zahra mahdavi

Understanding the characteristics of the pterygoid hamulus (PH) is crucial for diagnosing and treating various oropharyngeal and craniofacial conditions. It also aids in interpreting radiographs and diagnosing unexplained oropharyngeal pains. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a valuable tool, offering clinical insights into this previously understudied area. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the morphology and dimensions of the PH and its changes by ageing in 20-40-year-old women in the Dental Branch of Islamic Azad University of Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

  This cross-sectional study was conducted on CBCT scans from 258 women aged 20-40. The morphology, length, width, and angle of the PH in coronal and sagittal planes were investigated.

The average length of the right and left hamulus was 5.50±1.37 and 5.37±1.36 mm. The average width of the right and left hamulus was 2.16±0.72 and 2.11±1.06 mm. The average coronal angle of the right and left hamulus was 22.3±9.79° and 30.16±8.99°. The average sagittal angle of the right and left hamulus was 26.11±7.26° and 26.34±7.63°. In contrast with the sagittal angle, the right and left hamulus’s length, width, and coronal angles were not symmetrical. Slender morphology was the most frequent morphology, and it was symmetrical only in the 20-30-year-old age group. Finally, no variable was affected by ageing.

  Hamulus dimensions and morphology did not change with ageing in women aged 20-40. The PH symmetry varied by age group. Also, CBCT was a suitable tool for investigating hamulus changes.

Breast cancer develops due to the combination of external and internal risk factors. Also, the role of viruses is considerable in developing breast cancer.

This study compared the frequency of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and the level of IgM and IgG antibodies against HSV between cancer patients and healthy individuals.

Sixty women with breast cancer and 60 healthy women (40 with fibroadenoma and 20 in good health) were selected. Breast tissue and serum samples were taken from all the subjects to evaluate the HSV-1 and HSV-2 genome frequency using real-time PCR. Also, serum levels of IgM HSV and IgG HSV antibodies were assessed using the ELISA technique.

The HSV-1 genome was detected in six cancer specimens and in two fibroadenoma specimens (P = 0.143, OR: 3.22, CI95%: 0.623 - 16.66). Three cancer cases and one fibroadenoma case were positive for HSV-2 (P = 0.309, OR: 3.105, CI95%: 0.314 - 30.73). HSV IgM antibody was positive in three subjects in the control group and six in the case group (P = 0.298, OR: 2.11, CI95%: 0.503 - 8.87). Although the higher mean levels of antibodies were found in the case group (4.01 ± 5.91 U/mL) compared to the control group (2.95 ± 3.51 U/mL), there was no statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.179). The serum of all samples was positive for the HSV IgG antibody, and there was a statistically significant difference in its mean levels between the case (91.22 ± 13.58 U/mL) and control (81.58 ± 17.02 U/mL) groups (P = 0.008).

The present study showed that HSV-1 and HSV-2 were not directly related to breast tissue carcinogenesis and may act as co-factors.

As global trade flourishes, terminals endeavor to get higher income while adapting to an expanded intricacy concerning terminal administration tasks. Perhaps the most common issues such terminals encounter is the Berth Allocation Problem (BAP), which involves allotting vessels to a bunch of berths and time allotments while at the same time limiting goals, for example, total stay time or total assignment cost. Complex formats of actual terminals present spatial constraints that restrict the mooring and departure of vessels. In spite of the fact that significant research has been carried out with regard to the BAP, these real-world limitations have not been considered in an overall manner. In this paper, a stochastic Multi-Period Berth Allocation-Scheduling Problem in Different Terminals with Irregular Layouts (SBAP) considering multi-Period modes, generalized precedence relations are developed. To solve the (SBAP), a solution approach based on Stochastic Chance Constraint Programming (SCCP) and a solution approach based on Two-Stage Stochastic Linear Programming with Recourse (TSSLPR) is proposed. A mathematical model is solved to show the applicability of the suggested model and solution approach.

Drought stress is one of the most important environmental stresses that has limited the production of wheat and has significantly reduced the production efficiency of this plant in arid and semi-arid regions. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of 15 spring wheat genotypes to drought stress and to introduce the best genotypes for cultivation in areas with water shortage.

In order to study of genetic diversity in advanced spring wheat genotypes based on some morphological, physiological and agronomic traits, 15 spring wheat genotypes by using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications under two non-stress and water-deficit stress conditions were examined at research field of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 crop years. The morphological, physiological and yield component were assayed.

Based on results of the combined variance analysis, the interaction effects of genotype, irrigation conditions and year were significant for most of the studied traits, except chlorophyll index, carotenoid and chlorophyll b, that indicating the different reactions of genotypes under two non-stress and water-deficit stress conditions. Also, the interaction effects of genotype and water conditions were significant on studied characters except of spike number, spike length and carotenoid. Under water deficit stress the genotypes of URBWYT4, URBWYT1 and ERWYT4 showed the highest seed yield, and URBWYT3, Gonbad, Karim, and Morvarid showed the maximum seed yield in normal condition. Cluster analysis using Ward method based on studied traits with standardized data led to the allocation of genotypes in two separate clusters in both non-stress and water-deficit stress conditions. Also the results of the discrimination function analysis confirmed the genotypes grouping of cluster analysis. According to cluster analysis the genotypes of ERWYT1, URBWYT3, URBWYT5, URBWYT4, ERWYT5, URBWYT1, URBWYT2, ERWYT4 and ERWYT2 in non-stress condition and Morvarid, ERWYT1، ERWYT2، URBWYT2، ERWYT3 and URBWYT4 under water-deficit stress were elite genotypes.

according to obtained results the two genotypes of Morvarid and ERWYT3 can be introduced as the best genotypes for both studied conditions.

