فهرست مطالب zabih

The poor have been the focus of attention in tourism development programs in developing countries. This has become a primary concern in tourism development programs so that the net revenues of tourism have been the reason for any tourism development initiative. The present qualitative study used content analysis to identify and explain perceptions of tourism stakeholders to reduce the poverty in the selected villages, i.e. Qaleh Bala, Abr and Reza Abad, in the east of Semnan. Because of their geographical isolation and traditional lifestyles, people in these villages suffered from poverty. In recent years, the government made efforts to reduce poverty through tourism development in these areas. The interviews with the five stakeholders showed that with government support, tourism reduced poverty in three ways: direct, indirect, and dynamic. The support had thus increased opportunities and skills for a large part of the rural poor and had also promoted relative cohesion, participation, and environmentally responsible behavior.

Unreasonable and disproportionate focus of facilities would cause to social- economical inequality development of geographical areas. The effect of this fact can also be reflected in the geographical landscape of cities and their heterogeneous development. These processes lead to unbalanced performance of urban network. In order to creating balance and making proper and homogeneous spaces as regional planning discusses, recognizing economical, social and cultural inequalities of different areas is necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify current patterns of spatial distribution of educational development in the cities of Khuzestan province. For this practical study, the analytic–descriptive method was applied. The data were collected from the Statistical Yearbook of Khuzestan in 1390. The collected data were analyzed by using of different softwares such as SPSS, EXCEL, GIS and also TOPSIS methods, cluster analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney test and other statistical methods. The results show that spatial distribution of educational development in the cities of Khuzestan province is extremely unequal and in stark contrast with special justice. This inequality has been accrued in both geographical and population levels. In terms of geographical, the most developed cities in education are located in the East of province. Moreover, in terms of population, the most developed cities in education have a lower population and urbanization rates.