فهرست مطالب zahra rojhani shirazi

Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG) is a tool helping better understand the electrical activity of the brain and a non-invasive method to assess cortical activity. To date, the brain activity of patients with chronic patellofemoral pain (PFP) has not been investigated. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of PFP on higher levels of the central nervous system by assessing the correlation between QEEG and modified excursion balance test (mSEBT) in patients with PFP. Twenty-two patients with chronic PFP participated in this observational study. Their cortical electrical activity was recorded in a resting state with their eyes open, via a 32-channel QEEG. C3, C4, and Cz were considered as regions of interest. In addition to QEEG, the balance performance of the participants was evaluated via mSEBT. The obtained findings revealed a negative and moderate to high correlation between theta absolute power and posteromedial direction of mSEBT in C4 (P: 0.000, r: -0.68), Cz (P: 0.001, r: -0.66), and C3 (P 0.000, r: -0.70). Additionally, a significantly close correlation is between alpha absolute power in C3 (P: 0.001, r: -0.70), C4 (P: 0.000, r: -0.71), and Cz (P: 0.000, r: -0.74) and the posteromedial direction of mSEBT. No significant correlations were between the other two directions of mSEBT, alpha, and theta.  According to our results, balance impairment in patients with chronic PFP correlated with their QEEG neurodynamics. Moreover, our findings demonstrated the efficiency of QEEG as a neuromodulation method for patients with PFP.

This article aims to investigate the possibility of adapting the spinal circuits and the spinal cord in response to various eccentric, concentric, isometric, balance, and skill exercises, whether these changes are permanent or temporary.

A narrative review of studies conducted in the field of spinal adaptation following exercise training in Google scholar, Pedro, PubMed, Science direct, Cochrane, Scopus, SID databases in the period of 2000 to 2020 with the keywords: neural adaptation, spinal adaptation, exercise training, neuroplasticity, neuro-rehabilitation, spinal plasticity, eccentric training, isometric training, and concentric training was done. An effort was made to identify and examine research linked to exercise treatment and physiotherapy in healthy and sick persons from among the different studies in this topic.

from 35 recruited articles, 12 articles were critically reviewed and reported in two contents: 1-Spinal adaptation and balance exercises -2- Spinal adaptation and isometric, concentric, and eccentric exercises 

  From this review, it can be concluded that the spinal network is fully adaptable, and the manner of this adaptation is completely dependent on training and motor function. The possibility and need of therapeutic application of the spinal plasticity phenomenon in the rehabilitation program of persons with neurological diseases such as stroke are underlined in people with neurological pathologies such as stroke.

Quantitative Electroencephalography (qEEG) is a non-invasive method used to quantify electrical activity over the cortex. QEEG provides an accurate temporal resolution of the brain activity, making it a useful tool for assessing cortical function during challenging tasks. This study aimed to investigate postural adjustments in older adults in response to an external perturbation. In this observational study, nineteen healthy older adults were involved. A 32-channel qEEG was employed to track alterations in beta power on the electrodes over the two sensory-motor areas. Integrated electromyographic activity (IntEMG) of the leg muscles was evaluated in response to perturbations under predictable and unpredictable conditions. The results indicated higher beta power during late-phase in the Cz electrode in both conditions. IntEMG was significantly greater in the tibialis anterior muscle during both conditions in the CPA epoch. In predictable condition, a positive correlation was found between the beta power over C4 (r = 0.560, p = 0.013) and C3 (r = 0.458, p = 0.048) electrodes and tibialis anterior muscle amplitude, and between beta power in C4 and gastrocnemius amplitude (r = 0.525, p = 0.021). In unpredictable condition, there was a positive correlation between beta power over the C4 and the tibialis anterior amplitude (r = 0.580, p = 0.009) and also it over the C3 and the tibialis anterior amplitude (r = 0.452, p = 0.049). Our findings demonstrate that sensorimotor processing occurs in the brain during response to perturbation. Furthermore, cortical activity appeared to be greatest during the recruitment of the muscles upon late-phase in older adults.

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery is associatedwith several complications. Balance disorders have been reported in patients.The impairments were associated with fall-related injuries and increase thepossibility of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The present studyaimed to compare postural balance before and after CABG surgery in patientswith established coronary artery disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 87 patients aged 45-65years who had undergone CABG surgery through the great saphenous vein.Participants were enrolled into the study by convenience sampling. To assessstatic balance, individuals were asked to perform the Single Leg Stance Test(SLST). In addition, dynamic balance was measured by the Y-balance test, andthe Functional Reach Test (FRT) was conducted before and after CABG surgery.These clinical tests were performed during the week before surgery and repeatedone month after that. Paired t-test was used to compare the Y-balance scores,and Wilcoxon test was used to compare the mean values of other outcomesbefore and after CABG surgery. A level of P<0.05 was considered statisticallysignificant. The results revealed a significant decrease in static and dynamic balanceafter CABG surgery (P<0.001). A significant reduction was also observed in themean FRT scores in the postoperative period (P<0.001). CABG surgery through the great saphenous vein influencedbalance in patients with coronary artery disease.

