zahra mosavi

 Tissue damage caused by major surgery, such as cesarean section, may lead to a poor host immune response and excessive release of cytokines. These responses may increase the risk of infection, cause postoperative pain, and exert damaging effects on various body organs.

 Anesthesia methods may affect cytokine production after surgery. This study aimed to compare the serum levels of cytokines in general and spinal anesthesia among women undergoing cesarean section.

 Thirty parturients (ASA class I and II) undergoing cesarean section were randomly assigned into two equal groups of spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia. Blood samples were taken for measuring the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) before induction of anesthesia and 30 minutes after entering the recovery room.

 In the general anesthesia group, the postoperative serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher than the corresponding preoperative levels. Significant differences were found between the two groups in the preoperative and postoperative levels of TNF-α. Changes in the IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in the general anesthesia group as compared to the spinal anesthesia group. However, there was no significant difference in the IL-6:IL-10 and TNF-α: IL-10 ratios between the two groups.

 General anesthesia, as compared to spinal anesthesia, significantly increased the IL-6 and TNF-α levels after cesarean section. Therefore, the spinal anesthesia technique may be a better option for patients undergoing cesarean section.

Sepsis or infection is the second leading cause of death in people who are intensive care units. Due to the side effects of NSAIDs drugs, the use of medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory such as Rosa (R.) damascene Mill. for treating and reducing the symptoms of the inflammation has been suggested.

The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxodant activities of Rosa (R.) damascena Mill. essential oils in the lung tissue of the septic rats induced by the experimental cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) rat model.

The rats were divided into 5 groups: negative control group, positive control group and treatment groups with R. damascena Mill. essential oils and indomethacin. After 24h of CLP surgery, the oxidative parameters were measured.

The induction of sepsis reduced the levels of glutathione (GSH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) as well as increased the levels lipid peroxidation (LP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), but it had no effects on glutathione S-transferase (GST). However, the treatments of rats with R. damascena Mill. essential oils have diminished the levels of biochemical parameters. Histopathological studies also demonstrated that the induction of sepsis resulted in the lung tissue damages, while these were improved by the treatment of rats with R. damascena Mill. essential oils.

The oxidative damages of the lung tissue were induced by the sepsis and the administartionof R. damascena Mill. essential oils can be effecient in the prevention and improvement of the injuries.

Regarding to the importance of educational interventions to increase the preventive behaviors of urinary tract infection in children, this study was conducted aimed to investigate the effect of home care education to parents according to the HBM, on recurrence of urinary tract infection in children.

In this quasi-experimental study with a pre and post design, 120 children with UTI who were hospitalized in the pediatric department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Boroujerd from 23/9/2017 to 23/12/2017 with their parents were selected by simple sampling method and assigned to control and case groups by random block method. The parents of the experimental group received the educational intervention.The data collection tool was questionnaire designed based on health belief model than distributed before and one month after educational intervention. Urin culture was also performed to determine the recurrence. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software, multivariate analysis, independent T-test, paired T-test, Chi-square and two-ratio comparison tests.

education reduced the recurrence of UTI in children) P˂0.001). Also, the mean scores of the whole dimensions of the model increased after training in the two groups (P˂0.001). While the difference in mean scores after training in the two groups was significant only in the dimensions of perceived threat (in the case group 3.84±1.21, in the control group 3.03±1.07) (P=0.039), benefits (in the case group 18.78±3.14, in the control group 20.1±2.8) (P=0.019), behavior (in the case group 30.81±3.77, in the control group 30.16±3.47) (P<0.001), and self-efficacy (in the case group 29.53±3.49, in the control group 25.2±3.07)(P<0.001).

According to the effectiveness of home-based caring education based on the HBM to parents of children with UTI,on reducing the recurrence of UTI in children, it is better to before of children discharge with urinary tract infection from the hospital, Providing parenting education about the principles of child care, in order to prevent recurrence of UTI.

 Spouse abuse is one of the major health crises in the world, which simultaneously threatens people's physical and mental health. The World Health Organization has reported that spousal abuse is more prevalent in the form of violence against women in families, with one out of every three women being physically, sexually or otherwise abused in the world. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the Effectiveness of Imago relationship training on Negative Marital Attitudes in Couples with Emotional spouse abuse.

