جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « برنامه ریزی آرمانی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

In this research, asset and liability management, which is one of the most important things done by banks, is examined. The methods and complexity of the process used to manage assets and liabilities depend on the size and complexity of the portfolio. Bank Mellat, as one of the most central banks in the country, in line with its organizational goals and missions, needs accurate economic planning and high-yield investments in order to maintain the value of depositors' reserves and provide the necessary resources to fulfill its long-term and short-term obligations. According to the stated content, the main problem of this research consists in the fact that due to the importance of asset and liability management with the approach of liquidity risks, credit, balance sheet, capital structure as a comprehensive approach that includes different types of important risks and It includes the important, it should be noted. In this research, we consider asset and debt management with more important factors in this matter, so that the model is more efficient than the previous models presented, which has been taken into account with the approach of goal programming.

Subject and Purpose of the Article: 

Budgeting Based on Performance is the allocation of budget to the results, which if done correctly will improve the Performance Audit. The purpose of the present study is to present a mathematical model of budgeting based on performance in order to use it in the companies under the Ministry of Energy, so that its effect on the success of the performance audit can be investigated.

In the first stage, the fuzzy Delphi method and mathematical calculations was used to confirm the ideal budgeting components. In the second step, the DEMATEL method was used to present the performance audit success model. 5 experts in the field of budget and finance in the subsidiary companies of the Ministry of Energy were used to answer.

The findings of the fuzzy Delphi confirmed the 8 components to increase synergy with ideal budgeting and components of ideal budgeting are applicable in Ministry of Energy companies, and performance audit and budgeting based on ideal performance have a close relationship with each other.

Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge:

 This model is useful for the working procedures of the Program and Budget Organization and the Supreme Audit Court.

Asset and Liability Management (ALM) is one of the most important tools that senior executives of a bank, including the CEO and the board of directors, should consider in monitoring and controlling the financial health and enhancing the financial capability of the bank. This article presents a mathematical optimization model based on Goal programming (GP), with an emphasis on the most crucial pillar of optimizing the operational allocation of the balance sheet structure in banks. The considered constraints in the model take into account the importance of regulatory laws and regulations approved by the Monetary and Credit Council and communicated by the Central Bank to the banking network within the key constraints of linear programming in the model. The results obtained from this article emphasize that liquidity Goal constraint and regulatory Goal constraint have a significant and effective impact on improving the balance sheet management structure of banks and reducing liquidity risk.

One of the most critical responsibilities of bank managers is liquidity management. The purpose of this study is to design and implement a combined mathematical model of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Goal Programming (GP) for bank liquidity management. Initially, a conceptual model was drawn up, followed by the definition of model variables based on the bank's financial statements. Due to the presence of multiple, conflicting goals and the differing importance of each goal, the GP technique was utilized. The weighted nature of the GP model allowed for the calculation of the importance of ratios affecting the bank's liquidity within the objective function through the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The model was solved, and the analytical results were presented to bank officials. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model was validated through a survey of seven main questions related to seven evaluation dimensions from 30 banking experts. Given the similarities in banking systems in the country, with minor modifications, the proposed model and pattern of this research could provide the necessary foundations for efficient liquidity management in other banks as well as help other Iranian banks to enhance their liquidity management efficiency with some adjustments.

