zahra beigomi

In general, the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics has become one of the major concerns of human society and the health care system. The aim of this study was to evaluate total phenol, flavonoids content, alkaloids, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of 7 medicinal plants extracts in Sistan climatic conditions against pathogens. Plant samples were collected from the collection of the Agricultural Research Institute of medicinal plants, University of Zabol and dried in normal shade and room temperature. A Methanolic extract of the leaves of snake grass, eucalyptus, tatura, Musquit bean, Watercress, rosemary and olive was prepared by cold maceration method. Total phenol content by using folin-ciocalteu reagent method, total flavonoid content by aluminum chloride colorimetric method, antioxidant capacity by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and antibacterial activity of extracts by agar diffusion method and measurement of growth inhibition zone or Disk diffusion was measured. The analysis of variance showed that there was a statistically significant difference between different medicinal plants at a probability level of 5%. In the present experiment, the highest phenolic content (110.78 mg/q D.W.) in the Rosemary methanolic extract, the highest total flavonoid content (4.55 mg GA/g D.W.) in Eucalyptus extract and the highest antioxidant activity (93.1%) in the Olive extract were observed. Also, the largest diameter of Disk diffusion (25 mm) was observed in the medium containing Rosemary extract and against Streptococcus pyogenes.

One of the current problems of treating bacterial infections is increasing their resistance to antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria cause significant mortality compared to non-resistant bacteria. Therefore, the use of olive, luffa, and sage medicinal plants, due to their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties against 10 human pathogens, was the target of this research. For this purpose, a completely random experiment was conducted in three replications. Traits such as phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant and the diameter of the growth zone were measured. Data analysis was done using Statistix10 software and charts using Excel software. The highest amount of flavonoids (398.02 micrograms per gram of dry matter) was found in olive fruit and the lowest amount (255.78 micrograms per gram of dry matter) was obtained in sage leaves. Methanolic extract of olive leaf with an average diameter of 8 mm of non-growth zone had the greatest effect on inhibiting the growth of Hafnia alvei.  Methanolic extract of sage leaves with an average diameter of 14 mm of non-growth zonehad the greatest effect on inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Methanolic extract of luffa seed with an average diameter of 12 mm of non-growth zone had the greatest effect on inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methanolic extract of olive fruit with an average diameter of 18 mm of non-growth zone had the greatest effect on inhibiting the growth of Bacillus cereus. The results of the present research showed that Luffa, olive and sage plants and even their different tissues were effective in treating some pathogenic bacteria such as Hafnia alevi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the growth of Bacillus cereus. Also, it is recommended to conduct more research on various compounds of these plant extracts by extracting the effective ingredients of this plant extract and other plants.

Due to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to common antibiotics, researchers are looking for antimicrobial agents of plant origin as alternative drugs. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of peperin isolated from black pepper on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nose and throat. Sampling was done from the pharynx and nose of the patients and 9 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and purified. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum lethal concentration (MBC) in six concentrations were evaluated by dilution method in liquid medium on the determined bacteria. The results of this study showed that the lowest inhibitory concentration was equal to 8 μg/ml, which inhibited one strain, while the highest concentration was 512 μg/mg, which inhibited one strain. Staphylococcus aureus isolated the most It was resistant to trimethoprim (88.8%), ampicillin (77.7%), tetracycline (77.7%), erythromycin (66.6%) and ceftazidime (22.2%). The results of this study showed that piperine present in black pepper has a very strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria isolated from the nose and throat.

In recent years, environmental concerns and food safety in developing countries are the most important issues. Pesticides are vastly utilized in farming to improve crop production and quality and to reduce energy costs. These pesticides are biodegradable chemical compounds that are generally applied in farming to control pests and promote agricultural production. However, their excessive use, even in low concentrations, may cause serious health problems and environmental pollution. Therefore, a great deal of the research has focused on methods used for determining the presence of pesticides in various food matrices, according to this proposing sensitive diagnostic methods is essential for reliable quantification of pesticides availability. Meanwhile, rapid detection technologies which are among the most important tools in the analysis of food products are required to be assessed for analysis of residual persistence of pesticides in food and agricultural products to effectively control their quality and safety. In this article, it is attempted to provide a complete review of some detection methods including HPLC, HPTLC, GC/ MS/ MS, CE-DAD, LPME, SPME, LLE, DLLME, AChE, SERS, LC/ Tandem/ MS/ MS, MSPD, luminescence chemistry, safety assessment, and Meisel chromatography electrosynthesis used to identify pesticide residues in different food samples.

The purpose of this work was modeling the effects of human resource management policies and their outcomes on the organizational performance.
The research method was of descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population was 466 experts in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Using the krejcie-Morgan table, the sample size was determined to be 214. However, 320 questionnaires were distributed. From the 312 cases returned, 294 questionnaires were suitable, which were considered as the sample size. The research instrument included the basic demographic information, standardized by the researchers. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the sport management professors, and their reliability was calculated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to identify the dimensions of the variables and construct their validity, the confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis was used. The data analysis was performed by the Pearson correlation, multiple regression, factor analysis, path analysis, and structural equation modeling techniques with the SPSS and LISREL softwares.
The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed five dimensions for the human resource management policies, four dimensions for the human resource management outcomes, and two dimensions for the organizational performance. The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the items had alignment with the theoretical construction. The results of testing model indicated that it had good fit in target population. Path analysis showed that organizational performance was influenced by the human resource management policies, directly and indirectly. The human resource management policies had a greater coefficient effect on the organizational performance compared with the human resource management outcomes.
It is suggested that the organizations providie those requirements that affect favorable attitudes promoting organizational performance and adopt human resource management policies that are fit together and support each other based on the dimentions of the proposed research model.

