zahra kamali

Depression is one of the most common disorders among women. Various approaches have been developed for the treatment of depression, but in recent studies, a high correlation has been seen between schemas and various variables related to depression. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy in online versus in-person counseling on improving depression, interpersonal relationships, and maladaptive schemas in the domain of disconnection and rejection among women.

Methods and Materials:

 This study was conducted in a quasi-experimental way with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. 45 people participated in this study. The statistical population of the current study included all women suffering from depression who contacted the psychology clinic for treatment. First, 45 people were selected based on the criteria for entering the study and using the available method. Then the participants were randomly placed in three control groups: online and face-to-face counseling, and each group of 15. Before and after the intervention, all participants filled out a depression questionnaire, a primary maladaptive schema, and an interpersonal problems questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the covariance method.

The findings showed that the changes in grades were more in the face-to-face group, and the effectiveness of face-to-face schema therapy on depression variables, interpersonal relationships, deficit/shame schemas, mistrust/abuse, emotional deprivation, abandonment/instability, and social isolation/alienation were greater than in the online group (<0.01).

According to the research findings, face-to-face and online schema therapy are effective on depression, interpersonal relationships, and schemas.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of schema focused approach to group cognitive-behavioral therapy on improving depression, anxiety, and maladaptive childhood schemas of traumatized women.The research applies a quasi-experiment with pre-test, post-test and follow-up assessment. The statistical population is all the traumatized women refered to to health centers in Mashhad. In this research, 60 traumatized women having anxiety and depression were selected in 5 months through convenient sampling and they were randomly divided into two schema and control groups.The experimental group received schema therapy in ten 60-minute sessions and the control group did not receive any treatment. Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Young's Schema Questionnaire were used in this study; analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was also used to analyze the data. The results of analysis of covariance indicated that schema focused approach to group cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in improvement of depression and anxiety of traumatized women. It also shows a significant reduction in the scores of all of the early maladaptive schemas, except for the two schemes of abandonment / instability and subjugation in the experimental group. Conclusion It can be concluded that schema focused group cognitive-behavioral therapy approach is effective in modifying early maladaptive schemas and reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Flood hazards in Iran annually inflict significant damages on rural areas, particularly impacting the housing sector. Consequently, focusing on the physical resilience of rural housing is essential due to its heightened vulnerability to floods. This study aims to assess the level of physical resilience of rural dwellings in Dargaz county facing floods and examine the influential contextual factors. The research, characterized by an applied purpose and a descriptive-analytical nature, relies on field surveys. The structure of physical housing resilience is quantified across five components: spatial, legal, structural, functional, and perceptual resilience, utilizing 36 indicators within the Likert spectrum. Following preliminary exploratory studies, nine villages with the highest flood vulnerability in the city were identified as the research sample. At the time of the 1399 study, these villages housed 1514 residential units, with 225 units determined as the sample using the Cochran's formula. The research tool was completed with the assistance of household heads. The reliability of the questionnaire, assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient in the resilience structure, was 0.95, indicating a desirable level. Results indicated that the overall average of physical housing resilience (excluding the legal dimension) and the resilience structure was significantly lower than the theoretical average, falling within the low to moderate range. Furthermore, as residence duration and the age of homeowners in the village increased, the physical resilience of housing showed a weakening trend. Conversely, increased years of education and income were associated with a higher level of physical housing resilience, albeit with weak intensity.