Organizations enter to international competitive markets because of different motivations such as: gaining international fame, long-term growth, increasing profitability, taking advantages of economies of scale, maturing domestic market, the intensity of competition in domestic market, governmental rules and regulations; but actually all of the companies aim to export performance improvement. In according to the oil industry situation in Iran's vision, 4th paragraph of general energy policies and, not having a comprehensive model of Iranian oil products export performance, this research could improve and develop this industry in international markets. This research method is phenomenology and statistical society includes export and marketing managers and experts in oil industry. Non-probable sampling and snowball sampling method was used in this research. Regarding this qualitative research, semi-structured depth interview was used to gather information and 7 deep interviews were done regarding to saturated rule. Structure, internal, interpretive and descriptive validity were used in order to Validation; for surveying reliability, revision while coding and surveying by another informed person were used in order to insure correct coding. After open, axial and selective coding and using Atlas. It qualitative software, suggested antecedents of Iranian oil products export performance includes: market orientation, company resources, marketing mix, macro environment and items of Iranian oil products export performance includes: financial performance, customer satisfaction and customer retention. In most of the previous studies have focused on positivism and quantitative research methodology while we used qualitative method in this research.

Actually all of the companies aim to export performance improvement. In according to the oil industry situation in Iran's vision and, not having a comprehensive model of Iranian oil products export performance, this research could improve and develop this industry in international markets. The statement was as below: What are the antecedents of Iranian oil products export performance? This research method is quantitative and statistical society includes Iranian oil products export companies. Probable sampling and random sampling method was used in this research. Regarding this quantitative research, a Likert Spectrum Questionnaire of 5-point scale was used to gather information. 19 variables were measured by multiple items and Proposed continuity domain. 57 items were used to measure structures; these cases were used for analyzing the deduction of quantitative evidence: Exploratory factor analysis, Confirmatory factor analysis, Structural equation modeling. All 16 hypotheses were supported. There has not been any comprehensive research about antecedents of export performance in Iranian oil industry according to researcher information. Considering different dimensions of Iran's market, a model of export performance and its antecedents for Iranian oil products was presented in this research.

The extinction threatens some native orchids which has economic value. Artificial seed technology can prevent the extinction of these plants and can be suitable for producing and exporting of product. In this study, protocorms of Dactylorhiza umbrosa were encapsulated. The effects of three temperature treatments 4, 20, and 25°C were investigated during three periods 30, 60, and 90-days of artificial seed storage. Percentage of artificial seed germination during storage conditions, after storage, total percentage of germination and number of days required for germination incidence, were investigated. The highest germination percent during storage conditions was related to 90-days storage at 4 and 25 ° C, and the lowest obtained after 30 days at 4 ° C, which did not show any germination. The highest germination percentage of artificial seeds after storage and cultivation was observed in 60 days stored seeds at 4 °C. The highest total percentage of germination was obtained after 60 and 90 days storage at 20 and 4 °C, respectively. The highest number of days befor germination incidence was observed after 60 days of storage. The best treatment for storage of artificial seeds was 4 °C for 30 and 60 days, which showed the lowest percentage of germination during storage conditions and the highest percentage of germination after culturing.

In the study we sought to determine the patterns of regional antibiotic resistances among uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates. Our finding could be useful for better recognition of regional antibiotic resistances and scheduling a program to control this condition.

In the study, 270 nonduplicate UPEC isolates were examined from urine samples of outpatients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). All isolates were identified by gram staining and standard conventional biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion (Kirby–Bauer) method. The commercial antibiotics disks (PADTAN TEB Co., Iran) were applied in the study, included amikacin (30 μg), gentamycin (10 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), and nalidixic acid (30 μg).

Most of the patients were female (221, 81.9%). The highest resistance was observed for nalidixic acid (56%), followed by ciprofloxacin 39.64%. In contrast, the lowest resistance was seen for amikacin (3.90%) and gentamicin (10.04%). Moreover, 19.62% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR).

Amikacin and gentamicin could be chosen as first line antibiotics in treatment of UTIs. Continuous monitoring studies recommended for acquire a suitable regional antibiotic resistance pattern.

Television and news programs are full of scenes that remind us that life will no doubt end. The purpose of this study was to investigate the representation of death news and its exciting symbols in virtual news channels.

The research method was qualitative and thematic analysis was used. The population of the study included virtual news channel contents and the sample were four high-profile news channels in which the news of death during the period of May-August 2019 was reviewed. Month and channel selection were random and sampling continued until data saturation.