AbstractIn today's global competition, choosing suppliers, increasing relationships with suppliers, and developing collaborative and sustainable relationships with them to reduce costs and increase flexibility against market changes is necessary and difficult. The present study aims to design a model for ranking suppliers and allocating the optimal number of purchases of sugar beet from the suppliers. The statistical population of the research is experts and specialists in the field of supplier selection at Torbat-e Heydarieh Sugar Company whose number is about 10 people based on proficiency, authority, and skills. The research method of this study is quantitative based on nature, and applicable based on purpose. In this research, to identify the basic criteria for the selection of suppliers, theoretical literature and experts' opinions have been used, and the method of the Analytic Hierarchy Process has been used to rank suppliers. In addition, to allocate the optimal order amount to each of the suppliers, the integration of the Goal Programming model with the Analytic Hierarchy Process has been used. The results of this research show that how Torbat-e Heydarieh Sugar Company can allocate optimal order amount to any of the suppliers by prioritizing them and also by examining the different parameters, according to the capacity of suppliers, and determine how the studied companies purchase their desired raw materials from suppliers to achieve the desired relative and strategic advantage.ExtendedIntroductionThe issue of supplier evaluation and achieving sustainability in the supply chain is one of the important components of supply chain management because suppliers play an important role in creating sustainability in the supply chain, which means achieving social, environmental, and economic goals and ultimately the success of the company. As much as the selection of suitable suppliers is effective in reducing costs and increasing the competitiveness of companies, the selection of inappropriate suppliers can also degrade the financial and operational position of companies (Baroto et al., 2022; Soheilifar and Falah Lajimi, 2019). The process of selecting suppliers is the most important factor in the effective management of the modern supply chain network because it helps in achieving high-quality products and customer satisfaction. Also, the performance of the supplier plays a key role in price, quality, delivery, and service in achieving the goals of the chain (Mohammed  et al., 2021; Tavakolian et al., 2020).Currently, the way to supply raw materials and evaluate suppliers in the supply chain is one of the challenges that organizations face for more profitability. Because of the ever-increasing number of suppliers due to the creation of competitive conditions, organizations need to develop a suitable methodology for evaluating and selecting suppliers as well as evaluating their performance to successfully reduce costs and increase the quality of services and products (Rashidi Komijan and Masoudifar, 2021).On the other hand; if the supplier cannot deliver the orders on time and with the required quality and reliability, issues and problems will arise in meeting the demand of the seller's customers and ultimately lead to customer dissatisfaction (Ha & Krishnan, 2008). A supplier that fails to deliver a guaranteed and sufficient product to the seller on time will result in customer loss (Gupta & Barua, 2017). Therefore, choosing a supplier is of considerable importance. During the process of choosing a supplier, especially in a competitive environment, it is very important to buy from a supplier who can meet the most criteria such as material quality, on-time delivery, etc. The current research aims to provide a multi-stage and consistent approach for selecting and ranking effective factors and providing a model for the best purchasing situation using the Goal Programming method, which initially identifies the effective criteria for the evaluation and selection of suppliers and the desired criteria using the hierarchical analysis method, then the important suppliers of Tarbat-e Haidarieh Sugar Company have been ranked and finally, the optimal amount of purchase from suppliers has been allocated using the AHP-GP mixed model.Theoretical frameworkRashidi Komijan and Masoudifar (2021) in a research titled "Mathematical model for evaluating suppliers and purchasing spare parts" showed that determining the group for each part according to the two dimensions of supply risk and criticality of the part is a suitable management tool for equipment supply management, and the use of the zero and one planning model is a suitable method for allocating orders in the field of spare parts, and the structure and components of the objective function and restrictions can be changed according to the type of organization.Firouzi & Jadidi (2021), in research entitled "Multi-objective model for supplier selection and order allocation problem through fuzzy parameters", presented a fuzzy multi-objective model for the supplier selection problem and have created a weight additive function to convert the fuzzy multi-objective model into a single objective fuzzy model that can effectively consider the preferences of decision-makers. Then, a separation method was used to solve the single-objective model with fuzzy parameters (Firouzi & Jadidi ,2021).Naqvi & Hassanzadeh Amin (2021) have written an article titled "Supplier selection and order allocation: a literature review." In this research, the articles conducted in the field of supplier selection have been reviewed, and the scope of the problem has been examined in three subcategories, including literature models, deterministic optimization models, and uncertain optimization models.MethodologyThis research is applied based on the purpose, and descriptive-survey based on the nature and method of research. Data collection has been done through interviews and distribution of questionnaires among senior and middle managers and experts involved in the purchase of beet sugar of Torbat-Haidarieh sugar factory. Also, through library studies and the use of references and sources related to the topic, the materials and topics related to the discussion have been extracted and used in the present research. The aim of this study is to provide a multi-stage and consistent approach to select the effective factors, rank them, and then provide a model for the best purchase situation using the Goal Programming method. This methodology can be divided into two main phases: the first phase includes the determination of quantitative and qualitative criteria and the use of an Analytic Hierarchy Process to weigh the criteria and options, and the second phase includes the identification of goal and systemic limitations and combining the results of the first