فهرست مطالب z. saboohi

Depression, anxiety, and psychiatric symptoms are more prevalent among women than men. Given the significance of depression literacy and its associated factors, this study aimed to explore the level of depression literacy and its correlation with depression stigma and attitudes toward seeking help among Iranian women attending health centers in Saveh City.

This cross-sectional study assessed 280 women aged 18-65 selected through cluster sampling from September 2023 to December 2023 in Saveh County, Iran. Reliable and validated tools, including the D-Lit Questionnaire, Attitude Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale, and DSS-Personal Subscale were utilized for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA. Predictors were identified through hierarchical linear regression analysis.

The lowest correct answer rate was associated with knowledge of available treatment methods (15.4%). The mean scores for D-Lit, attitude toward seeking help, and personal depression stigma were 41.36±4.83, 23.63±3.69, and 25.39±4.36, respectively. Education level, consultation with a psychologist, attitude toward seeking help, and depression stigma collectively accounted for approximately 23% of the variance in depression literacy.

The level of depression literacy among Iranian women is insufficient.

Maintaining the oral health of young children is influenced by the knowledge and beliefs of parents, especially their mothers. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice(KAP) of mothers of 3-6 year old children in Saveh city in 2021 about the importance of deciduous teeth.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 400 mothers of children aged 3-6 years of Saveh health centers. The participants were selected by multi-stage sampling method. Data collection method was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the constructs of KAP. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Mean and standard deviation of knowledge, attitude and practice scores were 8.6 ± 2.3, 35.5 ± 6.6 and 7.8 ±2.1, respectively. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between knowledge with attitude (r = 0.33) and attitude with practice (r = 0.72) (p <0.05). In total, 8% of children used dental floss once a day, 7.2% used a toothbrush once a day, and 50% used it 2 or 3 times a week. The most important reason for going to the dentist (61.7%) was the child's toothache.

The results showed that the studied mothers had moderate knowledge, and poor attitude and practice. Due to the poor attitude and practice of mothers in flossing and brushing, designing and implementing an educational program for mothers on the importance of caring for deciduous teeth, it is recommended.

In this study, the effects of adding methylated homopolymer to gasoline on the performance of an internal combustion engine have been investigated. This additive increases the number of octane gasoline. In this research, these fuels which include ordinary gasoline and the other gasoline with the methylated homopolymer, were subjected to performance tests on the internal combustion engine. Also, the amount of exhaust emissions of the engine was measured. The results of experimental tests show that with the addition of additive to gasoline, the brake torque and braking power were increased by 4.28 % and 2.31 %, respectively, in the mean of average values (different engine operating speed). By combining gasoline and additive, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide contaminants increase by 7.41 % and 6.21 %, respectively. Also, contaminants of uncured hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions from the engine are reduced by 18.17 % and 9.05 %, respectively, in the mean of average values.

Today's Human Life is Undeniably Dependent on Satellites that have being sent to Earth's Orbit by Launch vehicles. Delivery of any Kind of Cargo to Space must be carried out by Launchers, which are Designed and Optimized for the Best Energy Consumption Mood. Use of Porous Materials in the Engine Injector Plate culd be One of the Optimization Steps in this vehicles Engine. In this Paper, Applications that Utilize Porous Materials to Improve Combustion Efficiency have been Reviewed. In this Regard, the Results of Experiments Performed by Four Different Porous Injector Designs, were Studied. The First Design was a Porous Injector with Five Liquid Oxygen Injection Posts, which has been Undergone Cold and Hot Tests for Optical Researches.The Test Results of the Porous Injectors API68, API80-168 and the Improved API68 Injector, Using Two Subscale Combustion Chambers Designed and Built at the German Space Research Center, were Reviewed. Combustion Chamber Used for the Optical Tests, was Cooled by Water and Made Possibility of Taking Picture From Combustion Process. One of the Important Points, was the Reduction in Combustion Efficiency of the API80-168 Injector Head, due to Injector Head Correction, to Prevent Excess Oxygen Accumulation near the Combustion Chamber Wall. Another Important Point, was the Acoustic Damping Characteristic of the Porous Injector Plate, which Results in More Combustion Stability, Compared to the Coaxial Injector Head. However, During Some Reviewed Test Runs of API80- 168 Injector Head, Strong Oscillatory Instabilities were Observed which caused the Engine to Automatically Shut Down. Finally the Experimental Results of Four Different Porous Injector Heads with Oxidizer Transfer Tubes, Under Different Fluid Flow Regimes and Deep Throttling was Analyzed

In this study, effects of adding butene, homopolymer to gasoline on the performance of a four-stroke spark ignition (SI) engine and pollutant emissions have been investigated. This additive increases the octane number of gasoline. In this research, the additive was combined with a non-leaded gasoline. Also, in addition to fuel changes and the use of additives, engine spark plugs were replaced and three types of spark plugs were used for this study. These include single electrode spark plug, dual electrode spark plug and Platinum+4 spark plug. The results of experimental tests showed that with the addition of additive to gasoline, the brake torque and braking power were increased with the use of each of the three spark plug type. The results revealed that by combining gasoline and additive, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions were increased. On the other hand, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions from the engine were reduced. In addition, it was concluded that changing the spark plugs had slight effect on engine performance and pollutant emissions, and that the results of experimental tests using all three types of spark plugs were almost identical.

A two-dimensional numerical simulation of the spray flame has been carried out in a smooth counterflow configuration, and the region of formation of droplets group combustion by the flame index parameter for strain rate, equivalence ratio and the diameter of different droplets. n-decane (C10H22) is used as a liquid spray fuel, and a one-step global reaction is employed for the combustion reaction model. Fuel droplets are randomly injected using an UDF code in the air inlet and the droplet motion is calculated by Lagrange method. According to the results, in the ratio of high ratios, high strain rates and large droplet diameters, The temperature of the flame center decreases due to the suppression of the chemical reactions resulting from the reduction of oxidizing fractionation, and the dominant flame regime in these states is diffusion. The external group combustion of droplets occurs in the upper and lower layers of flame, and combustion of the internal group occurs at the center of the flame.

Studying the combustor flow field helps identify effective fuel and air mixing areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structure of cold flow in a single-element Lean Direct Injection combustor. In studying and modeling of a turbine engine combustor, it is important to identify the areas of swirling, reversal and symmetry of the flow inside the chamber due to its influence on the rate of fuel and air mixing and also to study the reaction flow accurately. In this paper, the effect of operating pressure on the turbulent flow is studied. Since computational fluid dynamics are very time-consuming to solve the reacting flow problems, it is necessary to select the appropriate turbulence model that saves time with good accuracy. Comparing the computational results of the k-ɛ Realizable and Reynolds stress turbulence models (RSTM) and computational errors analysis, the maximum error was obtained for the Reynolds stress model of 31% and for the k-ɛ Realizable model of 37% compared to the experimental data. The difference between numerical results of turbulence models showed that the low-cost k-ɛ Realizable model is acceptable for the studied studies and can be used to model the reacting flow of an LDI combustor with highly swirl flow.