zeinab akbari

With the uncontrolled expansion of large cities and the development of industries, air pollution has become a serious issue in urban management. In recent years, repeated droughts and widespread dam construction in neighboring countries have turned the problem of dust particles into a major challenge for Iran and other countries in the region. In many large cities, the concentration of air pollutants exceeds standards, which has widespread negative effects on human health, including an increase in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, diabetes, hypertension, dementia, miscarriages, and premature deaths. Air pollution also negatively impacts the health of other living organisms, economic and social activities, agriculture, and the environment. The most important air pollutants include suspended particles with a diameter of less than 10 and 2.5 microns, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, sodium sulfate, carbon monoxide, and ozone. In this research, we first examine the issue of air pollution in Lorestan province based on data collected from the air pollution monitoring stations of the Environmental Protection Organization, and we calculate the correlation between the concentration of air pollutants and meteorological variables. Then, we use a multilayer neural network with a stable online learning algorithm to predict short-term pollutant concentration levels. Predicting air pollution is of high importance, and timely predictions can be effective in reducing the negative effects of air pollution. There are various methods for predicting air pollution, some of which have low accuracy. However, the use of artificial neural networks, as a more advanced method, has recently gained attention for modeling and predicting air quality. These models are especially useful for predicting time series and environmental data. Considering the quality of data collected at the air pollution monitoring stations of the Environmental Protection Organization in Lorestan province, the significant impacts of the dust phenomenon, and the geographical locations of the cities of Khorramabad and Poldokhtar, these cities were selected for case studies. According to the obtained results, there is a significant correlation between meteorological variables and pollutant concentrations, and the proposed neural network model demonstrates high accuracy in predicting pollutant concentrations.

The current stage is the field of media competition and the survival of any media depends on its ability to gain the trust of the audience. The purpose of the current research is to know the level of trust of the youth of Tehran in the news of the national media of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the social factors affecting it. The statistical population consists of young people aged 18-35 years old in Tehran, 384 of them were considered as the sample size using the Cohen-Morgan and Karjesai table, and sampling was done using the stratified random method of proportional distribution. To collect data, survey method and researcher-made questionnaire tool were used, and SPSS statistical software was used to analyze it. To determine the validity of this questionnaire, the face validity method was used and for its reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, and considering that the said coefficient was more than 0.7 in all cases, its reliability was confirmed. The results of the research indicate that 13.8% of the respondents rated their trust in radio news as very low, 24.2% as low, 37.8% as medium, 20.8% as high, and 3.4% as very high. have done, these findings also show that there is a direct correlation between the degree of religiosity, trust in the political system, media consumption and trust in media performance with the degree of trust in national media news, in explaining these relationships it can be concluded that due to the establishment of the government Religion in Iran and the dependence of the media on the political system, people who have a higher level of religiosity, have more trust in the political system, consider the performance of the media as reliable and use it, and have more trust in the news of this media.

Trust in the political system is the most important social capital of a government and the basis of its legitimacy. Political trust is a set of positive attitudes towards political issues that go back to the political regime and authority holders in society .political trust is a form of support for the political regime and those with political authority. Trust in the political system is not the same in all members of the society, its level is affected by various factors, including the role of the media in this field. One of the age groups among whom the issue of trust in the political system is of great importance is the youth. This stratum, as the main pillar of the Islamic system, is considered as one of its pillars, which can play an effective role in the continuation of the life of the Islamic Republic system and its ideals. A review of the political and social events in Iran in the years after the victory of the Islamic Revolution indicates that the supporters and opponents of this system have always tried to use the media in different ways to achieve their goals. Therefore, the development of the media increased. Its penetration rate has been seriously considered. Examining the activities of the foreign media indicates that they are also aware of the importance of the issue, in their plans, they seek to weaken the level of trust of this group in the political system. Regarding the role of the media in this regard, in the current research, the amount of media consumption by young people and its relationship with trust in the political system has been investigated, and the role of a wide range of domestic and foreign media has been discussed, while in other cases, only the role of one The media has been taken into consideration or that the media consumption has been examined in general and without considering the dependence of the media. the theoretical basis of this research is based on the theory of use and satisfaction. This theory is the development and generalization of the theory of selection and the limitation of influence and mass communication, which believes that the audience decides what program to choose and from which means of communication. This approach is looking for reasons and motivations that encourage the audience to use the media in different ways and in different forms and thereby satisfy themselves. In terms of nature, this research can be classified as descriptive research, in terms of objective, in the category of applied studies, and in terms of measurement and analysis method, it can be classified as quantitative research. The statistical population consists of young people aged 18-35 in Tehran, of which 384 people , were studied using the stratified random method of proportional distribution as a sample. Based on this, first Tehran city was divided into 5 main districts and then the said society was divided into sixty strata according to the place of residence, sex and age group, and then considering the sample ratio, the sample size was calculated for each stratum. To collect data, it is a survey method and a researcher-made questionnaire tool, and it consists of three parts, the first part is about questions related to demographic characteristics, the second part of the questionnaire is about items and questions related to media consumption, and the third part is about measuring the level of trust in the system. SPSS software was used for the political analysis. The validity of this questionnaire was done using the face validity method and its reliability was done through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that the trust factor of the political system was 0.952. Considering that the value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was more than 0.7, its reliability was confirmed. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data, for this purpose frequency distribution tables and central indices were used to describe the findings. To test the hypotheses, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the data, and due to its non-normality, Spearman's correlation coefficient was used as a non-parametric test. The research results show that there is a direct correlation between people's use of domestic media and the level of trust in the political system. And in relation to foreign media users, it is reversed. The results also indicate that the people under study use all kinds of domestic and foreign media, both collective and social, but it is expected that depending on the dependence of each of the mentioned media, the level of people's trust in the political system will vary. The test of the research hypotheses also confirms this point, because the more the respondents use domestic media that are under government supervision, the more their trust in the political system increases, while the more they use foreign media, The level of people's trust in the political system also decreases. In the interpretation of these results, it can be said that trust in the political system is the most important social capital of a democratic government and also the basis of its legitimacy. The Islamic Republic of Iran, which was formed on the basis of religious democracy, was elected by the people and its survival depends on the support and will of the people. Therefore, by using the media under his control, such as radio, television, press, etc., he is trying to increase the level of people's trust. On the other hand, the opposition-affiliated media also aim to reduce people's trust in the Islamic Republic system by using different methods. It is clear that according to the role of the media in the formation of attitudes and behaviors, the audience of each of the two categories of the mentioned media has been influenced by it and the level of their trust in the political system also changes. It should be noted that the data collection period of this research coincided with the inflammation caused by the unrest in the fall of 2022 in the country.

