zahra taheri ezbarami

The role of a nurse coach is to meet the needs of patients for health and wellness, and the theory of integrative nurse coaching is a basis for nurse coaching interventions to support health promotion.

Due to the lack of a valid questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse coaching interventions according to this theory in Iranian patients with diabetes, this study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the integrative health and wellness assessment (IHWA) scale in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This is a methodological study. Participants were 202 patients with type 2 diabetes, who were selected using a convenience sampling method. The process of psychometric evaluation and cross-cultural adaptation was carried out based on the six-step model of Beaton et al. First, using the forward-backward translation method, the original version was translated into Persian. The process of matching the translations was done and a Persian version was prepared. Then, it was back translated into English, which was approved by the developers of the main version. The face validity, content validity, construct validity (using confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]), and convergent validity (using the 12-item short form survey [SF-12]) were assessed. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, the test re-test reliability (using intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC]) and internal consistency (using Cronbach’s α) were measured.

The content validity ratio (CVR) was 0.96 for the whole scale, and the subscale content validity index (CVI) value was 0.97, which are favorable. The results of CFA showed the good fit of the eight-factor model (χ2/df=1.92; CFI=0.91; RMSEA=0.068, SRMR=0.081). The factor loads ​​of all items were significant. The Cronbach’s α for the whole scale was 0.889 and the ICC was 0.833.

The Persian version of the IHWA scale with 36 items is a valid and reliable tool and can be used to measure the health and wellness of Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes.

Nurses’ clinical competence, as the basic component of nursing care, is a very important and vital issue. Nursing competence has always been a challenging issue. In order to maintain the standards of nursing care, it is necessary to know the methods of developing and promoting clinical competence. The present study aims to examine and review the challenges and the approaches to obtaining clinical competence in Iran, so that the obtained results can help nursing managers and lecturers with promoting nursing competence, whose ultimate goal is to provide quality care to the patient.

The present research is a review study. The articles written in Farsi or English were included in the study. They were extracted using Farsi databases including SID and Magiran and Latin databases including ProQuest, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Ovid, PubMed. The search was conducted with no time limit until March 2020 and using the keywords nursing competence, nursing clinical competence and competence. After the careful examination of the title, the abstract and the full text of each article, a large number of articles were excluded due to the languages in which they had been written, different titles and purposes and inappropriate abstracts or contents. In the next step, 71 articles (44 Farsi and 27 English) were studied and, finally, 23 articles were included in the study.

Ethical Considerations: 

In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

The educational and clinical challenges were investigated, along with the relevant approaches. Unmotivated students and inexperienced nurses’ low level of competence are among the mentioned challenges. Taking both educational and clinical measures, as an effective approach to improving clinical competence, will help reduce the gap between education and clinical practice.

Through recognizing the aforementioned challenges and approaches to improving clinical competence in nurses, it will be possible to ensure quality care provision, which is an important step in developing the health system. The recommended approaches include modifying the curriculum, increasing critical thinking skills in students and professors, increasing professors’ clinical and communicational skills, professors’ using different teaching methods and holding workshops and in-service training courses for nursing personnel and instructors.

 Palliative care is one of the primary rights of children with cancer and their families. Identifying the unmet needs of palliative care for these children is important in providing high-quality care.

 The present study aimed to exploring the perception of formal and informal caregivers about the unmet palliative care needs of children with cancer and their families.

 This qualitative study was conducted from October 1, 2020, to May 15, 2021, in one of the children’s hospitals in Rasht (Northern Iran). This study enrolled 25 caregivers (nurses, doctors, grandmothers, sisters, aunts, neighbors, and parents of children with cancer) and 5 children with cancer, who met the inclusion criteria by purposeful sampling to participate in in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The interviews continued until data saturation. A directed content analysis was performed according to the Elo and Kyngas proposed approach and based on the National Consensus Project (NCP) framework. The findings were managed by MAXQDA2020 software. Guba and Lincoln criteria were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the data.

 The average age of the participants was 32.40 ± 1.4 years, and 1,450 codes were extracted. The extracted theme was “the need for holistic care”, which included 7 main categories such as “the structure and process of care”, “physical aspects of care”, “psychological aspects of care”, “social aspects of care”, “cultural aspects of care”, “care of the patient nearing the end of life”, and “spiritual, religious, and existential aspects of care”, and 23 subcategories.