Iran is the fourth flood-prone country in the world in terms of vulnerability to floods, and Khorasan-Razavi province, in the north-east of Iran, is at a relatively high risk of flooding that suffer from damage caused by floods every year. This province is the first in the number of floods, the third in damage, and the sixth in casualties in the country, therefore, the annual flood causes extensive damage to the villagers, especially in the residential area. The present study examines the physical vulnerability of houses of rural households in Dargaz county in facing floods. The research method is descriptive, analytical, and based on field survey. The housing vulnerability structure is quantified in 6 components of body, content, superstructure, infrastructure, living space, facilities, and equipment using 18 indicators in the Likert spectrum. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.96 and favorable. In this study, out of all the villages affected by floods in the county, 9 villages that were most vulnerable to floods in Dargaz county were selected as samples. In total, these villages have 1514 residential units, of which 225 were selected as samples using Cochran's formula. The results showed that among the examined components, the average vulnerability of the infrastructure or foundation with a number of 2.55 is higher than other components. Although the level of physical vulnerability of houses of rural households in Dargaz county in the face of floods has been evaluated with an average of 2.16 less than the theoretical average and in the low to medium range, the amount of damage caused to 38 surveyed households is over 50%, which is not a low figure. Since it is not possible to completely protect against the flood risk, it is necessary to implement appropriate policies to reduce housing vulnerability when living in a flood-prone area.

AIn Iran, the risk of annual floods causes great damage to the villagers of the affected areas, especially in the housing sector. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to physical resilience due to the high vulnerability of rural housing in the face of floods. Based on this, the present study has investigated the optimal strategies for physical resilience of rural housing in the face of floods. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on documentary studies and field survey After initial exploratory studies, 9 villages in Dargaz city that were most vulnerable to floods were selected as a sample.data analysis was performed using two strategic planning instruments (SWOT-QSPM(. Due to the expertise of these two tools, the research questionnaire was completed with the help of 25 rural experts (Dehyar and members of the village Islamic council). Based on initial exploratory studies, 14 strengths and opportunities were identified as advantages and 18 weaknesses and threats as constraints on the physical resilience of rural housing in the face of floods. According to the final score IFE = 2.46 And EFE=2.41 "Defensive strategies" or at least - at least as focal strategies were selected to increase the physical resilience of rural housing. The overall goal of defensive strategies, or "survival strategies," is to reduce system weaknesses to reduce and neutralize threats. Based on the analysis performed in the QSPM matrix, among the defensive strategies of "Increasing residents' knowledge and awareness of the principles of standard construction in flood-prone areas", it has obtained the highest score of 2.637 and was selected as the first strategy.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is with oxidative stress in women of reproductive age. Oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of insulin resistance. Some micronutrients are also linked to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between insulin resistance and micronutrient intake in PCOS subgroups.

This case-control study was performed on 151 PCOS. They were divided into four groups according to the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria: D = 37, C = 40, B = 33, A = 41 and 31 women were also in the control group and did not have this syndrome. Micronutrient food intake was assessed with a 168-item FFQ feed frequency questionnaire. Insulin resistance was diagnosed with HOMA-IR index (Cut off> 2.5). The data were analyzed with SPSS 22 using Kruskal Wallis (KW), Spearman, and Chi-square tests.

The mean age of participants was 28.53 years. There was a significant relationship between the HOMA-IR and some dietary components (selenium depletion in group A, zinc depletion, vitamin D, and vitamin E in group D, and vitamin D and vitamin E depletion in control group) (P < 0.05). There was no relationship between subgroups B and C.

Due to the significant relationship between insulin resistance indices, increasing the dietary intake of zinc, selenium, vitamin D, and vitamin E in women with PCOS, as well as increasing the dietary intake of these micronutrients in improving the physical health and fertility parameters of these people is recommended.

Investigating the mean ergodicity of composition operators on various Banach Spaces has always been of interest to mathematicians and many authors studied this topics intensively, in many different spaces, such as, the space of all holomorphic functions on unit disk, Hardy space and Bloch space. In this paper, for a self map of the unit disk, φ and λ∈ℂ, we consider weighted composition operator, (λ𝐶φ)𝑓=λ𝑓𝑜φ , for every 𝑓 in Bloch space and Little Bloch space and inquiry the conditions under which the weighted composition operator 𝜆𝐶𝜑, is mean ergodic or uniformly mean ergodic on the Bloch and Little Bloch Space. In fact, we will show, if |λ|>1,𝜆𝐶𝜑, cannot be power bounded, mean ergodic or uniformly mean ergodic, in contrast, if |λ|<1, 𝜆𝐶𝜑, is always power bounded, mean ergodic or uniformly mean ergodic. In the case, |λ|=1, we will see that it depends directly to the Denjoy-Wolff point of 𝜑.