The cognitive-linguistic mechanism, which is evident behind a wide range of mystical generative linguistic behaviors, is based on the continuous departure from the context that is formed during the process of online meaning construction. This cognitive transgression in the process of meaning-making expects the audience and the listener to overcome semantic leaps in the language of mysticism by organizing the existing semantic components in the form of support and re-evoking the same components in a new format that is more compatible with them. This cognitive process during which the reader is forced to reanalyze the semantic and functional components of the textual representation is called " frame shifting " The analysis of the examples presented in this article, based on the concept of "frame", "frame shifting" and the analytical tools of the theory of template-based semantics, discusses the capacity of this cognitive mechanism for mystical discourse. The results of the research show that context-avoidance in the language of mystics, " frame shifting " and " semantic leap " is a type of linguistic creativity which is the tension between appropriate reading of the context and secondary reading, intentional violation of conventional rationality, reorganization of cognitive environments and as a result creating It takes on a new meaning.

When articulating or understanding linguistic expressions, we are involved in completely complex and delicate processes of conceptual construction drawn from many and diverse sources. Among these sources is ‘lexical meanings’. From the first periods of the development of Islamic Sufism, the creation of novel and unconventional meanings and linguistic games with words can be seen in a wide range of mystics’ languages. The textual juxtaposition of the conventional meaning of the word in front of the creative and original meaning leads to semantic polyphony, and the mystic’s goal of this juxtaposition is to break the customs and linguistic habits as the axis of aesthetics in Sufi rhetoric and as a result, anti-habits in looking at the linguistic and meta-linguistic reality. The current research tries to investigate the meaning-making mechanisms of mystics through ‘lexical semantic ambiguity’ according to the theoretical and methodological foundations of Langaker's domain theory. Based on the results of the research, the mystic’s creative dealing with the two phenomena of ‘polysemy’ and ‘homonymy’, while providing a suitable platform for meaning creation and discourse creation by changing the semantic fields of words in a deconstructive and defamiliarizing process, has added to the poetics and aesthetic value of the mystic language.

Bulbous domes are among discontinuous double-shell domes and were built in Iran in the early nineth century A.H. Previous domes were shaped pointed and there was no bulge coming out beyond their base diameters. But in the Timurid period, dome profile was changed so that it began a return below the base of the arch, producing thereby a slight bulge. The main question is that what are the reasons for the changes in the appearance and structural elements between two shells after the initial formation of these domes in Central Asia and then their evolution in Iran. This research is written with the aim of finding the hidden aspects in the development of bulbous domes based on both historical documents, and architectural remains, and also examines the reasons of the changes created in these kinds of domes during four centuries in the context of cultural Iran. This study has a descriptive-analytical approach for exploring case studies, which are selected based on primary and secondary sources and also field research. The appearance changes of bulbous domes include removing flutes from the outer shell, adjusting the height of the drum and creating more bulge at the place where the outer shell joins the drum. In this article, the structural changes to improve the strength of the domes, the change in the number and proportions of the stiffeners to prevent the damage of the dome, as well as the shape and arrangement of the wooden struts to increase domes flexibility against seismic shocks, have been examined.