This research was based on objective, applied and, in terms of data type, quantitative. In terms of research design, the present study was a semi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test design with control group. In this study, population was the couples were afflicted with spouse abuse in Isfahan city in the year 96. The sample consisted of 16 couples (32 people) who were purposefully selected based on the criteria for including and excluding and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups.

 The results of multivariate and one-variable covariance analysis showed that Imago relationship training in the experimental group significantly decreased negative marital attitudes in comparison with the control group.

 Regarding the effect of Imago relationship training on negative marital attitudes, it is suggested that the therapists include the main components of this treatment in working with couples with a spouse's problem.

Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients in the intensive care unit. Despite new supportive treatments and administration of high potent antibiotics, sepsis is overwhelmingly one of the risky factors in patient’s life. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Deuterium Depleted Water (DDW) and M. longifolia essential oils (E.Os) on septic rats induced by CLP (Cecal Ligation and Puncture). Therefore, rats were divided into 7 groups: negative control (Laparotomy), CLP, treatment groups with DDW (15and 30 ppm), adjuvant with M. longifolia E.O (100 mg/kg b.w) and positive control group (indomethacin). Then, 24h after CLP induction, oxidative injury parameters and the expression of COX-2 gene in lung tissue were measured. The data indicated that sepsis induction reduced GSH, FRAP and increased LP, MPO, PGE2 and COX-2 gene but didn`t affected GST. Treatments of rats with DDW and E.Os alone and together as well as indomethacin have been effective in increasing the GSH, FRAP and decreasing the LP, MPO, PGE2 and COX-2. Histopathological examinations indicated that sepsis caused lung tissue damage and this damage decreased by DDW and E.O treatment. So sepsis causes oxidative lung tissue damage and the using of deuterium depleted water and Mentha longifolia can prevent injuries through modulation the oxidative stress/antioxidant parameters.

Based on the formalism school, the discovery of the beauty of a text, or so-called "text literacy", is one of the most important issues to be considered in the critique of a literary work. Focusing on the "text" itself, the theorists of this school try to discover the causes and factors that turn the ordinary and everyday language into a poetic language. According to them, using different techniques such as "defamiliarization", the world of the text can be alienated from the viewpoint of audiences. In the formalistic approach, the form and content of a literary work are not independent of each other, rather the content is represented in form; hence, the content and the theme of a literary work can be comprehended through the study of the form and structure. "Arghavan" is a brilliant poem with a social theme by Hushang Ebtehaj who is one of the famous figures of contemporary poetry. The dominant feelings in this poem are sadness, grief, and regret that, because of the lack of freedom, are imposed on the heart of the imprisoned poet. But his idealistic mind craves blowing up for flight and release. In a formalistic and analytical approach, this research aimed to study the linguistic, musical and aesthetic domains in "Arghavan". The formalist analysis of this work shows that the artistic techniques used at the three mentioned domains help to discover hidden aspects beyond the thought and ideas of the poet. Therefore, going beyond the words, linguistic interpretations, and syntactic functions in the poem, it was aimed to find answers to the following questions:1- How are the grief- and regret-centered emotions of the poet represented in the form and structure of this poem?
2- How effective are formalist features in the acceptance and durability of "Arghavan" poem?
3- How can focusing on the form and structure reveal the implicit and latent ideas in the poem?
This review shows that this literary work has two major characteristics that have a profound and long-lasting influence on the mind and thought of the audiences that make the poem acceptable to them. The first one is the use of the communicative language in the poem which creates an intimate and close relationship between the poet and the audience. The other characteristic is the focus on the quest for freedom and the hope to release, which is a pervasive and universal human-social concept. Accordingly, the poet's ideas and social concerns, as well as his emotional and personal feelings are intermingled in a coherent manner and properly represented in the form and structure of the poem, making it a perdurable literary work. In addition, there are other reasons for the success, attractiveness, and durability of this poem that can be detected in the three domains of language, music, and aesthetics, which include:1. Domain of language: use of lexical terms connoting negative emotions, such as gleam, wretched, forgetfulness, penetration, pale, prisoner, mourning, and sorrow, which imply the grief and sadness of the poet, use of the attribute of art instead of the noun, anomalies in the construction and application of verbs, transposition of the parts of speech in a sentence, "Archaism", establishment of a variety of semantic relations, and use of colloquial language.
2. Domain of music: use of heavy and dragged mater consistent with the content (faeilaton), the artistic use of the accompanying music (bringing rhymes in seven strings out of the total of ten lines of poetry and applying the row in six cases), amplifying internal music through the repetition of consonants and vowels (phonemes), and use of different types of puns.
3. Domain of aesthetics: use of images in balance, consistent with the poet's feelings, use of metaphors, metaphorical combinations, personification, metaphorical symbols that make up the dominant part of the poem, use of allusion to avoid explicit expression of items, use of various rhetorical instruments and verbal and semantic artifacts such as simile, repetitions, synesthesia, hyperbole, paradox, etc.
Ebtehaj used the mentioned features, and applied formal elements and various techniques to create an artistic and enduring work called "Arghavan" and he succeeded in transferring his emotions and feelings to the audience. Because of these features, critics place a high value on "Arghavan".