Vaginal candidiasis infection leads to sexual dysfunction in couples. Sexual performance is an important part of health and an integral part of every person's life. Many psychological factors affect sexual performance, one of which is self-concept. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of "determining the relationship between sexual self-concept and candidal vaginitis".

This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 married women, aged 18 to 45 years, who referred to health centers in Neishabur city in 2018. The sampling method was available. The research tools were multifaceted sexual self-concept questionnaire (MSSCQ) and candidal vulvaginitis symptoms.
The results were analyzed with spss software version 16 and Spearman and regression statistical tests.

In the review of the data,the mean age of women participating in the study was 35.55 ± 5.47 years, the mean score of positive sexual self-concept was 115.22 ± 28.33, the mean score of negative sexual self-concept was 58.25 ± 6.18 and the symptom score of candidal vulvovaginitis was 9.83 ± 1.62. Examination of the data by Spearman test showed that there was a significant inverse relationship between positive sexual self-concept and candidiasis score (p=0.003) and between negative sexual self-concept and candidiasis score (p = 0.005) Also, no significant correlation was observed between candidiasis score and demographic variables (P > 0.05).

Sexual self-concept is related to candidal vaginitis; which, with correct and timely treatment of candidal vaginitis, increases positive sexual self-concept. which will ultimately lead to marital satisfaction and strengthening the foundation of families

Candidiasis vaginitis is an opportunistic and common mucosal infection. Although Candida albicans is the most common isolated species, other species of Candida such as Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis have also increased significantly in recent years. The aim of this study was to identify Candida species in women with candidal vaginal infection in order to promote health in women.

This cross‑sectional descriptive study was performed on nonpregnant women of childbearing age who referred to health centers in Neyshabur in 2018. At the beginning of the study, 163 people entered the study and the culture results were positive in 68 of them. In vitro, culture was performed in subduxtrose agar medium containing chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Species identification was performed using Candida specific culture medium (Saburo dextrose agar and chloramphenicol). After culture, 15% of the residual wet slide with potash (KOH) was prepared and observed with a lens. Finally, the data were analyzed with SPSS software version 24.

The participants in the study were women with a mean age of 35.55 ± 5.47 and the average number of deliveries was 1.38 ± 1.15. In this study, the prevalence of C. albicans was 59.7%, C. tropicalis was 14.8%, C. krusei was 15%, and C. glabrata was 7.61% and also krusei and tropicalis were 3% simultaneously. Therefore, C. albicans was the most common species isolated from clinical specimens.

In this study, the most common species after albicans were C. tropicalis and cruciferous. Considering the role of C. glabrata in the development of resistance to antifungal drugs, the lower prevalence of this species in the present study can be associated with improved treatment outcomes in patients.

Maternal attachment to the fetus is a term used to describe the emotional relationship between mother and fetus. This emotional connection increases during pregnancy and is reflected in her feelings, perceptions, and behaviors. Mindfulness is important as one of the factors affecting the mental health of people during pregnancy. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between the dimensions of mindfulness and maternal attachment to the fetus during pregnancy.

The present study was performed on 500 pregnant mothers referred to health centers affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The samples were entered into the study by available sampling method and if they had inclusion criteria and no exclusion criteria. The research instruments were the Fetal Attachment Questionnaire and the Bauer Mindfulness Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22.

The results of the data showed that there was no significant relationship between the overall score of mindfulness and the overall score of maternal attachment to the fetus ( P = 0.62). While from the dimensions of mindfulness such as “action with awareness” there was a significant negative relationship (P = 0.03) with maternal attachment to the fetus and a significant positive relationship “observation” with maternal attachment to the fetus (P = 0.03).

According to the results of this study, there is a relationship between maternal attachment to the fetus during pregnancy and a number of dimensions of mindfulness. For this purpose, since mindfulness can increase the mother’s interactions with the fetus, and this interaction begins during pregnancy and with the mother’s attachment to the fetus, it is important to pay attention to this.