 Children with cancer and their families have many physical, psychological, spiritual, and social needs. To meet these needs, it is suggested to provide the necessary infrastructure for palliative care, strive for justice in access to palliative care services for children with cancer and their families, empower caregivers, form an interdisciplinary team, and promote cultural awareness regarding cancer and end-of-life care.

 Nurses’ ethical values in today's complex world have made ethics a vital and important issue. These values arise from nurses’ philosophical approaches and are influenced by the prevailing philosophical thinking in each historical era. Considering that several decades have passed since the postmodernism era, a comprehensive study of the effects of this school of thought on the ethical values in the nursing profession seems to be necessary. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating nursing ethical values from the postmodern perspective.

 This is a scoping review study, which was conducted based on the five stages suggested by Arksey and O'Malley in 2005. The articles published from 2000 to 2021 were searched in Magiran, SID, PubMed and Web of Science databases, as well as Google Scholar search engine using MeSH terms. The keywords included nursing, ethics, ethical value, nursing ethics, postmodern and postmodernism. Out of the 170 articles obtained, 9 were included in the study, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, after a two-phase review: first, the title and the abstract and then the whole article.

Ethical Considerations:

 Honesty and trustworthiness was observed in the analysis, reporting the texts and citing.

 The articles used were in English, qualitative, narrative analytical and case studies. The focus of the current studies was on issues such as relational narrative and its nature, ethical values and how to make decisions based on these values. Therefore, the findings of the present study are divided into two categories: "the basic role of relational narrative in postmodernism ethics and its effects" and "decision making and nursing ethical values in postmodernism compared to the previous perspectives, emphasizing positivism".

 From the perspective of postmodernism, ethical values emphasize considering each care recipient in his/her own cultural, social, political and economic contexts, maintaining the care recipient’s autonomy, developing a holistic view in nurses, avoiding discrimination in care provision and nurses’ providing humanitarian and empathetic care.

A major reason for readmission in patients with heart failure is inadequate transfer of care from hospital to home. The aim of this study was to design a comprehensive model of home care for these patients.

This mixed-method study was performed in Rasht Heshmat Hospital in 2020-21. In qualitative phase, interviews were conducted with 28 people, selected by purposeful sampling. In quantitative phase (descriptive cross-sectional design), 115 patients were selected via convenience sampling. They were studied using a demographic questionnaire, European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale, Heart Failure Knowledge Scale, Medication Adherence Report Scale, and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis was performed by conventional content analysis method and quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Then, data of two phases were combined to design a care model using matrix analysis.

The mean scores for patients' self-care, knowledge, medication adherence, and quality-of-life were 24.49±11.82, 27.25±8.36, 82.09±14.69, and 52.46±9.57, respectively, out of 100 scores. The care model designed included eight components: 1-Providing a comprehensive and organized care program to meet the care needs, 2-Establishing appropriate relationship, 3-Enhancing support systems, 4-Improving self-care, 5-Enhancing adaptation to chronic disease, 6-Family-centered care, 7-Management of health-seeking behavior, and 8-Improving quality-of-life.

This model is a comprehensive model for caring patients with heart failure and unlike other models does not have many shortcomings, therefore, it can help in more successful control of the problems associated with heart failure in patient, family, care team, and health care systems.

Flood constitutes almost half of the natural disasters occurring in the last ten years. Children are more vulnerable because of their unique physiological, psychological, and growth characteristics.

The methodology of this scoping review is in accordance with the proposed Arksey and O'Malley method. The primary question of the study was nursing care of children in the face of flood. Using 12 keywords, related articles were extracted from the search engines. Ultimately 18 articles were selected for the final inspection.

Findings were classified into six questions: 1. Which psychological problems arise forchildren and their parents during and after floods? 2. What is the effect of flood on children’s education? 3. Which factors and actions can reduce the flood vulnerability? 4. What are the health problems for children and their families during and after the flood? 5. Which factors affect the consequences of floods? The findings showed that children are much more vulnerable than adults, the most important factors influencing parental education are economic status, gender, age, the parents’ occupation, and other factors such as schools’ buildings, and proximity to rivers. Children suffer from various mental and physical disorders, child abuse, lack of access to health services, malnutrition, and growth and education process during and after the flood.

