type in terms of research method. Documentary method based on library studies and survey approach with a questionnaire tool was used to collect the research data. The assessment criteria for the resilience of urban communities were first determined in the present study. Then, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the residents of Nourabad and Maskan-e Mehr in order to prepare the initial matrix for these criteria. The study population consists of the residents of Nourabad and Maskan-e Mehr of this city. Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample size. According to the initial results of the census conducted in 2016, the population of Nourabad, including the residents of Maskan-e Mehr, was 66417. Therefore,given this population, the sample size was obtained to be 384 for the city of Nourabad using Cochran’s formula and the sample size for Maskan-e Mehr was obtained to be 500 households with household dimension of 5.5, given the number of households settled in Maskan-e Mehr until the end of 2017. The sample size was estimated to be 340 people for Maskan-e Mehr using Morgan’s table,. The scoring basis of the criteria was based on Likert 5-point scale with1 representing very low, 2 low, 3 medium, 4 high, and 5 very high. Finally, the average point of this questionnaire was considered as the initial matrix for VIKOR model. In the proposed method, the final weight of the criteria was determined based on AHP pair-wise comparison matrix. Finally, the criteria were ranked based on VIKOR technique procedure. In general, the findings of the current research were analyzed through hierarchy analysis and integration of the indices using VIKOR technique.

In the first step, the raw data of each criterion associated with the resilience of Nourabad County and Maskan-e Mehr, which were extracted from the questionnaire, were used and the decision-making matrix was created. In the second step, Equation (1) was used to obtain the weight normalization matrix for Nourabad and Maskan-e Mehr. In the third step, AHP method was used for the weighting of the normalized matrix and determining the weight of the indices. The weights of the proposed indices were determined by the residents of Nourabad County and Maskan-e Mehr and were calculated using the AHP method in Excel 2013 software and were assigned to each index. After determining the weight of the criteria, the values of the normalized matrix for each option was multiplied by the weight of the criteria and consequently, the weighted normalized matrix was obtained. In order to determine the best and worst values for the criteria, equations (2) and (3) i.e. determining the positive and negative ideal points were used. Equations (4) and (5) were used to calculate the distance of the options from the ideal solution. Finally, VIKOR index (Qi) was used to rate the resilience of Nourabad County and Maskan-e Mehr based on the distance from the ideal solution. Generally, the views of the residents of Nourabad and Maskan-e Mehr were combined through VIKOR method to determine the value and importance of the criteria and the final weights of the criteria were determined using the AHP method. Applying the obtained weight on the initial values of the criteria and combining the weight indices, Nourabad County and Maskan-e Mehr were prioritized in terms of resilience.

The results obtained from VIKOR technique showed that this method, as one of the multi-criteria decision-making method, has capabilities including multi-attribute utility theory or non-ranking methods. On this basis and after calculating the weights through hierarchy analysis process and using VIKOR technique, the difference in the resilience of Nourabad County and Nourabad Maskan-e Mehr was determined. Based on the calculations and the associated indices, Nourabad County has the highest resilience level with S=0.763, R=0.49, and Q=0.966, whilethe Maskan-e Mehr of this city has the lowest resilience with indices S=0.666, R=0.272, and Q=0.626. Given the Q index, Nourabad County (pre-created communities) has a more favorable condition in terms of resilience against natural disasters (earthquakes) compared to the Maskan-e Mehr of this city (planned communities) in social, institutional, economic, and physical aspects.

Security as a basic need has a special place in human societies. Planners and designers of social spaces, especially cities, strive to provide security to users of those spaces by identifying security threat factors, especially in public spaces. As half of human communities, women have a distinct relationship with space through biological characteristics, responsibilities, and a different perspective than men. They need special space facilities to increase their confidence in the safe presence of urban spaces, especially public spaces such as parks. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the safety of women in the Behsat Park (Khazaneh) of District 16 of Tehran. In order to measure the social security of women in these areas, three dimensions of social, physical, and environmental surveillance related to a sense of security have been assessed. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the variables studied and women's sense of security above 95% with a significant degree (Sig = 0.000). Overall, the rate of social security surveillance of women with variable social control with a coefficient of 0.682 has the highest effect on non-use of women in the park.