Spiritual health in the field of health has a great importance in mental disorders and posttraumatic stress disorders, in treatment process. The present study was done aiming “determine the effect of spiritual care education on the spiritual health of preeclamptic women with postpartum stress disorder.”

This randomized clinical trial was done in 2017 on 260 women with preeclampsia in Mashhad. Data collection was done with questionnaires Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Questionnaire (PPQ), the posttraumatic disorder checklist, Duke University Religion Index, and the Spiritual Well‑Being Scale (SWBS). In the intervention group, first, women were educated on spiritual care each day based on Richards and Bergin’s pattern, in three sessions, which lasted 45–60 min. The control group also received routine cares. All units completed the questionnaire SWBS at the 8th postpartum period. P < 0.05 was meaningful.

After the intervention, this score of spiritual health in the intervention and control groups had a significant difference with independent test (P = 0.004). Spiritual health significantly increased in the interventional group.

Providing spiritual care to pregnant mothers with preeclampsia, increase their spiritual health.

In recent years, the production of nutritious snacks has received much attention. Food industry by-products represent an abundant source of nutrients and are often used as an animal feed. Sunflower seed meal is high in protein and essential amino acids, minerals and vitamins and mohammadi rose (R. Damascena) waste, contains high amounts of phenolic compounds. In the present study, sunflower seed meal flour (SSMF) at 15% and 20% (w/w) was substituted with wheat flour and mohammadi rose flower waste extract (MFWE) at (1% and 2%) were used in cookie formulation and chemical tests, antioxidant activity, sensory and optical properties of the samples were measured at 0, 10 and 20 day intervals. The results showed that the amount of ash, protein, fat and fiber of cookie samples were in the ranges of (1.84%-3.55%), (10.41%-15.45%), (16.49%-18.45%) and (2.04%-2.32%) respectively. The addition of SSMF led to a significant increase in ash, protein, fat, total fiber of the samples (p ≤0.05). Adding the MFWE did not result in a significant difference in the amount of ash, protein, fat, and pH of the samples (p >0.05). Addition of SSMF and MFWE increased the moisture content, antioxidant activity and yellowness (b*) and decreased the peroxide value and lightness (L*) of the samples (p ≤0.05). In all intervals, treatment 5 (cookie containing 0% SSMF and 2% MFWE) and treatment 6 (cookie containing 15% SSMF and 1% MFWE) had overal acceptance scores and sample 5 (cookie containing 0% SSMF and 2% MFWE) was selected as the best treatment.

Refugees are often further susceptible to food insecurity in host countries. This study was carried out to review food insecurity statuses of Afghan refugees in Iran.

A comprehensive search was carried out using keywords of "food insecurity", "food security", "Iran", "Afghan", “immigrant” and "refugee" in English databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, as well as Persian databases, including Scientific Information Database, Noor, Magiran and Irandoc, from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2019. Prevalence of food insecurity reported in each study was recorded based on the types of questionnaires and food insecurity criteria. Meta-analysis was carried out using random effect model with publication bias and heterogeneity tests using STATA Software.

Overall, four studies were reviewed; of which, one was carried out in two provinces of Tehran and Mashhad. Household food insecurity access scale, United States Department of Agriculture and Radimer/Cornell questionnaires were used as the measurement tools in 2, 1 and 1 studies, respectively. Prevalence of mild, moderate and severe food insecurities was reported as 11.6–16.1, 27.4–46.5 and 20–61%, respectively. Based on meta-analysis, prevalence of food insecurity in Afghan refugees in Iran was 89% (95% CI: 69–110%). Food insecurity was significantly more prevalent in Afghan immigrants with illegal residential statuses and female-headed and bigger family size households. Being Sunnis, living in various cities (Tehran and Mashhad) and duration of staying in Iran were associated with food insecurity in Afghan refugees.

The high prevalence of food insecurity in Afghan refugees in Iran reveals the necessity of policies to limit the prevalence of food insecurity in these refugees in Iran.