The aim of the present study was to "investigate the relationship between the use of virtual space and the happiness of managers of organizations in Kerman province". The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of the research was the managers of organizations in Kerman province in 2022, and 120 of them were selected by simple random sampling. In order to collect data, two cyberspace addiction questionnaires were used by Young (1988) and Oxford Happiness (1989). The data were analyzed using statistical tests such as correlation coefficient and regression and with the help of SPSS version 24 software. The findings showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between the amount of use of virtual space and happiness in managers (P<0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that reducing the amount of use of virtual space has a decisive role in increasing the happiness of managers of organizations and causes them to achieve success and improve their job performance

In this study, the results of 24 and 48 hour predictions of mid-scale WRF model with nested slopes with 18 and 6 km separations (implemented in Lorestan meteorology) and with 27 and 9 km separations (implementation) At the Institute of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences), without schematic, for a period of 2 months from March 1, 2019 to the end of April 2019 and compared with precipitation observation data for 10 synoptic meteorological stations in Lorestan. For this purpose, 2 * 2 agreement table was used for verification. The results obtained from PC skill score showed that in a period of 24 hours, the ranges of 27, 18 and 9 km in more than 80% of cases were able to occur or not rain. At the provincial level, correctly predict that this score was a minimum of 6% for a range of 6 km. Also, studies performed for a period of 48 hours showed that all slopes in more than 77% of cases showed the accuracy of the occurrence or absence of precipitation. The results of validation in this study have been for days with precipitation and no specific threshold has been considered for precipitation values. It is suggested that in order to improve the relative weakness of the model, validation quantities for specific thresholds (light precipitation, Moderate rainfall and heavy rainfall). The results obtained from the PC skill score showed that in a period of 24 hours, the slopes of 27, 18 and 9 km in more than 80% of cases were able to accurately predict the occurrence or non-occurrence of rainfall in the province. The range of 6 km was minimal and amounted to 67%. Also, studies performed for a period of 48 hours showed that all slopes in more than 77% of cases showed the accuracy of the occurrence or absence of precipitation.* The average quantity of B slope for 4 slopes showed that the number of precipitation forecasts for a period of 24 hours in the surveyed slopes is between 1.39 to 1.49 percent higher than the cases in which precipitation occurred, which indicates that the previous precipitation was higher. The occurrence of precipitation is relative to the occurrence of precipitation. For prediction over a 48-hour period, this quantity is slightly improved and has less error.* The average quantity of TS in the forecast for a period of 24 hours is more than 66% for the ranges of 27, 18 and 9 km, which with the increase of the forecast period to 48 hours, this quantity has improved and in all 4 ranges to more than 72%. it is arrived.* The quantity of FAR in a 24-hour period for all 4 ranges varies from 29 to 38% on average, indicating that only 29 to 38% of the precipitation predictions have not been met. In a period of 48 hours, this quantity has also improved a bit and has reached 21 to 26. The results of quantifying the H collision rate over a 24-hour period indicate that the three slopes of 27, 18 and 9 km had a high ability to predict the occurrence of positive precipitation. Also, in a period of 48 hours, almost all 4 domains had high power.* Examination of the average quantity of F shows that in a 24-hour period for slopes 9, 18 and 27 between 29 to 33% of the cases where no precipitation has occurred, the model has erroneously predicted that this error is 47% for a range of 6 km. Is. In a period of 48 hours, the rate of this error for 4 domains has reached 35 to 50%, which indicates an increase in this type of error with increasing time interval.* Quantity of Pierce PSS skill score in 24-hour period shows 39 to 69% improvement for the studied slopes, among which the 9 and 27 km slopes have better performance. In a period of 48 hours, the value of this quantity has reached 48 to 61%, which, unlike the period of 24 hours, is the best value in the range of 6 km. In order to evaluate the model more accurately, further case studies are suggested in different seasons of the year.* Increase model execution time.* The model should be executed with different schemas.* The results of validation in this study have been for days with precipitation and no specific threshold has been considered for precipitation values. It is suggested that in order to improve the relative weakness of the model, validation quantities for specific thresholds (light precipitation) , Moderate rainfall and heavy rainfall).* The results of this research should be compared with GFS and ECMWF models.

