جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "برساخت اجتماعی" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Policy design is one of the latest theoretical frameworks for understanding the formation process of policy alternatives which has been formed as a separate field of study in public policy in recent years. Despite little attention to this field of study, various theories and frameworks have been presented in the heart of this policy field to understand the policy-making process, and each of these theories and theoretical frameworks will bring useful insights for policy researchers and policy analysts. In this article, through literature review method, the main approaches, concepts and theoretical assumptions of policy design have been presented. Our study suggests that instrumentation and policy design and social constructs are two dominant approaches. We can mention other approaches such as the relation between design and governance model, Wicked problems, behavioral insights in design, policy advisory systems, Digital transformations and agile design in our findings.

In this research, the social study of the meaning of flood and coping strategies among the flood victims of Khuzestan province (Bander Imam Khomeini and Jarahee areas) have been addressed. The method used in this research was Grounded Theory. The data for this research was collected through in-depth interviews and theoretical sampling of 20 people consisting of the flood victims and injured, and reached complete theoretical saturation. For data analysis, three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding have been used. After the coding stage, 7 main categories and 1 core category were extracted from the data. The results of this research are presented in the form of a paradigm model and a theoretical schema. The results showed that the meaning of the flood among the flood victims is mainly created through factors such as neglect, feeling of rejection and reproduction of negative mentality towards the actions of the officials as well as synergy of the problems. Of course, it goes without saying that the flood victims also chose a "fragile combined strategy" against the flood. Finally, the theory of the research showed that the flood has led to the "spatial and identity displacement of the flood victims".

This research is concerned about the individuals’ economic relations and transactions within the rational ordinary life within the social space of the city of Yazd. The targeted population of the research is the people of Yazd from which 20 individuals have been selected based on targeted sampling. The required information was received through deep interviews. This research is based on qualitative study and is conducted based on interpretational methodology. In order to respond to the questions and achieve the objectives, a kind of theoretical backdrop was selected that was consistent with Strauss’s objectivity and Corbin’s analysis of narratives. Eventually, the convergence of interests and objectives and the inability of individuals had become the central phenomenon of the research, which are the result of an atmosphere of indifference and lack of solidarity between individuals encountering economic hurdles and the lack of individuals’ competence. In other words, all the participants said that the economic space was chaotic and instable, however most of them lacked the sufficient competence and cooperative attitude to enhance the situation. Moreover, the majority of them said that they are incapable to change and enhance the status quo.

The study has aimed to recognize the role of Instagram social network in the reproduction of religious culture among Iranian youth. To achieve this, the theory of social construction was chosen as the theoretical framework with an autonomous definition of religion and with reference to Giddens's views. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, and survey in terms of implementation. The statistical population of the current study was all 19-29 year olds in Tehran, Ardabil, Gorgan, Shiraz, and Kermanshah in 2019. The number of samples was determined based on Cochran's formula 384 people. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling. Factor analysis and path analysis with the help of Amos software were used for statistical analysis of data. The findings suggested that the Instagram social network has a significant effect on the reproduction of religious culture among Iranian youth. In fact, based on Giddens and Tyler, it can be argued that the more people are active and involved on Instagram social network, and the more reflective this activity is, the more they contribute to the production of meaning, and therefore their religious culture is more likely to be influenced by this reflective atmosphere. However, the less active and involved people are on Instagram social network, and the less reflective this activity is, the less they contribute to the reproduction of meaning. Therefore, they take less influence from the Instagram social network and are more likely to keep their religious culture more traditional.

While earthquake is described objectively in scientific texts, it gets its meaning from a social context, and is understood in continuity of historical experience among people. Sarpol-e-Zahab earthquake interrupts everyday life of its habitats, and at the same time carries on a historical path. In-depth interviews with narrators of the disaster indicate that social history of the place (existence of different religions, war, enslavement, chemical bombing, civil wars, genocide, poverty, porterage (Koolbari), executions and political struggles) plays an important role in understanding a natural disaster. Experiencing an earthquake is integrated in individual and collective identities, and connects to other elements of collective memories. Epistemic system organizes the experience of this earthquake and determines the agency toward it. The results show that the common concern of the narrators includes fear of betrayal, marginalization and being forgotten. They perceive the disaster to be humanistic and their attachment to the place is reduced. Therefore it seems vital to prepare necessary requirements for creating collective identities and collective narratives and to help them to be heard and recognized by each other and to establish meaningful relationship between themselves.