The main purpose of this research was designing the structural model of human resource management policies and organizational performance in Ministry of Sport and Youth.

Research method was Descriptive and correlation type. The target population was 466 experts of Ministry of Youth and Sport. Using krejcie- Morgan table, the sample size was determined 214. However, due to need of adequate statistical method, 320 questionnaires were distributed. From returned questionnaire (312), 294 questionnaires were suitable that considered as sample size. The research instruments included basic demographic information, human resource management policies questionnaire, organizational efficiency (Pinprayong & Siengtai, 2012) and organizational effectiveness (Hsu, 2002). To identify the dimensions of variables, factor load and construct validity, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis was used with varimax rotation. Data analysis was done by test sampling adequacy (KMO) and Bartlett, Pearson correlation, regression, factor analysis, path analysis and structural equation modeling techniques with using SPSS and LISREL software.

Exploratory factor analysis identified five dimensions for Human Resource Management policies and tow dimensions for organizational performance that explained 61 and 44 percent of total variance. Multiple regression coefficients between human resource management policies and organizational performance were significant at % 99 confidence level. Human resource management policies predicted 51 percent of variance of organizational performance. The proposed research model had good fit in target population. Path analysis showed that coefficient effect of human resource management policies on organizational performance was %61.

According the results, human resource management policies and its dimensions could explain organizational effectiveness and efficiency and should be applied in policy - making by managers.

The main purpose of this study was to examine the role of coach’s leadership style of elected super-league football’s clubs of Iran in predicting player’s emotional intelligence. The Method of this study was, descriptive and correlation type. The Subject of this Study was all of 106 Football players in 5 elected super-league football’s clubs of Iran (Esteghlal Tehran, Sepahan Esfahan, Teraktorsazi Tabriz, Mess kerman, Shahid Sepasi Shiraz). 93 Questionnaires were returned and data were analyzed from 91. The Instrument included basic demographic information, Leadership Style Scale from Chelladurai and Emotional Intelligence scale from Sibeyria Shering (1998). Reliability was Compute from Alpha Cronbache .For Data analysis statistical technique (Pearson & Spearman Correlation and simple liner regression) were used. A Positive and significant Correlation was found between coach’s leadership style and player’s emotional intelligence. Moreover, a positive and significant correlation was found between coach’s training & instructional behavior and Player emotional intelligence. Also, a positive and significant correlation was obtained between coach’s democratic behavior player emotional intelligence. There were no significant correlation between coach’s autocratic, social support and positive feedback behaviors and Players emotional intelligence. Moreover, A Positive and Significant Correlation were found between coach’s leadership style and self-Motivation. There was no significant correlation between coach’s leadership style &other dimension of emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy and social skills. Among the dimensions of coach’s leadership style only democratic behavior Predicted Payers emotional intelligence.

The purpose of this research was to design structural equation model of human resource management policies and outcomes in Ministry of Sports and Youth. Research method was Descriptive and correlation type. The statistical population was 466 experts who were working in Ministry of Sports and Youth. Using krejcie- Morgan table¡ the sample size was determined 214. However¡ due to need of adequate number of samples in structural equation modeling method¡ 320 questionnaires were distributed. 294 questionnaires (92%) were returned that considered as sample size. The research instruments included basic demographic information¡ human resource management policies questionnaire (researcher – made) and motivation questionnaire¡ organizational commitment questionnaire (Bozeman and Perrewé¡ 2001)¡ cooperation (with director and co-worker) questionnaire (Lambooij¡ 2005 and Sanders & Van Emmerik¡ 2004) and job satisfaction (Linz¡ 2003). Content Validity of questionnaires was confirmed by sport management professors and reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbach''s alpha coefficient. To identify the dimensions of variables and the factor load and construct validity¡ exploratory factor analysis was used with varimax rotation. For data analysis some statistical techniques were used such as: test sampling adequacy (KMO) and Bartlett¡ Pearson correlation¡ regression¡ factor analysis¡ path analysis and structural equation modeling techniques with using SPSS and LISREL sortwares. Findings indicated: multiple regression coefficients between human resource management policies and outcomes were significant. Human resource management policies predicted 23 percent of variance of human resource management outcomes. The proposed research model had good fit in target population. Also¡ impact factor of human resource management policies and it’s dimensions on human resource management outputs was 0/67. Therefore¡ human resource management policies and its dimensions could explain the human resource management outcomes and its dimensions.

The main purpose of this study was assessing internet marketing and quality of Iran and Europe successful Football club websites. A descriptive study was carried out based on 4-dimensional model of website quality evaluation that was performed by Miranda and colleagues (2009) in sport environment. The model consists of four categories: Speed, navigability, accessibility, content. Validity and weighting of the factors were taken from professors in management and sport management. The sample was 30 Successful Football Club Websites of Iran professional league and Europe major leagues including: English (Premier League), German (Bundesliga), Spanish (La Liga), Italy (Serie A), France (le Championnate). Finding indicated that except communicational content and speed, Iranian Football club websites had much lower quality than Europeans in transactional content, informational content, promotional content and navigability. Among these 30 websites, Chelsea FC Website had the highest quality average (WAI) and the club Zob Ahan Isfahan had the lowest quality according our index. It is suggested that Iran’s Football club managers use the opportunities that this strong media makes effectively, by creating strategies and policies to connect with fans and flowing income in the best way.