Various indices are used to assess the suitability of water quality for drinking and agricultural uses. The aim of this study is to investigate the water quality of rivers in Beheshtabad watershed for irrigation purposes. Some water quality parameters were measured in 4 selected stations monthly during spring and summer 2013 and 2019 with using the standard methods. Then, SAR, RSC, SSP, KR, PI and MAR indices were calculated. According to the results, the water quality of the stations was in good condition in terms of PI with values less than 80 mg/l, was in good condition in terms of KR with values less than one and in terms of SSP with values less than 200. The water of the studied rivers was hard in terms of total hardness, sweet in terms of total dissolved solids, and had a good condition in terms of permeability index, residual sodium carbonate, soluble sodium percentage, Kelly’s Ratio, magnesium adsorption ratio indices. According to water quality indices, water quality did not change in 2019 compared to 2013. According to the Wilcox diagram, the water of these rivers were in class C2S1, suitable for agricultural use, and according to the Piper diagram were located in Bicarbonate-Magnesium-Calcium group, in the category of water with temporary hardness. In general, evaluation of water quality of these rivers showed that the water of these rivers did not have limitation in terms of agriculture and were almost acceptable and suitable for irrigation.

stuttering has multiple biological, cerebral, and psychological dimensions, all of which are necessary for better understanding of the disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate depression among people with and without stuttering.

the present study was a systematic review. In order to obtain related studies, studies conducted until before 15th of Ordibehesht in 1400 (May 6, 2021) were skimmed using such key terms as: depression, mental disorder, mood disorders, speech disorder, and stuttering through international databases such as WEB OF SCIENCE, SCIENCEDIRECT, SCOPUS, SPRINGER, GOOGLESCHOLAR, and internal databases such as SID, NOORMAGS, MAGIRAN, and ISC. Finally, 321 study were skimmed and 10 study were selected to meet the objectives of this study.

the results showed that depression in children and adolescents with stuttering is more than children and adolescents without stuttering. Likewise, the rate of depression increases with age, which is more severe in girls with stuttering. The results for depression in adults with stuttering are somewhat contradictory, though most studies have shown an increase in stuttering in adults with stuttering compared to adults without stuttering.

it seems that depression is more common in people with stuttering than without stuttering. Therefore, in addition to solving speech problems of these people, paying more attention to mental disorder such as depression is suggested.

The role of language in the construction of identity is one of the most important modern theoretical debates about identity. Structuralism and poststructuralism emphasize with particular certainty the constructive role of language in the formation of identity. Assuming that language is a powerful tool in constructing identity discourse, the present study examines the two novels of the last girl and girl who escaped from the clutches of ISIS and shows by what linguistic mechanisms the Yazidi women use the genre of "autobiography" as a Strategies are used in the struggle against the discourse of domination, and by offering different counter-discourses, they construct the dominant discourses and global stereotypes in order to eliminate some of the consequences or negative feedback of the aggression and oppression of the Yazidi colonized society. . In this regard, we used Laclau and Moff discourse theory and its methodological tools to analyze research data. The results show that four discourses in conflict and conflict with each other have sought to represent the identity of the Yazidi woman: a) the discourse of the "Kurdish Nationalist Party"; B) the discourse of the "central government of Iraq and the Arabs"; C) the discourse of "ISIS" and d) the discourse of "Yazidi women writers". Yazidi women are struggling with all the identities that the dominant discourses have defined for them, such as slavery, rape, and refugee, and creating new identities for themselves as Yazidi leaders and advocates for the rights of women and Yazidis.

The role of language in the construction of identity is one of the most important modern theoretical debates about identity. Poststructuralism emphasizes with particular certainty the constructive role of language in the construction of identity. By accepting this basic idea, Laclau and Moff's theory of discourse also emphasizes that "who" or "identity" is relative and inherent, and that identities should be understood as "subject situations" in a discourse construction that can never be established forever. Among the literary genres, "autobiography" is one of the most important types that has become very popular among "identity-based" movements and discourses in recent decades. Women, people of color, people with physical disabilities, people of different sexual orientations, and survivors of violence have all played a role in developing the process of self-representation by revealing their repressed histories and creating new perspectives in the genre. In the view of theorists of autobiographical literature, every autobiography is an exploration of an identity and the design of the subject of identity is one of the characteristics of female writing. The crisis-stricken community of Iraqi Yazidis is one of the communities whose women, after finding themselves defenseless against the crimes and genocides of ISIS forces and themselves raped and desecrated, turned to writing biographies and telling their personal stories of the crisis. ISIL created a movement that resulted in the emergence of numerous literary works that have been translated into various languages ​​around the world and have reached numerous editions. Although in general the identity-building components of the Yazidi community do not have the necessary uniformity and this has led to the fragmentation of the identity of the members of this community, ISIS's crimes against Yazidis have further weakened the Yazidi identity, especially the women of this community. Nevertheless, the publication of autobiographies of Yazidi women was very effective in restoring the identity and discourse of Yazidi women. Therefore, the main issue of the present study is that Yazidi women have used this genre and linguistic facilities to construct or deconstruct the social identity of Yazidi women.