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting is an effective treatment for reducing symptoms and mortality in coronary artery patients.Although patients experience post sternotomy complications such as musculoskeletal disorders. So, the aim of this study was to compare the head, neck and upper trunk postures between patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and healthy individuals.

In this cross-sectional case-control study, twenty-one men (56.38 ± 8.64 years) were randomly selected from among patients who had been referred to Al-Zahra Cardiac Rehabilitation Center in Shiraz and undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and the angles of forward head, thoracic kyphosis, and rounded shoulder were measured. Twenty healthy men (51.70 ± 10.40 years) were also evaluated and compared in terms of the above variables. This study was designed and conducted as a pilot. The angles of the forward head and rounded shoulder were assessed by placing reflective markers on the body and processing the images by Digimizer MedCalc software, version 4.6.1. Thoracic kyphosis angle was measured by a flexible ruler. The Persian version of the SF36 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to verify the normal distribution of data. Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used for between-group comparison for data with normal and non-normal distribution, respectively.

The comparison of the forward head, rounded shoulder, and thoracic kyphosis angles showed no significant difference between post-surgical and healthy subjects (P> 0.05). Patients' quality of life was significantly different from that of the control group in all aspects, except for general and mental-emotional health (p <0.05).

There was no significant difference between the case and control groups in the angles of forward head, thoracic kyphosis, and rounded shoulder. Patients who underwent CABG, however, experienced a significant reduction in their quality of life compared to the control group. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay attention to patients and find solutions to manage and improve various aspects of life, such as physical and mental health.

Musculoskeletal pain and burnout can influence the quality of services provided by librarians working in libraries; therefore, the present study has been designed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain as well as the existence of burnout among librarians working in libraries affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted by taking a census of librarians working in libraries affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the standard Nordic questionnaire, and the pain intensity was measured based on the numeric pain rating scale. The standard Maslach and Jackson questionnaire, with a reliability coefficient of 0.78, was used to measure burnout.

According to the findings, the most common musculoskeletal pain experienced by the librarians was a pain in the spinal region, particularly in the low back, and after that, the pain in the upper limb was most frequent. In terms of burnout, librarians experienced low levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and moderate levels of personal accomplishment.

All librarians reported at least one musculoskeletal pain. Low back pain is frequent among librarians. These individuals suffer from burnout.

To study the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on postural control in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients.

The current study is an experimental one with twenty eight patients suffering from chronic LBP (25-45 Y/O). At first non-random sampling technique was used to have the study subjects selected, using block randomization, then, we assigned them to main groups known as intervention and control. The mean center of pressure (COP) velocity and displacement were measured at three time intervals; prior to the intervention, once the intervention was provided and thirty minutes after it. The tests were done with eyes open and closed on a force platform. Sensory electrical stimulation was applied through the TENS device. Descriptive statistics, independent sample test, repeated measurement and ANOVA with repeated measurement on time were used for data analysis.

The results of the present study demonstrated that the application of sensory electrical stimulation among patients with CLBP could improve the postural control in Medio-lateral immediately after and 30 minutes following the application of TENS among the patients with their eyes closed (P<0.05). Also, COP displacement and velocity in ML direction with eyes closed significantly decreased immediately and 30 min after application of sensory electrical stimulation in the intervention group in comparison with the control group (P<0.05).

Low frequency TENS with contraction level amplitude seems to have positive effects on postural control in patients suffering from CLBP. So, this study showed the effectiveness of low frequency TENS to imprive postural control in patients with CLBP.

Regular physical activity is effective in the treatment of low back pain. However, adherence to these exercises is difficult. Nowadays, the health care industry is using various forms of ICT to provide services to patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to survey the willingness and use of information and communication technologies among people with low back pain.

This is an analytical study conducted in 2017. In this study, 200 samples low back pain were collected by use of convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a checklist.

Nighty-nine percent of the participants used mobile phones based on Android; in addition, 51% of people stated that they were familiar with the Internet. Also, people with the mean age and standard deviation of 37 ± 9 were willing to use ICT tools more compared with people with the mean age and standard deviation of 45±13; in addition, they had a high willingness to use ICT tools and low willingness to use traditional tools (p<0.001).

In general, the results showed that a large number of people with low back pain were willing to use ICT tools to receive care services (like exercise therapy). The majority of people with low back pain used social networks and they had smart phones based on the Android whose services were used widely. So the technologies such as smartphones, laptops, social networks and internet services could be used for e-learning.