phase with the Goal Programming method to allocate the optimal order amount to each supplier. The softwares used in this research were Expert Choice and Lindo 6.01.Discussion and ResultsThe purpose of this research is to provide a framework for the analysis and selection of suppliers of raw materials for Torbat-Haidaryeh Sugar Joint Stock Company. Therefore, this research provides a framework that determines the optimal combination of suppliers according to multiple quantitative and qualitative goals and takes into account system limitations so that the maximum possible value is achieved according to the opinions of experts and specialists of the company. One of the features of this research and the combined model is the possibility of considering the weight of decision-makers. This is important because the decision-making committee may include different members, each of whom has different positions in the organization. By accepting the assumption that different positions are the result of knowledge, experience, work records, etc., the executive director as the person in charge of the decision-making committee can compare the members of the committee in pairs, and finally, the weight of the decision-makers is obtained by calculating the special vector of the matrix. Then the next calculations will be influenced by the weight of the decision-makers. In this study, the factors influencing the selection of suppliers were first identified using literature and experts' opinions. Then these criteria and sub-criteria were prioritized using the AHP method. After that, each of the suppliers was rated for each criterion and also for all sub-criteria. In the next step, using the Goal Programming method, the optimal amount of order allocation to each supplier was determined, and according to the results of the research, the largest amount of purchase allocation should be made from Razavi Agricultural Company; Islamabad and Khezri Agricultural Company in the second place, and Marghzar Farmers’ Cooperative Company were ranked third according to the number of orders. Among the other advantages of this model, it can be mentioned that this model includes multiple criteria (quantitative and qualitative) such as grade, quality, timely delivery, etc. in the evaluation and selection of suppliers so that the optimal value according to the Goal limitations is allocated to selected suppliers.ConclusionAccording to the results of this research, at first, the effective components on the evaluation of suppliers were extracted based on the opinion of experts and theoretical foundations. After that, these components were prioritized. After prioritizing these components, all suppliers were evaluated based on these components. Finally, after prioritizing the suppliers based on these components, the optimal allocation of orders from suppliers was determined for each supplier. Among the evaluation components, shipping cost is one of the factors influencing the order (Gergi̇n et al., 2021; Jiang et al., 2018; Adalı & Işık, 2017) and most companies are formed near raw materials to bear the least excess cost. (Khan et al., 2016). Also, companies are generally looking for suppliers who can be more compatible with these companies in terms of conditions (Hadian et al., 2020; Gergi̇n et al., 2021), but in some situations, such as the lack of primary goods and the presence of strong competitors, the supplier gets a higher bargaining power and in this situation, the company has to adapt reluctantly to the supplier's conditions (Mohammed et al., 2021). In this situation, companies may have financial requests in the implementation of the contract (Öztürk & Paksoy, 2020). The more financially powerful the suppliers are and the more they can supply, the more they can change the conditions in their favor. On the other hand, the fewer competing companies in the market, the more companies can choose their suppliers with better conditions (Taherdoost and Brard, 2019). Governments can push companies to buy more products from suppliers by giving subsidies. However, companies tend to buy from suppliers with higher quality products (Rezaei et al., 2014; Adalı & Işık, 2017).The higher the quality of the products, the more companies look for the products of these suppliers (Fei et al., 2019). On the other hand, one of the most important factors for sugar beet companies is the grade of this product, and the companies have understood very well that products with higher grades lead to more profit for these companies; therefore, they are looking for buying quality products with suitable quality. Reassuring factors are among the factors that are of great importance in the process of supplier evaluation and selection. Suppliers whose delivery is fast and on time are more important for companies (Jain et al., 2018; Arabsheybani et al., 2018); because if the delivery time is inappropriate, it may cause problems for the company's production. In addition, suppliers who have stable delivery guarantee the future of the company's production (Hadian et al., 2020), and these suppliers are considered strategic partners of the company and are generally much easier adapt with the Companies' conditions to conclude a contract (Szmelter-Jarosz, 2020).The company should support its loyal suppliers and not leave them alone in critical situations, and the contract between the two should be designed in such a way that the risk is shared between the supplier and the company to create confidence on both sides of the transaction (kabgani & shahbandarzadeh, 2019; Junior et al., 2014). Due to the fact that in this research, the mentioned cases have been investigated, therefore, this research is in accordance with the research conducted in terms of using the mentioned variables. In this section, according to the results of the research and in line with expanding the scope of the dynamic problem of supplier selection and order amount allocation, it is suggested that from now on, using the results of this research, the selection of suppliers in this company to be done every year by systematically and scientifically collecting the information required by the models, and establish a marketing strategy related to the suppliers who have obtained high ranks in this research. Also, considering that the conclusion of the initial contract is the responsibility of the company's inspectors; a list of factors affecting the selection of suppliers based on the set priorities has been provided to each of the inspectors to identify the suppliers based on it and proceed to the final negotiations. After the ranking, it was found that the sugar beet quality criterion has a very important priority among the factors. Therefore, it is suggested that sugar production companies use the quality determination device (Betalyzer) to determine the quality of beet sugar.