In this regard, this study intends to answer the following questions by applying Laclau Moff's theory of discourse:1) In the autobiographies of Yazidi women, what are the main discourses in conflict with each other that seek to construct the discourse of Yazidi women?2) The identity of the Yazidi woman is elaborated around in which of the above-mentioned discourses?3) How did Yazidi women writers in their autobiographies represent Yazidi identity and by what discourse mechanisms did they construct the dominant discourses?The main hypothesis of the research in answer to these questions is that Yazidi women, by taking an active and proactive stance against ISIS crimes, try to construct all the identities that the dominant discourses have defined for them and achieve a new identity by using the linguistic possibilities of autobiographies.

 Literature Review

2.1. Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory: hegemony and the ontology of identity
According to Laclau's discourse theory, "identity" is relative and intrinsic, and identities should be understood as "subject situations" in a discourse construct (Laclau & Mouffe, 2001, p. 115); That is, discourses always set situations for individuals to occupy them as subjects, thereby giving them meaning and identity. To understand precisely the "non-intrinsicity" of identity in discourse theory, it is best to begin by defining Saussure's concept of "sign" as the foundation of poststructuralist theory of language and how meaning is created. He knows the component of signifier (sound imagination) and signified (mental imagination) (Saussure, 2003, p. 96).

2.2. Autobiography and discursive construction of identity
 Literary works resulting from life realities of the writer, called autobiography, refer to the works in which the writer depicts his/her own personal experiences; the narrative line and narrated events are directly taken from the writer’s personal life. In his book L'Autobiographie en France, Philippe Lejeune, the first theorist of first-person literature or autobiography, has been provided the most well-known definition of autobiography: A prose narrative of the past (retrospective) which a person presents of her/his own life and in which the major emphasis is on her/his personal life especially on her/his life story (or story of the character) (Lejeune, 1971: 14 as cited in Nassehi, 1391: 93). Yet “the study of autobiography explodes disciplinary boundaries and requires and understanding of other approaches, methods and practices” (Cosslett, Lury and Summerfield, 2000: 1). The popularity has led some to put emphasis on the autobiographical (sometimes referred to as the autobiographical turn) and consider it as an ever-present feature in writing (regardless of its type or genre) (Lang, 1982: 6). Let alone this broad understanding, it was in the late 18th-century that autobiography was first recognized as an independent literary genre. From the 1970s onwards, the genre owes its growth and increasing prosperity to various social and political movements across the globe which have led more and more people to write about and publish their expectations of life. Women, colored people, the physically disabled, LGBT and survivors of violence all have played a role in representing themselves through revealing their suppressed histories, hence bringing about new perspectives in the genre of autobiography. So in the recent decades, identity movements have played a significant role in the emergence and progress of this kind of writing with its different written products. Also they have conducted theoretical and critical analyses in the fields of gender, feminism, race and postcolonial studies (Ghaemi and Sojoudi, 1397: 97). The autobiography provides writers with an opportunity to elevate themselves to the position of representing subject; that is to change into subjects who are also representatives of others. It is necessary to pay attention to the construction of self in and by autobiography, which becomes possible by asking questions about the ways through which writers produce and reproduce the cultural identity of their self through language.

Four main discourses can be found in the two works, each of which strives to represent the Yazidi woman identity differently: a) the discourse of Kurdish Nationalist Party, b) the discourse of central government of Iraq and Arabs, c) the discourse of ISIS, and d) the discourse of Yazidi women writers.

In the two novels "The Last Girl" and "The Girl Who Fled from ISIS" there are four main discourses, each of which tries to represent the identity of the "Yazidi woman" in different ways: a) the discourse of the "Kurdish nationalist party"; b) the discourse of the "government" Central Iraq and the Arabs "; c)" ISIL "discourse; And d) the discourse of "Yazidi women writers". In these two works, Yazidi women, while reflecting the fragmentation of Yazidi identity as a sociological crisis, take constructive steps to build a new identity of society and their identity. Common narratives in rival discourses by stereotyping Yazidi women represent them merely as passive victims of gang rape at the hands of rapists. Yazidi women try to fight all the identities that the dominant discourses have defined for them, such as orphans, rape victims, captives and refugees, and instead create new identities such as the Yazidi leader, women's rights defender, peace ambassador and writer.

The term "rhetoric", which in the Islamic tradition has been equated with the term "rhetoric", has had two main meanings in ancient rhetoric: the first meaning is Aristotelian rhetoric, most commonly by rhetoric, techniques and tools. The other is the aesthetic or literary concept that links rhetoric with poetry, techniques, and imaginative tools. From these two approaches, three trends in the meaning and function of rhetoric emerged in contemporary times: the rational-philosophical approach, the stylistic-literary (poetic) approach, and finally the discursive-semiotic approach (contextual). The first two approaches are at odds; one draws rhetoric to the science of logic and the other links it to poetry. But the third approach seeks to extend the scope of this science so that it encompasses the two former concepts. In the history of Islamic rhetoric, such a triple approach to the concept of rhetoric is also available to critics and Islamic rhetoricians. The present study examines the evolution of each of these three approaches to contemporary theories in the field of rhetoric by studying descriptive-analytic method.