Design of work environment is one of the factors that can affect performance and efficiency of employees. Human’s productivity has different dimensions that may be affected by environmental factors and internal factors such as demographic characteristics. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the relationship between environmental and demographic factors with productivity of employees of Azad University of Shiraz.

In this cross-sectional study, out of 360 (all of the employees of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz branch)186 subjects were selected as a sample through convenience sampling. The data collection tools were demographic information questionnaire, Physical Work Environment questionnaire and Hersey-Goldsmith’s productivity questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the relationship between quantitative variables with productivity separately. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between demographic and environmental variables.

The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the factors of work environment design (furniture, noise, temperature, lighting and spatial arrangements). Also, there was a significant relationship between the levels of education with productivity score, so that people with a PhD level had a higher level of productivity than the participants with lower education. Also, the simultaneous relationship of demographic and environmental factors with productivity was significant for spatial arrangements.

The proper design of the work environment is related to employees’ productivity of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. This can be affected by the demographic characteristics of individuals. However, the simultaneous effect of both factors with productivity showed that spatial arrangements has a considerable effects on productivity.

This study aimed to compare the effects of combined endurance?resistance training (CT) versus endurance training (ET) on some cardiovascular markers in patients with heart failure after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Te study applied a randomized, controlled design in which 75 patients with heart failure who had undergone PCI were randomly assigned to one of three groups: ET, CT, and control. Te ET group performed ET for 45 min, three times a week for 7 weeks. Te CT group performed the same ET for 30 min followed by a resistance exercise protocol. Te control group received usual care. Functional capacity, N?terminal pro?brain natriuretic peptide (NT?pro BNP), and high sensitivity C?reactive protein (hs?CRP) levels were measured.
After the intervention, functional capacity was improved (P Exercise training is safe and feasible in post?PCI patients, even in those with reduced ejection fraction. CT was as e?ective as ET in reducing NT?pro BNP level and improving functional capacity in heart failure patients after PCI.

Proprioceptive inputs from the cervical region play an important role in balance. In patients with tension-type headache (TTH), proprioception is altered. The effect of treatment for TTH on balance is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of post-isometric relaxation (PIR) in the neck muscles on pain, disability and balance in patients with TTH.
30 patients with chronic TTH who had a trigger point and tenderness in the upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid (SCM), suboccipitalor splenius muscles were enrolled in the study. The patients underwent PIR based on Liebenson’s method. Before and after treatment, balancewas evaluated with the Y balance test, time up and go test, functional reach test and single leg stance test. As clinical symptoms of TTH we considered the intensity and frequency of headaches,which were recorded along with neck disability index (NDI)assecondary outcomes. Paired t-tests were used to analyze the data.
The results of the Y balance test, time up and go test, functional reach test and single leg stance test changed significantly after treatment (PThe results of this study showed that the PIR technique for muscle relaxation in the upper trapezius, SCM, suboccipitalor splenius muscles may improve balance along with clinical symptoms such as pain and disabilityin patients with TTH.

Wushu is one of the martial arts that combines explosive strength and speed movements with combat techniques. Most studies to date of wushurelated injuries have been published in Chinese languages. No published studies have reported the prevalence of these injuries in Iran. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in male wushu players in Shiraz.
Male wushu athletes aged 18 to 30 years were included in this cross sectional study if they had been practicing for 2 hours per session, twice a week during the past 3 years. The athletes were recruited by convenience sampling from 30 wushu clubs in Shiraz, Iran. The sample size was 165. The study was conducted from June to September 2016. Each participant was asked to complete an information questionnaire about his musculoskeletal injuries related to wushu during the previous year.
About two third (65.45%) of wushu players had one or more injuries during the previous year. Severe injuries were most commonly located in the head/neck and knee/tibia areas, and inflammation was more prevalent than the other types of injuries.
Wushu players in this study reported a high prevalence of injuries affecting different parts of the body.

To determine the prediction value of disorder of consciousness scale (DOCS) for consciousness recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) leading to coma. This is a descriptive-cross-sectional study of the correlation between the level of patients’ consciousness in the first and second weeks and the first 2 months after traumatic brain injury, using DOCS scale. The findings of the present study showed that the sensitivity and specificity of DOCS in determining individual’s consciousness after first week and two months after injury are 66% and 41% respectively, and regarding DOCSU2 the corresponding values were 94% and 50% (p=0.001). Passage of time is one of the most significant factors in predicting the resumption of consciousness in patients with brain injury, and more accurate results are expected following the acute phase. However, the application of disorder of consciousness scale could be of a great help to patients’ families and rehabilitation staff in regard to providing a better services to meet the patients” future needs.