Crime is not merely a legal matter, but a social-cultural construction created by human beings. The main purpose of this article is study of social construction of crimes among young people in Rasht city. The study was conducted on the basis of qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sampling. Based on theoretical saturation 30 young adult of 20-35 years were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed based on thematic method of analysis. The results show that most of the youth have de-stigmatized some cultural categories such as violating hijab rules, make up, dance, having satellites and divorce. However, most of them still admit drug use, financial crimes, social inequality, failure to respect the rights of others and violence as a crime. Alongside these two narratives some young people are ambivalent about social issues such as cohabitation, alcoholic drinks and premarital relationship.

The research seeks to describe the beauty of the female body as a discursive order, to interpret the discourses present in this field as well as the hegemonic mechanisms of representing the female subject within discourse. In this regard, with a qualitative approach and in the framework of the discourse analysis method, the analytical extension of the female body beauty discourses was discussed. Data were collected using semi-structur interview technique among 30 women who were selected through purposeful sampling. The findings of the research led to the interpretation of the body as a subject in three levels of exercise, medicine and diet discourses. The concepts of building and femininity of the body under the guise of sport discourse, standardization and beauty eroticism were formulated in the medical discourse and the concepts of discipline and body shame followed by diet discourse. The interpretation of these three discursive levels shows that patriarchy has the hegemonic aspect as the discourse in the highest level of discursive hegemony and directs the mentality of women in the direction of body management.This discourse with the conception of the ideal woman seeks to negate other forms of femininity and essentially builds the beauty of the feminine body in the form of a male hegemonic look into the feminine body.

When a macro-level problem directly or indirectly affects the majority of people in a society, behaviors and attitudes would probably reflect the public attitude of society. In such conditions, researchers can provide policy makers with suggestions by identifying and studying collective attitudes and behaviors in different areas. Coronavirus epidemic created a social construct that can influence policy-making process in various fields. The aim of this paper is to study the social construct of coronavirus epidemic in Iran and the policies against it, among Internet users, in a period of 50 days (from the beginning of March to April 10, 2020). Thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data in this qualitative research. The results of the study are presented in three main categorie s (i.e., “context for intensification of epidemic”, “interaction between the state and the citizens in the face of epidemic” and “strategies for disease containment”) and various subcategories and concepts. The results of this study shows a relatively critical attitude among users towards the performance of the state and the people in the fight against corona. Among all solutions, following the hygiene tips and heeding intra/intercity transport restrictions seemed more important to internet users. This study demonstrates the need to use people’s capacities to contain corona epidemic.

The study of the social as well as aesthetic representation of body in public sphere has been one the most popular research agenda during the recent decade in Iran. Dispersion of the research results regarding the mentioned representation clearly divulge the necessity of performing a meta-analysis of the studies oriented toward the social construction of the body. Consequently, a relatively comprehensive image of the achievements as well as the challenges relating to the stated topic can be perceived. The purpose of the present study is to numerate the variables related to the body management and suggest a typology of them. The main question tried to be answered is “Which variables have attracted the attention of Iranian social studies researchers studying the phenomenon of body management?” Meta-analysis of 29 purposefully selected research papers show that the biological as well as natural bodies of the social actors have been changed into to a kind of social construction through the impact of 48 independent variables. Generally speaking, these mentioned variables can be categorized in terms of four types including social, cultural psychological and demographic ones as well. Social variables have the highest frequency of usage in 57/8% of the meta-analyzed studies while cultural variables have the lowest frequency of usage in 27/2% of the mentioned studies. In 78/2% of the reviewed studies, researchers have emphasized the impact of psychological variables on the social construction of the body. To put it differently, it can be concluded that lower levels of significance have been attached to the social and cultural variables than those allocated to psychological and demographic ones in the studies reviewed in this research paper. The absence of offering practical solutions related to mechanisms of the social construction of the body as well as neglection of the types and forms of relation between social construction of the body and different aspects of dominant of religious-political discourse are the two important dimensions missed by the authors of the purposefully selected research papers.

 The establishment of hospitals caused many people with different medical profession start working there. But, nurses always received less attention. When it comes to healthcare in hospitals, the community of nurses are taken into consideration. In most of medical institution, nursing department is one of the largest part and nursing staffs make up 40 to 60 percent of all human resources. In hierarchy of hospital class the community of nurses may get exposed to heavy pressure that refers to the system of the hospital, the patients, and their companies. This pressure may cause dissatisfaction. Besides the dissatisfaction, this pressure causes this community feel exhausted in hospitals. Many studies proved that job stress, dissatisfaction and burnout are common among nursing experts. For this reasons, among all hospital staffs, nurses need to be empowered to be effective for patients, doctors and the other health care experts along with for themselves. As usual, powerless nurses are those who are not effective in hierarchy of hospital class. Powerless nurses most of the time are dissatisfied about their career and also Prone to burnout. Regarding powerlessness problem among nurses, the present paper attempts to use a conceptual framework of sociology and an interpretive approach to describe the formation the processes of job powerlessness among nurses of Yazd governmental hospitals. In addition, in this paper, the question of how nurses’ powerlessness in Yazd governmental hospitals can be constructed will be answered. 