There are three main views in the study of "allegory": a) In the "rhetorical" view, allegory is a literary industry that rhetorical scholars examine under the science of expression and has an aesthetic function; B) In the "cognitive" attitude, it is a cognitive phenomenon that plays an important role in organizing human concepts and thinking, and what appears in language is only a manifestation of that cognitive phenomenon; C) In the "discourse" view, allegory is a powerful tool that social activists use based on individual and social sources and to legitimize their discourse and reject rival discourses. Throughout the history of Sufism, Sufis have always tried to give allegory to the spiritual elements of their mystical experiences through allegory; But each allegory represents mystical concepts in a certain way. Relying on such an attitude and using the methodological foundations and tools of Laclau and Moff's theory of discourse, the present study examines the function of Sufi allegorical discourse on the concept of "obedience and worship" in Sufi expression. From a discursive point of view, in the early periods of Sufism, allegories are interdisciplinary in nature; That is, identities and concepts are often formed around signs that emerge from the common discourses of that period or even discourses outside the discourse of Islamic religious sciences. But in later times, the Sufis sought to reject the meanings of rival discourses by constructing concepts and identities, and to construct new networks of signs.

In this study, the results of 24 and 48 hour rainfall forecasts in the mid-scale WRF model with nested slopes with 18 and 6 km (performed in Lorestan meteorology) and with 27 and 9 km (performed) In the Institute of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences), without schematic, for a period of 2 months from March 1, 2019 to the end of April 2019 and compared with precipitation observation data for 10 synoptic meteorological stations in Lorestan. Output post-slip results showed that the 27, 9 and 18 km outputs with values ​​of 7.3, 4.8 and 1%, respectively, had the highest increase in the accuracy of 24-hour forecasts after post-processing. And only 6 km output has decreased performance by 7.7% after post-processing. Also, the output of 27, 18 and 9 km ranges with values ​​of 9.4, 7.8 and 4.8%, respectively, had the highest increase in the accuracy of 48-hour forecasts after post-processing, and only the output of 6 km with -0.9% has decreased performance after post-processing. Post-processing zoning for the province showed that post-processing by weighted average slider method for both 24 and 48-hour intervals in correcting the model outputs, the altitude factor reduced the accuracy of predictions so that in areas with altitude The less they have been, the more effective they have been.

Bulbous domes are among discontinuous double-shell domes and has been developed in Iran since the middle of the 9th century AH/ the 15th century AD, concurrent with Timurid period. In this shape of domes, the dome profile was changed so that it began a return below the base of the arch, producing thereby a slight bulge that. The terminology for bulge in Iranian architecture is Avgun. Bulbous dome is considered as a part of Iranian architectural culture and the architects of this land have used this complex structure in a way that has been developing ever since its formation. It seems that this shape of dome requires a precise assessment in terms of design, mechanism of power transmission, and features of structural elements. The main purpose of this paper is to show the role of Avgun as an architectural structure in the bulbous domes, which supposed to have just an aesthetic function. In this study, the bulbous dome of Shah Mosque was simulated using Abaqus software. Then, its responses to the static and dynamic loads were tested. In order to show the Avgun role, this dome was compared with another dome, without Avgun, that possessed all similar architectural characteristics. The analysis revealed that Avgun is not just an aesthetic feature and that its prevalence had a structural reason too; So that Avgun reduces the amount of the dome's weight pressure on the dome chamber bases.

Contrary to past approaches to texts often referred to as "text" or "text authors," from today's literary critique approaches are attention to "text reader" and discussion of the reader's role in meaning to the text. These categories of theories suggest that the text does not have a stable meaning, but the meanings of the product of the reader's creativity. One of the most important contemporary schools of thought that refers to the importance of the reader's role in perceiving and receiving meaning, but also in the creation of the meaning of the text, is the theory of "Aesthetic of Reception", known as Hans Robert Jauss and Wolfgang Iser. The general conception of the historical transformation of literary theories is that the importance of the reader's position in shaping the meaning of the text, and the role of the reader in the meaning of the text and the problems surrounding the perception of meaning, is the theoretical achievement of the recent centuries in the West. However, the accuracy and revising of some of the past rhetorical texts suggests theoretical reflections and some of Islamic thinkers and rhetoric's views on the importance of the reader and his role in creating the meaning of the text. The present study addresses the reflections of three rhetoric and literary critics of the Islamic world on the relation between text and reader and the reader's position and importance in determining the meaning of the text.