Getting pregnant care is different due to the psychological problems of pregnant mothers. Self-compassion and social support are the important components of mental health. Women with higher self-compassion and social support can take full care of their pregnancies. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and self-compassion with adequate prenatal care.

The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was performed in 2018? using the available sampling method on 500 pregnant mothers referred to Isfahan health centers. Individuals entered the study if they had entry criteria and no exit criteria, and completed social support, self-compassion, and adequacy of pregnancy care questionnaires. The data were coded and analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and Pearson's correlation statistical test.

The results of data analysis with Pearson's correlation test showed a positive and statistically significant relationship with pregnancy care between the overall score of social support (P < 0.001) and the dimensions of social support such as family support (P < 0.002), support of friends (P < 0.004), and the support of other people (P < 0.001). The results also showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between self-compassion and prenatal care (P < 0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between the subscales of the self-empathy questionnaire, including kindness to oneself, human commonalities, mindfulness and increasing replication, and pregnancy care, but there was a significant negative relationship between subscales of isolation and self-judgment with pregnancy care.

According to the results of the present study, social support and self-compassion as two components of mental health can affect the quality of services during pregnancy. For this reason, it is recommended that health-care providers pay attention to these two issues in order to increase the level of care during pregnancy and thus ensure maternal health during pregnancy and childbirth and the health of the fetus and baby.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder with oxidative stress in women of reproductive age. Oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of insulin resistance. Some nutrients are linked to oxidative stress. This study was performed with aim to determine the relationship between insulin resistance and dietary intake of vitamins D and E in PCOS subgroups.

This case-control study was performed in 2015-2016 on 151 women with PCOS who were divided into four groups according to Rotterdam diagnostic criteria (D (H+O) = 37, C (P+O) = 40, B (H+P)= 33, A (H+P+O) = 41 and 31 women in the control group). Daily intake of vitamin D and vitamin E was assessed using a 168 items PPQ food frequency questionnaire. Insulin resistance was diagnosed with HOMA index (Cut off> 2.5). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square and Spearman tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

In the subgroups of A, D and control group, a significant negative relationship was observed between HOMA insulin resistance index with vitamin D (P = 0.022), (P = 0.049) and (P = 0.025), respectively and with vitamin E (P = 0.036), (P = 0.001) and (P = 0.001), respectively. In the subgroups of B and C, no relationship between HOMA insulin resistance index with vitamin D and vitamin E (P> 0.05).

Due to the relationship between insulin resistance and vitamins D and E in PCOS subtypes, it is recommended to increase the intake of vitamins D and E to improve health parameters in PCOS subjects.

In this paper, we discuss about bounded, isometric and hypercyclic composition operators on Cesaro function spaces.

Maternal–fetal attachment is a term used to describe the emotional relationship that a pregnant woman has with her developing fetus. Mental care for pregnant women (fear of childbirth and a sense of cohesion of pregnant women) is one of the most important aspects of prenatal care that affects the mother's attachment to the fetus. If fear and anxiety are relieved, psychological and physical relaxation will be replaced. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between fear of childbirth and the sense of cohesion with the attachment of pregnant mothers to the fetus.

The present study is a descriptive study that was performed by multi-stage sampling method on 500 pregnant mothers who referred to health centers in Isfahan in 2017. The study participants completed the following questionnaires: fear of childbirth, sense of cohesion, and mother's attachment to the fetus. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods (Pearson correlation) using SPSS software version 22.

The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between the overall score of maternal attachment to the fetus and fear of childbirth (r = −0.153, P = 0.001). However, there is a significant positive relationship between the overall score of maternal attachment to the fetus and the sense of cohesion (r = 0.112, P = 0.01). The results also showed a significant negative relationship between the fear of childbirth and the dimensions of maternal attachment to the fetus, including interaction with the fetus (P = 0.04), self-sacrifice (P = 0.04), and attributing characteristics to the fetus (P = 0.05). There was a positive and significant relationship between the sense of coherence and the subsequent acceptance of the maternal role of maternal attachment to the fetus (P = 0.004).