In this paper, the qualitative methodology with its underlying theory is used. For conducting a substantial interview, the number of 20 nurses of Yazd governmental hospitals were selected. The interviews were continued until reaching theoretical saturation stage. After finishing every interview, the recordings were written and then analyzed by researcher. In analyzing process, line-by-line analysis technique was utilized for open coding step. Along with the development of concepts and their abstraction, axial and selective coding steps were performed on the text. This paper considered ethical concepts such as legal harm prevention, informed consent, privacy, anonymity and confidentiality. Aliases are used to maintain the anonymity criterion, and for the sake of privacy, the participants' private information was kept safe. By long-term contact with the research environment, continuous observation in the field of research, review, referral adequacy, rich description and approval of the participants, the reliability of research findings was confirmed. Also, the validity of the research was confirmed by observing the principles of interviewing, recording, and implementing the results of interviews. 

After analyzing the collected data, a core category entitled ‘hegemonic construction of job powerlessness’ was made up of 157 concepts, 33 sub-categories, and 20 main categories. The results were presented in the form of story line, paradigm model and theoretical schema. The result showed that job powerlessness of nurses is basically originated from physician care, financial dissatisfaction, and the fluid situation of patients. In this situation, nurses choose different strategies against job powerlessness. Emotional work, pragmatic treatment, and trust discourse are the strategies that are common among nurses. Its implications are for some cases like learned apathy, conflict resolution, hegemony of negative emotions, and blended care styles. The overall result is that the social construction of job powerlessness is hegemonic in its acute state. This will include micro, mid and macro levels. In fact, hegemonic job powerlessness construction among nurses, at the micro level, is mentally created by nurses and is stabilized at the intermediate level by the hospital system organization and eventually is reproduced at the society level. This suggests that the construction of powerlessness constantly stems from the social context and thus can be altered by changing substrate, thus job powerlessness may increase or decrease.

It is about 15 years since the filed of technology and innovation management is established in Iran and following that, the field of technology and innovation policy is started from a decade ago. In both levels of M.S. and Ph.D., the courses and programmes have been started focusing in universities located within Tehran, mainly in faculties of Management or Economics. The aim of this paper is to explore the social contruction of these fileds to explore the thinking and viewpoints of their active people. We defined them as the main author of the papers in three main Persian journals, i.e. science and technology policy quarterly, management of technology development and management of innovation. We developed a conceptual framework for this purpose and data gathering has been conducted through online questionares. The analysis of data reveals that there is a convergence between the local community and international community in terms of knowing the context such as prominent figures and schools, while there is large gap in areas have more to do with content and concepts.

Over the last few years the attitude towards caesarian has dramatically increased beyond a personal conduct among the Iranian women that has attracted the social researchers’ attention. Some contextual conditions related to women attitudes to voluntarily caesarian and their existential experience has been analyzed in this paper. Therefore, 15 women who passed through caesarian at Laleh Hospital in Tehran at the time of research were interviewed based on interpretational framework and applying qualitative method. According to the results, fear of pain and side effects of vaginal delivery constructed by doctors and relatives were the main reason to choose caesarian over natural delivery by women.The considerable point was that none of the research participants were directed by their doctors to learn about natural delivery preparation either mentally or physically.It seems that women attitudes to caesarian might be moderated by increasing awareness about advantages and disadvantages of two kinds of childbirth, improve quality of vaginal delivery, giving information about new methods of natural delivery like water birth and their coverage by insurance companies, cultural development of traditional or complementary medicine and better surveillance on voluntarily caesarian. Finally, women empowerment in term of cognitive, personal and physical aspects would be a very fruitful factor in this regard.

This paper aims to examine the socially and culturally constructed nature or the issue of Mehriyeh among women grappling with the issue in Shiraz, Iran. More specifically, the study aims at the understandings, reasons and purposes of women to ask over their Mehriyeh, while they have it in mind getting divorced. This study, epistemologically, enjoys a social constructionist perspective for approaching the issue and, methodologically, draws on a qualitative approach for gathering/making and analyzing data. J,1 order of gathering data, twenty-six in-depth interviews were done with wives who had difficulties for receiving their Mehriyeh. Interviews were witnessed many difficulties in terms of feasibility. For instance, all interviews were done in a public place in Shiraz in two months. The findings of the research are evidence for heterogeneity of the issue of Mehriyeh in terms of roots, forms. and consequences. The interviewed women thought of Mehriyeh as a tool to defend their rights and autonomy and recover their styles of life. Moreover, handling the issues of Mehriyeh entails review and re-formulation of the laws to be improved the condition of marriage and divorce, women said.