The term "Balāḡat" in Islamic literature and its equivalent in the literary tradition of the West, the term "Rhetoric", has had three main meanings up to the present time: the first meaning is the Aristotelian understanding of rhetoric, which is condoned with the which relates to the Rhetoric and techniques and means of the audience's persuasion; Second, is the aesthetic or literary meaning connects rhetoric with poetry and techniques of imagination; and finally a new approach to rhetoric that tries to extend the scope of this science in such a way that the two previous concepts are combined together. "Allegory" is one of the rhetorical tools that have taken into account all approaches in the history of rhetoric. In other words, the aesthetic and persuasive capacities of allegory have led to pay attention to the works of rhetoric with various contributions to the concept of rhetoric. The purpose of this research is to redefine the various rhetoric's definitions and perspectives on allegory and explain its rhetorical power in the light of various approaches to rhetoric.

Iran is in transition from tradition to modernity, and women employees are doubly laden with this transition. The assessment of lifestyle and its relationship with the general health of women working for universities (as the progressive organizations) can pave the way for designing and applying the ideas of health-promoting organizations. The aim of this study was to measure the relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and general health among women working in the public universities of Lorestan province, Iran. This is a cross-sectional study. The statistical population consists of all the women working for Lorestan University and Lorestan University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The sampling method was stratified random. The instruments were the valid and reliable Health-Promoting Lifestyle and General Health questionnaires. The data were analyzed by means of the SPSS-20 software and tests such as Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation, the Independent t-test, and regression models. The mean scores of women’s health-promoting lifestyle in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences and those of Lorestan University were respectively 51.92 ± 14.4 and 53.43 ± 12.7. The mean scores of women’s general health in above-mentioned universities were respectively 27.98 ± 13.51 and 26.42 ± 11.76. There was a significant correlation between the health-promoting lifestyle and the general health scores among the above-mentioned women (r = 0.45, P < 0.001). Health-promoting lifestyle is a good predictor of general health among working women. Therefore, in order to promote general health among working women, it is recommended that their recruiting organizations provide the necessary regulations, facilities, and processes for their adoption of a health promoting lifestyle.

Solar energy is the most unique renewable energy source in the world and is the main source of all energy on Earth. Solar energy can be converted into other forms of energy directly and indirectly. In general, the energy given off by the sun about 3. 8 two 1023 kW per second. In the present study, the potential of solar energy in the province of surveillance data 9 synoptic stations located in the province during the monthly period (2014-2000) to create a database has been used. The data used are: (average temperature, average minimum temperature, average maximum temperature, average minimum humidity, sundial, cloudiness). Data on solar radiation measured during the period 2002-2007 Khorramabad stations for modeling and use the results to estimate the monthly radiation. Seasonal other parts of the province were used and Isocluster method in GIS environment was used for zoning radiation areas in the province. The results showed that July and summer, most of the radiation reaching the Earth's surface have found Stations Aligudarz, Kuhdasht and Poldokhtar always have high numbers of incoming radiation, but due to high temperature in two stations Poldokhtar and  Kuhdasht can be said that the station Aligudarz have the best conditions to install solar cells in the rest of the province

Understanding and determining the amount of carried sediment by river have been considered by experts because of the importance and the role of sediment transfer in water-shed basins subject , among them is rivers organizing that carry out for erosion and sedimentation control or river-bed stabilization and flood eject. The current study aims at determining the efficiency of decision tree model in estimating suspended sediment of Meimeh river. The data used in the study includes sediment ,water , rain fall , and daily discharges related to the statistic periods from 1967-68 to 2009-2010. After data processing 554 records with accessible statistic discharges and their corresponding sediment were chosen and the obtained results were compared using sediment rating curve. To this aim, statistical criteria of R2 , RMSE, MAT , R and Bias were applied. To investigate, the rain fall effects and daily discharges on precise measuring of sediment by tree model, the data related to the rain fall and daily discharges were added to the model. The results showed that the decision tree model has presented reasonable results for the simulation of the suspended load in the present study station. So that based on criteria RMSE, MAE, r2 and Bias decision tree with less error than the sediment rating curve deposits is estimated. The results did not change much and sediment discharge rate is most correlated with the corresponding discharge of sediment.