Urban resilience refers to the ability of a metropolitan, spatial and temporal system to maintain or return rapidly to the desirable performance of the past, against natural disorientations for sustainability with change. The purpose of this research is to analyze the urban resilience criteria in the worn-out texture of Tehran's 10th earthquake zone. The method of research in this research is descriptive-analytical and purpose of the research in relation to the subject of the research, and the data have been collected by documentary and survey methods. For data analysis, one-sample T-test, Pearson, Friedman, regression, used in Geoda software, Ancelin locale Moran and Moran's I were used. The statistical population consisted of residents of 10th district of Tehran, 384 people were randomly questioned. The results showed that the physical dimension (3.11) was important in the first place and the economic dimension (2.58) was in the second place, social dimension (2.28) was in the third place and the institutional dimension (2/04) is in fourth place, which is set as the least important dimension. Finally, it can be stated that the utility of urban regeneration in the 10th district of Tehran against the natural hazards with regard to all dimensions and components is very weak, therefore, this area is resistant to natural hazards and low stability.

Crime as the most important social problems in many cities in the world that has a negative impact on the lives of people with mental, physical and financial shares. This article aims to inefficient spatial analysis of crime in the context of the neighborhood martyr Tehran Harandi District 12 is performed. The research method in this study is an analysis and matching to identify and understand patterns of crime in the neighborhood Harandi statistics and graphics based on GIS is used, the information needed for the amount and type of crime as a library of Tehran Police is derived. The findings showed that crime hotspots in the neighborhood Harandi are randomly distributed. On the other hand high levels of exhaustion, high permeability, and the presence of vacant lots and abandoned as well as the lack of some required applications of citizens, to increase geographical distribution and type of crime rate and the formation of spatial patterns of crime have been effective. It seems that with the improvement and renovation of old ones and modifying the physical and physical spaces, widening the passages under 6 meters and make way for streets impasse, locate police centers and recreational spaces and leisure healthy increase in official monitoring in this area can be possible the vulnerability of these communities and reduce crime.

In recent decades, in line with the rapid growth of urbanization, the quality of life, as a substitute for material well-being, has become the main social goal of different countries. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to analyze and evaluate the components of quality of life in crime centers in district 12 of Tehran municipality. The method of this study is a descriptive-analytical approach and the data collection is based on library studies (documents) and field observations. At first, the crime centers were identified by using ArcGIS software through extensions of kernel density, and then 400 questionnaires were randomly filled out at the crime centers. In order to analyze the studied variables, SPSS software and one sample t-test and Pearson correlation test were used. The results of one sample t-test showed that the average mean of residents' satisfaction in socio-cultural dimensions 2.63, economic1.98, security 2.56, access to daily shopping centers 2.86, access to recreational centers 2.65, access to training centers 2.43, environmental 2.33, urban infrastructures 2.83, housing 2.37, transport and traffic 2.58 and urban governance 24.24 were at a lower level. Also, Pearson correlation was used to examine the correlation coefficients of dimensions of quality of life with total quality of urban life. The test indicated that the eleven dimensions of quality of life have a direct and significant relationship with the total quality of urban life, meaning that each dimension of quality of life increases with the amount of total quality of urban life. Finally, the results mentioned that the desirability of urban quality of life in the crime center of district 12 in Tehran was very poor due to all dimensions and components, so this part of Tehran has a low quality of life.

Urban devotion is one of the most prominent phenomena in Iranian-Islamic cities, which has had a great influence on the establishment and survival of institutions and cultural, economic and social centers, and they have been the source of effective moves in different periods of history. This phenomenal phenomenon has attracted urban scholars in recent years. The number and variety of scientific articles published in the field of Endowment in Iranian-Islamic cities is one of the hallmarks of the trend of researchers in this sense. This paper deals with the method of meta-analysis to review articles published in Farsi-language scientific journals published in the years 1389 to 1396. This research shows that published articles in Endowment domain in Iranian-Islamic cities are more qualitative and based on documentary analysis. Based on the results of this study, in general, Endowment studies in Iranian-Islamic cities in our country can be placed in two broad categories; first, studies of the impact of endowments on the development and physical formation of Iranian-Islamic cities, and the effect of endowment on social components , Economic and cultural in the Iranian-Islamic city. In the first approach, researchers in the form of a process seek to influence the endowment in physical and spatial development, as well as the formation of urban spaces in Iranian-Islamic cities, and on this basis they have analyzed the space of Iranian-Islamic cities. The results of the survey show that the first category has more research (60%).