More attention of prenatal care provider to the psychological issues of the pregnant mother and their fears and worries can lead to appropriate interventions in this field, and as a result, mothers' attachment to their fetus has increased so that they can take proper care during and after pregnancy.

Marital satisfaction is a situation in which the husband and wife enjoy marrying and feeling emotional; on the other hand, the existence of religious beliefs has a significant effect on family stability. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between religious orientation, sexual satisfaction, and marital satisfaction in women of reproductive age.

This is a correlational study performed on 150 married women aged 45–45 years who referred to Neyshabur comprehensive health services centers. The sampling method was clustered. The present study used three questionnaires: Spinner Marital Satisfaction, Larson’s Sexual Satisfaction, and Allport Religious Orientation Questionnaire. The reliability of these questionnaires was confirmed by the retest method. T‑test, Pearson correlation, and one‑way ANOVA were used for data analysis.

Data analysis showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between religious orientation and sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction. Religious commitment has a predictive role in promoting sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction, with increasing religious commitment, increasing sexual satisfaction, and marital satisfaction.

Psychologists and counselors in individual and couple counseling sessions with sexual problems and marital dissatisfaction and premarital counseling can increase marital satisfaction with regard to religious factors and religious and spiritual teachings.

The Dorud fault, as one of the most important seismic in segments of Zagros main recent fault, near the Arjng area it have northwest-southeast trend and continuity extended in Boroujerd area. Geophysical impressions in 5 profiles, and three resistivity, magnetometric and radionuclide parallel profile and parts of one profile were performed. After the completion of field operations and data acquisition, GPR and magnetometer data were final processed in Radexproler and Geosoft software’s, respectively and with combining them in PA software, clearer interpretation of the subsurface structures, especially faults and discontinuities area were obtained. Among these, the F1 fault was considered as the main fault and F2 was the branching branch of the faulty branching out of it. For this reason, the Drood fault in this range is a fault zone with branching fissures branching out to the northeast This fault zone is located at the level of Silakhor plain with a length of several tens of kilometers, a variable height between 50 cm and 7 meters and with approximate dip 60-75 degree toward the north. all of these fault branches have a mechanism and according to their normal slip component.

The incidence of renal failure in children is increasing worldwide, and most renal diseases do not show clinical symptoms for the patient. Moreover, given the importance of screening for patient identification and prevention planning that result from screening, the present study was performed.

This cross‑sectional study was performed on 292 children aged 7 years who referred to Neyshabur health centers during 2017–2018. In addition, sampling was clustered. The first urine sample was taken in the morning, and the dipstick test was performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 11.5 and Mann–Whitney, Chi‑square, and Pearson’s tests.

Of the 292 children, 142 (48.6%) were male and 150 (51.4%) were female. All the boys had been circumcised. The children were 7‑year‑old. Urinary tract problems were present in 31 (10.61%) children. Urinary problems were observed in 163 children (55.82%) considering crystalluria. Some children had more than one type of urinary disorder. Pyuria was the most common disorder in 13 (8.7%) of the studied children, and proteinuria was the least common. Nitrite and hemoglobin were not found in the urine of the studied children. There was a statistically significant relationship between gender and white blood cell count (P < 0.001), crystalline oxalate (P = 0.004), and specific gravity (P = 0.009). There was also a statistically significant relationship between urinary‑specific gravity and pH (P < 0.001).

Asymptomatic urinary problems may be identified by screening tests in school‑aged children. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the exact cause of the obtained abnormal results and determine whether or not they are related to renal disease in order to reduce the number of people with untreated renal diseases in future.

Prayer is one of the main muslim worships that have been emphasized in Qur'an and religious texts. This study aimed to determine the barriers for prayer performance in patients admitted to educational hospitals in Kashan.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 300 patients hospitalized in different wards of hospitals in Kashan. The tool used in this study has two parts: demographic and clinical data and Prayer barriers scale. The statistical analysis was conducted by using T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients through SPSS 16.