A survey in the history of education in Iran reflects its long history from pre-Islamic era to the present time. The formation of schools began formally in Iran by establishment of the Nizâmiyya in the Seljuk period and continued with other forms and change during the Qajar period. As the Qajar paid serious attention to the religious education, the seminaries were also the center of importance. Meanwhile, Tehran as the capital of Iran during the Qajar period was the center for numerous seminaries. Until the year1625 AD, the capital had just seven theological seminaries, among which six schools belonged to the Safavid and one belonged to Zand era. In the Qajar 134-year period, 41 seminaries were built in Tehran. All schools were located in the old texture of six districts of Tehran including Arg, Udlajan, Sanglaj, Bazar, Doulat and Chalmeidan. Beginning of building the schools was in the reign of Fath Ali Shah Qajar (1636- 1675 AD), the reason may be the neglect of Aqa Mohammad Khan in the development of the city in his short reign (1634-1636 AD) who spent his ruling period to fight the oppositions. The process of making seminaries continued after the reign of Fath Ali Shah and in the 50-year reign of NaseredinShah (1679-1738 AD) the highest numbers of seminaries were established in Tehran. However, by beginning of modernism, paying attention to education and making new schools such as Darolfonun in Iran, Based on this study, in the Qajar period 41 seminaries were built just in Tehran. Despite the importance of seminaries in the Qajar period, a few comprehensive researches on these architectural buildings model has been done. Previous studies are limited to provide a general description of the case studies in these schools. One of the explanations pointed out that the studies are only limited to the historical and architectural characteristics and decoration of these schools individually. This article with descriptive-analytical method is based on field research and library research. Thus, we used first hand literature of Qajar era and the result of other studies for analyzing the spatial and functional elements of these buildings. We identified 38 schools in the Qajar dynasty using Tehran map and available sources. Investigating 18 schools showed that spatial-functional elements of the seminaries have some architectural similarities and differences. It is worth noting that the importance of addressing this issue is rooted in the fact that identifying any architectural space is distinguished from other areas by its special functions, more than anything else; and its physical space is usually formed regarding to those functions. Any new function appears in social life, just after development of social and historical contexts and needs, and after establishing, its own special space gradually forms. In this work, we attempted to extract the pattern used in the architectural styles of the schools as well as the similarities and differences in their functional-spatial elements, regarding the available samples. Among the similarities, we refer to the use of brick as the main material in schools. In addition, all of the schools were at a negative level of difference regarding to the surrounding buildings; the reason can be considered privacy and insisting on the principle of building. Another interesting similarity is observing the principle of introspection in order to create a silent learning environment of the schools. There are similarities as well in the main space-functional elements of the schools including entrance space, yard, chamber, toilette, ablution and prayer places. However, there are some differences in the details of the elements such as: removing the forecourt of the complex from the entrance space, courtyards’ different shapes (rectangular and octagonal), number of floors, the variation in the numbers of balconies (four porches, three porches, two porches, one porch and no balcony) and the difference in the form of arches used in covered porch, diversity in the number and geometry of the chamber, courtyards and details off ablution and restrooms location. It seems that the differences caused by makers’ and architects’ opinions as well as the lack of space. According to the findings of the study, there is no single plan in the studied seminaries (table1); therefore, it is not possible to achieve a common and completely similar architecture plan among the seminaries of Tehran in Qajar era. The same is true about the schools of one reign.

Hagiographic literature and specifically “maqamat”, meaning recording one of the Sufi sheiks’ life and behavior, have had a critical role in our social and cultural past and an outstanding effect on our best poet's minds and language after the 5th century. Therefore it’s one of the prominent genres of mystical literature. Though theyve had such significant role, not much study on them has been done yet. This paper analyses the language and discourse of two texts of this type and comperes the contrasts and conversions that appears through Sufism organization, in these text's language. The first text, Sirat-ibn Khafif, composed by Abolhasan deylami (died in 173), is one of the most primitive hagiographies. The other one, Maqamat-i zhanda pil, one of the most archaic biographies of Ahmad Jam (died in 541), is in fact regarded as the last hagiography until before the end of the 6th century and Mongol invasion.

Noorabad-e-Mamasani has the highest rate of delivery by cesarean section in Fars province. Cesarean section, as a large surgical operation, is accompanied with some side effects that sometimes get very dangerous and rarely lethal. The present investigation aims to determine the effects of a health belief model-based educational intervention on decreasing cesarean sections among the mentioned city's pregnant women in 2009. In this quasi-experimental study, 100 primiparous pregnant women, in their third trimester, were randomly categorized into two groups of case and control.The educational plan was designed based on the health belief model (HBM). Before implementation of the educational plan, a questionnaire, based on the HBM structures, was completed by the two groups. The case group received HBM-based education (6 educational sessions during three consecutive days). Pregnant women of the both groups completed the questionnaire for a second time 4-8 weeks after the intervention.The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 14 software and by independent-t, t-paired, chi- square, Wilcoxon, and Mann Whitney statistical tests. Participation of individuals in this study was voluntarily and with informed consents. Findings of the present research showed a meaningful difference in the mean scores of awareness (P < 0.001), perceived susceptibility (P < 0.001), perceived benefits (P < 0.001) and perceived self-efficacy (P = 0.02) between the two groups after the intervention. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups about perceived barriers (P = 0.09), intention for choosing the delivering type (P = 0.73), and behavior (P = 0.24) after the intervention. Results of this study indicated the effectiveness of health belief model-based educational plan on increasing the awareness and attitudes of pregnant women towards delivery. However, considering the numerous factors that may affect choice of delivery method, increased awareness and attitudes do not necessarily lead to the desired behavior. Therefore, in order to boost the efficiency of this model, it is important to take advantage of other models that influence health policy making and abstract norms.