Puberty is a prominent feature of teenage period that is associated with Sudden and unexpected onset of symptoms such as Menstruation or menarche. Due to the importance of the health of today’s girls that actually is an investment for achieve to personal and social health The present study was aimed to determine affecting demographic factors on Menstrual Health Knowledge and Practices among High School Girls in Hamadan City, 2014.
During this cross sectional study, totally 200 female students of a high school selected by cluster sampling in Hamadan city in 2014. The data were collected through knowledge and practice of menstrual health questionnaires and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software through independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Findings:The mean and standard deviation of respondent’s age were 13.33 and 0.61 years, and the mean and standard deviation of first menstrual period (menarche) were 12.36 and 0.95 years, respectively. About 65% of students were moderately aware about menstruation health. Also, About 69% of students have moderate performance about menstruation health. The results further showed a statistically significant relationship between Maternal education level and practices of menstrual hygiene, (p 0.05) but results did not show a statistically significant relationship between demogeraphic factors and practices of menstrual hygiene.
Discussion and Due to the statistically significant relationship between Maternal education level and Knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene Teach mothers with low education level is the priority of Health education programs.

This study aimed to identify the components of stress controlling based on religious teachings. This is an applied study and a qualitative method with content analysis. The statistical population is composed of sources and documents related to stress controlling based on religious resources (Quran, Nahj-Al-Balaqe.) and experts in education sciences. To select the suitable sample out of experts, non-random sampling method was used and 31 experts have been selected as sample. To verify the proposed pattern, questionnaires have been used to examine the experts’ opinions. Based on the study findings, the components of stress controlling according to religious teachings are religiousness, behavioral conduct, perfectionism, and a healthy lifestyle. The results have shown that people have to be perfectly familiar with the components of stress controlling because religious teachings are able to play a mediator role in stress reduction and may lead to mental and physical health.

the Quran has undoubtedly had a fundamental role in the creation, evolution and development of rhetorical sciences. The study of literary text in each era of Persian literature reveals verbal and semantic aspects in creating rhetorical images and rhetorical embellishment. To elaborate the role of the Quran in the evolution and development of rhetorical embellishment and to find relevant Quranic evidence, also in order to perform a new exploration for puns, and more familiarity with the poetry of great poets of Azerbaijani style and the Quranic influence on them, this study analyzed Quranic puns in the poetry of three famous poets belonging to this style, i.e. Khaqani, Nezami, Qatran Tabrizi. In this regard, we achieved twenty types of Quranic puns in the poetry of these poets.

This study aims at investigating Quranic expressions in Saffarzadeh’s poetry. First, various levels of the Poet’s impressions from the Quran were investigated and her intention in using Quranic expressions was clearly stated. Then the implications of these expressions including content and literary implications and mythical significations in her poetry were investigated. The study is inductive and library-based regarding the field of study and research tools. The study seeks to find out as to what extent and how the poet was influenced by the Quran. Based on earlier research on saffarzadeh’s poetry, it was found out that lexical influence and translation from the Quran were mostly evident in her poetry which is highly indicative of the poet’s originality and novelty in style regarding the Quranic impressions in this area.