The finding showed the mean age of the participants was 50.53±18.95 years, 52% were male, 35.7% had secondary education, 77.7% had urban life and 60.7% were hospitalized due to internal medicine. The overall mean scores of prayer barriers scale was 30.31±12.12. There was a significant relationship between prayer barriers and younger age, hospitalization in surgery department, not being able to do personal affairs and to walk alone. Regarding the correlation between the scores of subscales and the total score of the prayer barriers scale, the findings showed that the highest correlation obtained for factors related to patient's illness (r=0.852) and the lowest correlation obtained for the hospital facilities (r=0.214).

Findings showed that the score of prayer barriers was moderate and some factors including the patient's condition and hospital facilities are barriers for prayer.

Women make up half of the world’s population and play a critical role in the health and well‑being of the family and society. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of existential psychotherapy on attitude to life and self‑flourishing of educated women homemakers.

A quasiexperimental study with the pretest–posttest design is used in this work. The research population included 68 homemakers with university education who live in Neyshabur, Iran. Sampling method was available. The women were randomly assigned into two groups: intervention and control groups. The women in the intervention group participated in 10 sessions of existential therapy group. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of Life Regard Index (LRI) and Human Flourishing Questionnaire (HFQ). The data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 21 using Chi‑square, independent t‑test, and paired t‑test while P < 0.05 considered as a significant level.

Scores of attitude to life and self‑flourishing in educated homemakers before intervention were not significantly different in the two groups. Independent t‑test showed that self‑flourishing was significantly increased in the intervention group (90.88 ± 15.27) compared to the control group (79.64 ± 15.87) (P = 0.004). The attitude to life was significantly increased in the intervention group (35.79 ± 14.21) compared to the control group (27.50 ± 8.77) (P = 0.005).

The results of this study emphasize that existential group therapy is effective in attitude to life, and self‑flourishing of educated homemakers. This therapy can also be used to enhance individual and social abilities the importance and impact of existential psychotherapy on enhancing capabilities such as a positive attitude to life and self‑flourishing.

Introduction:

 Rivers are active phenomena and are one of the most important factors affecting the geomorphological processes of the earth and the erosion cycle whose ecosystems are completely dynamic and their boundaries and their morphological characteristics change over time and continuously. The bed and characteristics of river morphology according to time and under the influence of factors such as flood, tectonics, dam construction, climate change, land use and human intervention is changing. River morphology Conceptually, the science of knowing river systems in terms of geometric shape, river bed properties, longitudinal profile and study of river channel variations as a natural process in alluvial rivers. By studying the morphology of rivers, it is possible to understand the current conditions and the potential for possible changes, such as spatial and temporal changes of the bed and its morphology, in the future. The Silakhor River in the northeast of Lorestan province, in the plain of the same name, is one of the most active tectonic areas in Iran. The river is affected by the active tectonic, active fans and human activities it has a change of bed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the morphological changes of the Silakhor River in a 20-year period (1995-2005) section at a length of 61 km, estimating the amount of erosion, sediment, and unchanged river boundary in the three studied periods and such identification is the process of changing the shape and pattern of the river studied.

 Methodology:

The study of temporal-spatial variations of the Silakhor River has been carried out in four stages. At first, the required tools such as satellite imagery, geological maps 1:100000, topographic maps 1: 25000 and GPS were prepared for use in various stages of the research. In the second stage, satellite images (Landsat 8) were prepared for 1995, 2005 and 2015, and the river route was extracted in 3 periods in ENVI software environment. In the third step, using the union tool in the Arc GIS software environment and the extracted paths in the 3 periods studied, The erosion, sedimentation and unchanged areas were determined in the three periods 1995-2005, 2015-2005, and 1995-95. In the fourth stage, after specifying the points of the river change and estimating the area of erosion, increase (sedimentation) and unchanged area in the three studied periods, the causes of morphological changes in the Silakhor River were investigated.