Older children are more affected, maybe due to their greater recall. The next factor is gender, which affects girls more than boys due to their greater self-confidence and presence in rehabilitation activities. Parents' jobs and the family sources ofincome are important, as the loss of flood-affected jobs such as agriculture threatens the family and children's well-being. Spirituality has been introduced as the protective factor of children from the destructive effects of flood. After a flood, children experience post-traumatic stress disorder, respiratory illness, educational problems, diarrhea, malaria, child abuse, and lack of health facilities. Some of these consequences are preventable. Solutions such as hospital development, drug security, pre-flood vaccination, the education obligation, and preventing child marriage can be effective. In addition, children can acquire the skills needed to manage the situation during a flood and to help parents through the training they receive before a flood occurs

The ability of proper communication is the core issue in all nursing care. Effective professional inter-professional communication is necessary for ensuring the coordination of care, improvement of satisfaction, and overall health outcomes of patients. The present study aimed to determine the status of professional and inter-professional communication in the nursing of Iran. In addition, attempts were made to recognize problems in the field and discuss their consequences and coping strategies.

This was a review study, and data were obtained through searching databases of Science Direct, Google Scholar, SID, and PubMed to find published articles regardless of their date of publication and language.

The primary search with keywords of “nurse” or “nursing student”, “physician”, or “doctor” or “resident”, “patient”, “communication”, or “teamwork” or “cooperation” or “interaction, and “professional communication” or “inter-professional communication” or “interpersonal communication” (both in Farsi and English) resulted in detecting a total of 7181 studies. However, 20 related articles were selected for review in the final assessment stage. The data gathered in the field of communication of nurses was discussed in three areas of nurse-physician, nurse-nurse, and nurse-patient and family communications.

Studies emphasized the importance of teamwork and inter-professional competencies more than ever. It is recommended that educational programs include inter-professional and teamwork training so that the triangular process of physician-nurse-patient communication is formed in the educational environment in a way that students can work in teams and have inter-professional cooperation in line with achieving healthcare goals.

Triage nurses are the first people in the emergency department providing care to patients. Their knowledge is very important in efficient triage. According to the few studies on the factors affecting triage, the current study aimed at investigating the nurses and nursing students’ knowledge about the triage of children. Accordingly, the current study aimed at determining the level of knowledge of nursing students and nurses about pediatric triage and the impact of knowledge on the triage performance, in Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The current descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted on 88 nurses and 88 nursing students selected through a census sampling from a selected hospital. The data were collected over one month in 2017, by means of a researcher-made questionnaire that included: Demographic characteristics (age, gender, degree, etc.) and knowledge level of staff. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by content validity and its reliability was measured by a test-retest method. After transferring the data into SPSS, statistical analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistical tests such as the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis. The level of significance was P < 0.05. A total of 176 questionnaires were completed. A review of the responses given in the knowledge section revealed that 94.3% of the nurses and students were within the weak range. There was no significant relationship between demographic characteristics and triage knowledge in nurses and nursing students (P > 0.05). According to the current study results, knowledge of nurses and nursing students should be reinforced to better accomplish patient’s triage. Since emergency nurses are among the most important staff in providing the prioritizing triage, therefore, nursing education programs should include triage courses that retain mastery in this scope.

Hepatitis B is a life-threatening viral infection that is mainly transmitted through blood; due to the presence of this virus in semen, vaginal fluids, and saliva, the possibility of transmission among couples during marital life still exists.
This study was conducted to specify the patients’ perception of their marital problems.
In this descriptive qualitative research conducted in Iran, 32 patients with chronic hepatitis B were selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and field notes during 23 months in 2015 and 2016. The interview transcripts were coded by using MAXQDA10 software®. The utilization of thematic analysis approach was to extract categories and themes.
Participants of this study were in the chronic and inactive phase of hepatitis B. Participants’ age varied from 24 to 57 years. Three major themes were extracted: premarriage challenges, conjugal life with suffering, and lack of marital adjustment.
Like other chronic diseases, chronic hepatitis B causes numerous marital challenges for the carriers of the disease. The partners of patients with hepatitis B can be used as self-care facilitating agents in the family to promote self-care of these patients and help better manage their marital challenges.