Kombucha is an ancient food and healing source with Asian origin. Kombucha consists of a wide range of acids, including vitamin C, organic materials, enzymes, and B-group vitamins, which has provided it with immense value. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Kombucha tea consumption on hepatic UDPGT enzyme in mice. In this experimental study, 21 small male albino mice and CD-1 genus were used. Albino mice species were purchased from serum Institute in Karaj Hisarak. Mice with a weight between 18 to 25 g were selected. Animals were kept in triplex group in polycarbonate cages. Animal rooms were equipped with air-conditioner. Ambient temperature was retained at about 22°C, and humidity 50%. A light cycle was set at 12 hours brightness and 12 hours darkness. The intensive diet was used that produced by animal Pars feeds for mice feeding. Finally, UDPGA enzyme was measured. Consumption of kombucha tea for seven days of experiment caused a significant increase in enzyme activity in mice liver UDPGT compared to the negative control group, from the first day until the seventh day of experiment. Kombucha tea induced the UDPGT enzyme; thus, it accelerated the detoxification of the body and should be cautioned about simultaneous administration of this beverage with some drugs (such as steroids, acetaminophen, cardio– vascular medicine, etc.) that they metabolize through conjugation. Medical community in this case must be justified and their opinion must be considered when people are using this tea. Finally, kombucha tea consumption did not increase the liver weight. So, UDPGT induction was not the reason of liver weight increase.

Poor menstrual health can lead to serious health problems among adolescent girls. This study was performed to assess the impact of two school-based menstrual education programs (lecture and peer) on menstrual knowledge and practices in high school girls. This quasi-experimental interventional study was conducted on 200 female students (100 in peer and 100 in lecture group) of a high school selected by cluster sampling in Hamadan city in 2014. The participants were trained either by peers or through lectures during 4 weekly sessions and then were compared. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire containing questions about students'' menstrual hygiene، knowledge and practice. Two groups were compared at pre-test، immediately after training، and one month after completing the training program. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics، independent t-test، chi-square test and analysis of variance with repeated measures. There were no significant differences between the two groups for mean age (13. 35 in lecture and 13. 31 in peer group; P> 0. 05) and age at menarche (12. 41 in lecture and 12. 20 in peer group; P> 0. 05). The mean score of knowledge and practice in the two groups significantly increased over time (before، immediately after and one month after training) (P< 0. 001). The results showed a significant difference between the two groups on knowledge and practices of menstrual health (P< 0. 001). Peer group education is an efficient method for menstrual health promotion. Hence، health planners must be able to provide health programs for training and empowerment of adolescent girls.

Indomethacin increases generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) which have a crucial role in the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. Coenzyme Q10 has an antioxidant activity on mitochondria and cell membranes and protects lipids from oxidation and is essential for stabilizing biological membranes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) acts as one of the defense mechanisms against free radicals. When the generation of ROS overwhelms, the antioxidant defense, lipid peroxiation of cell membrane occurs and cause cell damage. Male adult Wistar rats were divided into A and B groups. The rats in group A were then further divided into three subgroups of 6 animals each and received one of the following treatments: Animals in the first subgroup received saline. Animals in the second subgroup received saline and indomethacin. Animals in the third subgroup received vitamin C and indomethacin. The rats in group B were also further divided into 3 subgroups of 6 rats each and treated with one of the following treatments: Animals in first subgroup received 1% Tween 80 as vehicle. Animals In second subgroup received 1% Tween 80 and indomethacin. Animals in third subgroup received CoQ10 and indomethacin. Four hours after the last treatment, animals were killed and the stomachs removed were cut and gastric mucosal lesions were examined). Ulcer indexes were determined and SOD activity measured in plasma Pretreatment with both vitamin C and coenzyme Q10 was associated with attenuation of ulcer index and increased SOD activity compared with animals treated with indomethacin alone (P<0.001). This effect of CoQ10 may be due to its electron donating property that inhibits the decrease in SOD activity in gastric tissue (replenishment of endogenous SOD) and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

Always beautiful and rich fabrics is considered as the main features and characteristics of the Orient because dress as a manifestation of art, has originated in East and in some sort indicates the authority, pomp and glory of clothing, especially in Asia. In this paper, textile designs in three Achaemenid, Parthian and Sasanian periods have been studied. For this purpose, first with referring to religion, culture, symbols and beliefs of each period, important motifs used in clothing and textiles during each period has been reviewed and changes of each period has been taken into consideration. Weaver artists of those mentioned eras, while paying attention to the public taste and public opinion, they were not indifferent to Innovations and their efforts were on offering the textiles with high quality and various patterns. That's why this profession was the last great boom and can be stated based on the diversity of designs, in the ancient Iran, especially in Sassanid era there have been equipped weaving machines.