 Results and discussion:

 The study of the spatial variations of the river extracted route in the three periods of 1995, 2005 and 2015, and their overlap, indicate that the river route and bed have changed during each of the three periods. So that in some areas of the river bed, has risen or decreased and in some places remained unchanged. But due to the nature of the meandring of the river in the Silakhor plain, the major changes were in sections 2 and 3 of the river. Estimated changes in the Silakhor River indicate that the river has destructive and erosion power and the river canal has been moving in every three periods. But differences in displacements at any point in any period of time, as compared to other periods of time, are observed in the form of erosion, sedimentation or unchanged. But in general, in the first, second and third sections in the three periods studied, the right bank of the river was mainly erosion and the left bank was increasing (sedimentation). So that the maximum amount of erosion during the period 2005- 1995, the maximum increase (sedimentation) over the period 1995-2005 and 2015-2005, and the maximum unchanged area for the period 2005-2015. The factors influencing the spatial and temporal variations of the Silakhor River are investigated in three Section, the effects of geological structures, the effects of alluvial fans and human activities. The results showed that in the northern part of the region, the river is more along the path of the fault shoots with the northwest-southeast trends along with the Dorud fault and some branches of the fault are almost perpendicular to the fault. The presence of such a factor has led to a change in the overall route of the river in the areas of fault and river confrontation and the river flows in a different direction than before and follows the path of the fault. The presence of large alluvial fans around the Silakhor River indicates that the large river curves follow the alluvial fans of its path. Also, the occupation of the land around the river, its conversion to fields and the constrict of the river bed and the removal of sand from the river bed are considered as the most important human factors of the river's morphological changes.

 Conclusion:

 The results of the overlapping of the river course in three periods showed that in some areas of the river bed boundaries increased or decreased and in some places remained unchanged. But, due to the nature of the meandring River in the Silakhor plain, major changes were made in sections 2 and 3 of the river. Also, river time variations show that in the first, second and third sections of the three periods studied, the right bank of the river was mainly erosion and the left bank was increasing (sedimentation). Estimation of erosion, sedimentation and unchanged river boundaries also showed that the highest amount of erosion during the period 2005- 1995, the highest increase (sediment) was in 1995-2005 and 2015- 2015 and the largest unchanged area in 2005-2015. Keyword: spatial - temporal changes, morphology, Silakhor River.

Growing interest in issues of attachment, sociocultural, psychological, and above all clinical perspectives is also reflected in the emergence of research on “attachment style and parental parenting style in referrals to addiction treatment centers.”

This was a cross‑sectional study. Three health centers were selected randomly from among the health centers of Neyshabur city in 2015–2016 year. The sampling was done so that all individuals who had the characteristics of the research unit and had the consent to participate in the study were justified by the researcher and completed questionnaire form. We used Chi‑square, one‑way analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests.

In the present study, safe attachment scores in children with healthy parents were significantly more than children with addicted parents.

Addiction has an important role in reducing attachment to children, and because this decrease in attachment has dangerous consequences in child’s life.

Phenomena of land subsidence, increasing the effective stress (σ1) of the body of aquifer sediments have not consolidated. Because the weight of the upper overburden aquifer sediments by the solid and the fluid contained in the pore space to be tolerated when the fluid pressure caused by drop in the water table the decrease in the effective stress increased this results in soil compaction and evidence of subsidence in the area, Such as tensile cracks, crack growth in civil structures tube wells in plain. The last few years Bagstrsh, Land subsidence caused major problems for the agriculture and can be civil structures near these gaps. In line with the international studies in this research area as a pilot scheme studied Khorramabad. In general it can be stated that decline in groundwater levels in Khorramabad plain area, increasing the effective stress in the alluvial plain water depths ranging from plain and prevent to avoid potential supply normal rainfall factors accretion phenomena Khorramabad plain island subsidence. Near the underground water, Thickness of clay and fine materials, the presence of active faults Khorramabad anticline and humanitarian intervention mechanisms developed in this area, because increased incidence of subsidence phenomenon in the area that will be output by the model is consistent with the content.