An Overview of Different Types of Porous Injector Plate in Space Propulsion Systems; Case Study Combustion Efficiency

Today's Human Life is Undeniably Dependent on Satellites that have being sent to Earth's Orbit by Launch vehicles. Delivery of any Kind of Cargo to Space must be carried out by Launchers, which are Designed and Optimized for the Best Energy Consumption Mood. Use of Porous Materials in the Engine Injector Plate culd be One of the Optimization Steps in this vehicles Engine. In this Paper, Applications that Utilize Porous Materials to Improve Combustion Efficiency have been Reviewed. In this Regard, the Results of Experiments Performed by Four Different Porous Injector Designs, were Studied. The First Design was a Porous Injector with Five Liquid Oxygen Injection Posts, which has been Undergone Cold and Hot Tests for Optical Researches.The Test Results of the Porous Injectors API68, API80-168 and the Improved API68 Injector, Using Two Subscale Combustion Chambers Designed and Built at the German Space Research Center, were Reviewed. Combustion Chamber Used for the Optical Tests, was Cooled by Water and Made Possibility of Taking Picture From Combustion Process. One of the Important Points, was the Reduction in Combustion Efficiency of the API80-168 Injector Head, due to Injector Head Correction, to Prevent Excess Oxygen Accumulation near the Combustion Chamber Wall. Another Important Point, was the Acoustic Damping Characteristic of the Porous Injector Plate, which Results in More Combustion Stability, Compared to the Coaxial Injector Head. However, During Some Reviewed Test Runs of API80- 168 Injector Head, Strong Oscillatory Instabilities were Observed which caused the Engine to Automatically Shut Down. Finally the Experimental Results of Four Different Porous Injector Heads with Oxidizer Transfer Tubes, Under Different Fluid Flow Regimes and Deep Throttling was Analyzed