zahra shahabi‬

This study investigated the effects of young plasma therapy (YPT) compared to estrogen therapy (E2T) on motor and cognitive impairments in aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

Sixty female Wistar rats were divided as follows: 1). 2-3 months control young group. Five 22-24 months old groups: 1) Control, 2) Sham, 3) OVX, 4) OVX.E2, and 5) OVX.YP. Young plasma (1 ml plasma, through the tail vein, 3 days weekly for 4 weeks) and E2 (30 mg/kg, SC, 5 days weekly for 4 weeks) were administrated to OVX rats. The open field, elevated plus maze, and Barne’s maze were used to assess the behaviors. Then, miR-134 and miR-124 (RT- RCR), SIRT1, CREB, and BDNF (western blot), and anti-oxidants/oxidants markers (Photometry) levels were assessed in the rat’s hippocampal tissues.

OVX caused up-regulated hippocampal miR-134 and miR-124 expression levels (P<0.001) while down-regulated SIRT1, CREB, and BDNF protein expressions (P<0.001). Also, ovariectomy Increased TOS, OSI, and MDA (P<0.001) while decreasing TAC (P<0.001) compared to sham. Treatment with both E2T and YPT significantly improved all oxidative stress indexes (P<0.0.001) and increased p-CREB, BDNF, and SIRT1 protein levels (P<0.05, P<0.01) while decreasing the expression of miR-134 and miR-124 (P<0.001). 

YPT is a non-pharmacological therapeutic as much as or more than E-2T, which can exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potential in the hippocampal tissue and improve cognitive deficits in aged OVX rats without unknown side effects.

The media are undoubtedly exerting a profound influence on society so that they can bring about any change in the culture of society in acceptable and popular ways. There is no doubt that the media has an inactive role in introducing and recognizing the environment, preventing its destruction and improving the living conditions of the individual The main purpose of this study is to design a model for the prevention of environmental pollution through sound and broadcast using the ISM and MICMAC approach. The present study is applied in terms of research purpose and in terms of research topic and descriptive-survey type. Data collection tool included expert questionnaire. The study population was environmental and media experts. Snowball sampling method was used to select the sample. Excel software was used for data analysis. Structural-interpretive modeling results categorized the internal relationships of the criteria into five levels. Finally, the results of the McMach analysis included the variables into two independent and dependent matrices. So that the most effective policy criteria and environmental ethics were the most effective ones.

Prostate cancer is a major malignancy worldwide among men; it is the fourth leading cancer in both genders. This study investigated the pathologic factors of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.

About 578 men underwent RP during five years in Shiraz University hospitals. We recorded the following clincopathological parameters: tumor type and stage, Gleason score (GS), grade, tertiary pattern, ISUP, surgical margin, lymph node (LN) involvement, lymphovascular invasion, seminal vesicle involvement, extraprostatic extension (EPE), vas deferens invasion, perineural and pseudocapsular invasion, bladder neck involvement, and age.

The mean age of participants was 63.87 ± 6.95 years. Most had pathologic T2N0Mx (73 %) diseases; the most GS was low-risk GS ≤ 6 (47.4%). Surgical margin status was free of tumors in 72.5% and among those with positive margins; the most involved site was the apex in 18.3%. Single and dual LN involvements were the most prevalent patterns. 5.9% of the patients had EPE. We found perineural and pseudocapsular invasions in 59.9% and 29.9%, respectively. There was a strong correlation between the clincopathological parameters, stage, and ISUP. Perineural invasion, pseudocapsular invasion, and tertiary pattern 5 increased with advanced age (P < 0.0001). The GS 8 to 10 increased with the increase in age (P =0.001).

A strong correlation existed between the clincopathological parameters, stage, and ISUP. Additionally, perineural and pseudocapsular involvement and tertiary pattern 5 had a strong relationship with advanced age.