Nowadays, a large number of cities and settlements are built in places that are exposed to natural or man-made disasters. So, addressing the physical problems of residential buildings of cities and explaining the concept of resilience are two essential issues to be considered. Thus, enough attention should be paid to rehabilitating such problematic tissues. The study area comprises the central part of Hamedan, with 55387 inhabitants and 13663 residential buildings with an area of ​​29722351 square meters. Based on aim, the present study is an applicable research and based on methodology it is a descriptive-analytical one which follows a physical-structural approach. Investigated indices in the present study include: building structure, material types, number of floors, aggregation, building age, permeability, building quality and number of units. Spatial Autocorrelation method was used to explore patterns of regression and to weigh the spatial data layers. Also Spatial Autocorrelation technique of Moran (Aselin local Morans) has been applied to investigate the spatial distribution pf residential resielience prioritization. Results of the present study show that 22147924 square meters (74.52 percent of the total area), which includes 7280 building blocks locates in low-resielence to non-resielence range of measure. Such a situation necessitates a quick and mitigate planning for rehabilating the area specially in case of building structure, permeability, building quality and building age.

Today, following the rapid changes in cities, part of urban texture has failed to establish a proper connection with its environment and servicing to the users due to deterioration and inefficiencies. The existence of a widespread worn texture is one of the most important challenges facing urban managers, urban planners and architects, because the lack of attention to these structures causes the decline of city and its heterogeneous development and the creation of new towns on the edge of the old city. Due to the fact that a significant part of the problems of Ahwaz city has appeared in district 1 of the city, it was considered as the study area, and the central part was studied due to the excessive wear of the texture and the severe deterioration process. The present research is an applied-developmental research in terms of objectives, and a descriptive-analytical one in terms of methodology based on library studies and field investigations. In order to achieve the research goals, the building Structure Indexes, material, number of floors and building age were extracted. Regression tools were used to explore pattern trends, and spatial autocorrelation method existing in Geoda software was used to weigh the layers in spatial data. To examine the vulnerability of worn out texture by using Anselin local Morans method, the cluster & outlier analysis tool from the tool set available in Spatial Statistics Tools relating to the ArcGIS Software was used. The results of this study indicate that 45.83 percent of the surface area is in the range of medium to high vulnerability, suggesting that a large part of the worn out texture in the central area of Ahwaz is somehow in need of passive defense planning.

Islamic Republic of Iran hosts the largest refugee populations in the world. According to the statistics officially announced in 2007, there are 1,025,000 refugees in Iran, among whom 940,400 refugees are Afghan and 54,400 refugees are Iraqi. After a period of settling and living in the host community, changes begin to occur in the immigrants' quality of life over time and the lives of the second generation of immigrants undergo greater changes than those of the first generation. The present study aims to explore the differences between the two groups of first- and second- generation of Afghan refugees living in Iran in terms of their quality of life in general and their job quality in particular. The present study has been carried out using a descriptive-analytical approach and the required data have been collected using questionnaires, interviews and field investigations by the researchers. Using Cochran's formula, the researchers randomly selected 404 refugees from the study area. In order to analyze the research variables, they used one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression analysis in SPSS. The findings revealed that job differences between the two generations of immigrants were such that the majority of the first-generation migrants were mostly engaged in non-specialized jobs such as construction, cattle breeding, agriculture, waste purchases, and sales. However, most youths of the second generation tend to be involved in jobs such as sewing, car engine repairs, bodywork repairs and even electrical work. Therefore, the clear job differences between the two generations of Afghan immigrants are the immigrant youths' tendency toward highly specialized and freelance jobs and they are in a better position rather than the first-generation immigrants in terms of income and job security. In general, due to the great progress having occurred in the first-generation immigrants' lives, neither the first nor the second generation of Afghan immigrants tend to migrate and return to their country, although the second generation immigrants, unlike the first generation ones, tend to emigrate to European countries.

The concept of the quality of time is a new subject which is considered by researchers and Collegiates specially in Iran. The quality of life has two main approaches: objective and subjective. In this research the quality of urban life with objective approach with considering cultural- social, economical, Skeletal- enviromental and envriomental approaches, is considered and the research methodology is descriptive analysis. The findings of Inventory field is analyzed with SPPS software with the help of average and single sample Statistical t tests, single sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and multi variable linear regression. The results of single sample t tests shows that the conditions of the quality of the refugees’s life in Firoozabad village in Rey city is low and is evaluated less than the averaged limit. The results showed that planning for social and economical indexs is very effective for improving the quality of refugee’ s life in Firoozabad village in Rey city.