Based on the analysis of news themes, the representation of death news was categorized in ten themes: physical and disease complications, unintentional accidents, brain death, alcohol and drug abuse, suicide, mass killing, murder, retribution, negligence leading to death, and death and killing of animals, as well as representations of attention-grabbing practices and increased excitement were categorized into five themes of stimulating imagination (sensitive location and time of occurrence, symbol of fear and apprehension and conflict), imaginative symbols (sympathetic and associative, unfinished affair and ambiguity), quantitative symbols (statistical increase and volume of news coverage, symbols of importance (reporter’ responsibility and fame), and references to taboos (rape leading to death).

The difference between the representations of mortality factors in research and news differs in presenting prevention methods in research. Meanwhile, in the news of death, awareness and the provision of useful preventive strategies have been nearly zero. This causes continuous rumors of negative events that increase emotions of sadness, fear and anger and cause people to feel insecure.

The contamination of milk and its products with heavy metals causes toxic and harmful effects on human health. The purpose of this study was to measure the levels of Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, and Mg in raw milk produced from livestock around the Khatoon-Abad Copper Smelter in Shahr-e-Babak, Kerman.

Samples of raw milk were collected from 10 nomadic settlements in Khatoon-Abad district, Shahr-e-Babak, in the spring of 2015. After digestion of 10 samples of milk with concentrated nitric acid, a total of 90 experiments were conducted using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry to determine the levels of the above-mentioned heavy metals. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.

The average concentration of Mg, Zn, Cu, and Ni was 15.66±3.06, 1.53± 0.67, 0.47±0.11, and 1.95±0.54 mg/kg, respectively. The levels of Pb, As, Co, Cr, and Mn were not measurable by, in any sample.

The amounts of metals measured in the present study, except Ni, were within the ranges of the global standards (FAO/WHO and Codex 2007).

 Some Western ideologies, such as feminism, consider women’s sociopolitical participation as a duty for them and the ultimate goal for their empowerment. In the meantime, some governments like the United States have used this as a cover to represent themselves as the proponents of human rights, and the rights of women in particular, to pretend that Islamic perspective is against this branch of human rights. This paper has adopted a descriptive-analytical approach to delve into Imam Khomeini’s viewpoints on the rights of women to participate in sociopolitical activities. The results of this study indicate that, thanks to Imam Khomeini’s all-embracing knowledge on Islamic teachings, he has had a precise and thorough approach toward the conceptual domain of the rights of women in social and political participation. Although Imam Khomeini has never rendered it religiously forbidden – and still religiously recommended in some cases - he has considered superb role and goal for women such as playing an active role in upbringing the Islamic society. In Imam Khomeini’s thought, women can be employed but this must not end in forgetting, denying or understating principal responsibilities of women. Therefore, in Imam Khomeini’s school of thought, Islam considers women’s presence and their activities primarily within the family atmosphere and inside the house. While placing emphasis on women’s participation in the social activities, Islam insists on their primary role in the house as a good mother and a good wife.

Although bacteria producing biofilm are more resistance to antimicrobial agents, biofilm formation can stimulated by sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of some antimicrobial agents. Therefore, we designed present study to investigate the  in vitro efficacy of several antibiotics (including ceftazidime, piperacillin, ticarcillin, carbenicillin, aztreonam, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin and ciprofloxacin) and biocides (including savlon, benzalkonium chloride and chlorohexidin) on biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolates.

A total of 10 uropathogenic P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from Mostafa Khomaini Hospital in Ilam. The isolates were evaluated for MIC, biofilm formation ability and finally the effect of different concentration of antimicrobial agents on the biofilm formation.

Our finding demonstrated that all antimicrobial agents except gentamicin, aztreonam, and savlon were able to induce biofilm formation at sub-MICs. Moreover, savlon was the best agents for encountering biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa.

Some antimicrobial agents are able to induce biofilm formation at sub-MICs. Biofilm formation inducement depended on antimicrobial agents, strains, and matrix composition.

Blood-borne infectious agents are one of the main anxieties of Blood Transfusion Organization in all countries. According to WHO, the blood healthy and blood safety is included ensuring and monitoring of quality and efficiency for all patients requiring blood transfusion. We at the current study intend that survey prevalence HIV Ab, HCV Ab, HBS Ag Among blood donors refer to the Blood Transfusion Organization of Ilam in 2010-2011.

The sample size was folders of 4005 subjects who entered into the study with census method. Screening test was performed for hepatitis B surface antigen, Antibodies against hepatitis C virus and HIV Ab. For confirmed positive result that obtain by screening test we use for HBV, HCV, HIV respectively.

Number (percent) of subjects with hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV among the infected blood donors were 29 (70.7%), 11 (26.8%) and 1 (2.5%), respectively. There was no significant association between education level and disease (P>0.05), Significant correlation (P<0.01) was found between job variables and disease

The low prevalence of HIV infection in this study and other similar studies in Iran May be due to the higher percentage of more regular volunteer donors in Iran As the World Health Organization studies show that voluntary donors are with the lowest prevalence of HIV, hepatitis viruses and other blood-borne infections