  Mothering has always been one of the key roles of women in Iranian society. However in contemporary times, regarding changing attitudes and increasing social opportunities for women such as education and employment, motherhood is not only recognized as a definitive role for women, and they can choose alternative options. The transition to motherhood is a new and unique experience for employed women in the low fertility context. The fertility transition in Iran over the past few decades has been remarkably tangible. The total fertility rate (TFR) of seven children in the 1980s decreased to two children in 2000s. Thus, the purpose of this article was to explore the experiences of transition to motherhood in the context of work-mothering paradox. In this regard, two questions were raised: (1) what has changed the concept and status of mothering for employed women? And (2) what issues and problems are employed women faced to combine work and family life?   The qualitative method was used in this study and the data were collected through deep interviews with 30 employed mothers aged at 20-40 years old in Tehran city, the capital of Iran. The average duration of the interviews was about an hour. Participants were chosen by snowball sampling procedure. In selecting the participants, efforts have been made to maximize the diversity of contributors, such as job categories and occupations. The average age of the percipients was 32 years old. The minimum work experience for respondents was 3 years and maximum 19 years, and participants in the study have an average of 9 years of work experience. 25 of them were fulltime and 5 of them part-time employees. Data analyzed using conventional content analysis method. Here, first, deep interviews were made in the form of text, and the text was converted into semantic summaries based on a meaningful unit (such as paragraph), and then the initial coding was done, followed by the initial coding of classification, the main sub-categories were identified. The findings of the study indicated five sub-categories, namely, unique sense of mothering; mothering as a way of social acceptance and the release of infertility stigma; the meaning and value changes of motherhood during time; the paradoxical picture of the employed woman as the ideal mother; and the paradox of work and mothering. And also, the results revealed that the meaning and concept of motherhood in the Iranian society have been changed and redefined according to the new social conditions and environments. Motherhood among employed women strongly affects their imagination and identity and emerge a new identity for them. The key component of this change is the encounter of employed women with multiple social roles. In this process, employed mothers in Iran face a paradox of work and mothering due to lack of family-friendly policies. In addition, the results showed the changing value of children and heightened emotional and social aspects of having children. In this context, childlessness is not good and easy option for employed women, because childbearing is considered as a social and cultural norms and values. In conclusion, the transition to motherhood among employed women can be as a natural or challenging process. Adding maternal identity to femininity and worker identities, job-related pressures, and cultural pressures associated with being a good mother can face many challenges for women during transition to motherhood. In contrast, suitable social and policy environments with a friendly and supportive approach to family life, work and life conditions and family affective support (especially from the spouse) can play a key role in the natural transition of motherhood for employed women

Employed women face with a lot of difficulties and challenges in their motherhood process. The employed mothers usually have multiple roles, and they might be under the pressures of all these roles. In this paper, we aim to understand the perceptions and experiences of employed women from the motherhood process and the challenges associated with it. Using the qualitative research and in-depth interviews with 30 highly educated employed and married women, who are between 20 to 40 years old in Tehran city, the data gathered. The collected data has been has been analyzed via a conventional qualitative content analysis approach. The results of research are derived and discussed in four categories including: the difficulty and joyfulness paradox of the motherhood, multiple roles identity of the motherhood, the roles pressures of being both a mother and an employee, and the carrier barriers to the motherhood and childbearing. The findings indicated that employed and educated women experience more difficulties and challenges compared with the other mothers due to having multiple responsibilities as a mother, a wife, an employee and in some cases even as a student. Moreover, these women suffer from lack of necessary social and family supports. In general, despite all the problems that employed women are facing with them, they consider motherhood as an important and valuable concept. However, this value is mainly lead to having only one child due to the job conditions and lack of implementation of policies and support programs for these women.

Diagnosis of knee injuries following trauma to the lower extremity is very important and needs to be carefully examined. This study aimed at comparing the diagnostic precision of clinical examination (CE) and MRI with findings from arthroscopy in traumatic knee injuries with femur or tibia shaft fracture. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 patients with traumatic knee injuries with femur or tibia shaft fracture who had been referred to Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud, between March 2014 and February 2015. We compared CE and MRI with arthroscopic findings (gold standard) to determine the concordance, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of injuries to the meniscus and knee ligaments. The results showed that internal mucus rupture was the most common trauma, noted in 83 cases (50.6%), followed by anterior corrosion rupture, noted in 65 cases (39.6%). CE sensitivity was 68.4% and specificity was 96.2% for medial meniscal (MM) injuries, while sensitivity was 53.6% and specificity was 96.4% for lateral meniscal (LM) injuries. For anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, CE showed sensitivity of 77.2% and specificity of 91.8%. For posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries, CE showed sensitivity of 52.6% and specificity of 98.6%. For MM injuries, MRI showed sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of 86.5%, while for LM injuries, it showed sensitivity of 85.00% and specificity of 98.6%. For ACL injuries, MRI showed sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 93.8%, and for PCL injuries, MRI showed sensitivity of 84.5% and specificity of 98.8. For ACL injuries, the best concordance was with CE, while for MM and LM injuries, it was with MRI (P Meniscal and ligament injuries in traumatic knee injury can be diagnosed through careful clinical examination, while requests for MRI can be reserved for complex or doubtful cases. CE and MRI used together have high sensitivity for ACL, PCL, and MM lesions, while for LM lesions, the specificity is higher.