Today, the digital gaming industry has a significant impact on the economic, cultural, and social spheres around the world. The advent of real and virtual reality games, particularly in medical science, has taken this industry out of the realm of mere entertainment and has become one of the applied industries. This study aims to optimize the combination of indigenous digital game development strategies, using a goal mathematical programming model. Compared to other common methods, the proposed approach can be a good alternative to studying and using mathematical planning in strategic management, when strategies are evaluated and selected.

Design/methodology/approach:

 The research method of this study is typically mixed qualitative and quantitative for which, the main data were collected using library studies and theoretical framework review, in-depth and structured interviews with 12 experts and specialists in the digital games industry. A filled questionnaire was collected after coding variables. Thematic analysis (reasoning and rational analysis) was used to extract and classify the components. Also, an integration of House of Quality (HOQ), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) techniques were used to determine the variables and parameters required in the mathematical model of the research. Finally, a goal programming model was used to determine the optimal combination of the strategies.

A portfolio of optimal strategies was proposed that were effective in removing barriers and challenges in the game industry, which facilitated the achievement of game development goals with desirable capabilities in implementation. The mentioned strategies were capabilities empowerment and development of game-making experts, targeting and enriching the content of homemade games, financing and facilitating investment, and increasing the level of competitiveness of game-making groups.

Research limitations/implications: 

The limited number of expert group members and the researcher's low access to them, in addition to creating problems related to the distribution and collection of questionnaires, review and increase the computational accuracy of validity and reliability, and also calculating the compatibility rate in the pairwise comparison questionnaires were the challenges and limitations of this study.

Practical implications:

 The digital games industry has a great potential for growth and development, and its favorable economic, cultural and social effects are undeniable. Some of the practical findings of this study are the creation of an elite network and a strong relationship between gaming enthusiasts and the university, empowerment of game developers' knowledge and game studios in the gaming ecosystem, and monitoring and support of governmental and non-governmental policy-making institutions.

Originality/value: 

In this paper, a new approach was proposed for evaluating and optimizing strategies for developing indigenous digital games to overcome their challenges and meet the relevant objectives in compliance with their feasibility (ease) of implementation. Also, the use of mathematical modeling in evaluating and selecting optimal strategies in this industry distinguishes this study from the literature.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of decision-making units using the goal programming model of data envelopment analysis with restriction weight and ranking of units with a unique method in Ghavamin Bank.

In this study, the classical CCR model was used to determine the management efficiency of provincial branches in Ghavamin Bank. To increase the discriminative power of efficient and inefficient decision-making units, a combination of goal programming models with Weight restriction was used and a new model called goal programming of data envelopment analysis with Weight restriction was presented.

Based on the output values of the classical CCR model, 16 out of 32 decision-making units became efficient and 16 units became inefficient. In the next step, for more separability of the units, the goal programming model of data envelopment analysis with Weight restriction was used. The results of the first-order Euclidean norm became 7 efficient and the rest inefficient out of 32 decision-making units, and the results of the infinite Euclidean norm became 1 of 32 efficient units and the rest of the decision-making units inefficient.

The results showed that the goal programming model of data envelopment analysis with Weight restriction related to infinite Euclidean norm in separating and ranking efficient decision-making units from inefficient has a high discriminate power compared to the classical CCR model and the first-order Euclidean norm.

This study aims to propose a multi-objective model for determining reliable suppliers of one-shot systems. Design/methodology/approach: First, based on the evaluation indicators, the risk of each supplier is estimated. The subsets’ risks are also evaluated using the causal-effect matrix. Considering possible events for the one-shot case and analyzing a fault tree led the researchers to meet the best composition of equipment. 

The proposed model is capable of leading practitioners to allocate suppliers effectively when a one-shot case is considered. Research limitations/implications: The results of this study are referred to the current equipment of the focused one-shot system. Also, the results are limited to potential risks identified, evaluations related to comments, and the proposed model for the considered time interval. 

Based on the findings, applying the proposed approach can lead to an effective management tool for selecting suppliers with acceptable risk in one-shot systems.  

A one-shot device is defined as a unit that can be used only once, hence the device cannot be used for testing more times. Each subset used in one-shot systems, regardless of how it supplies, has a specific risk level. Depending on what any subset provides, it also affects the factors influencing the overall system failure. Therefore, selecting appropriate suppliers is significant to ensure correct function of a system. 

The proposed model can be used as a fast and reliable method for determining appropriate suppliers for one-shot systems, whose results can be relied upon with a suitable approximation in respect of the sensitivity analysis. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, nobody else have addressed the problem in such a way.

This paper proposes a bi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model for formulating a lot- sizing and scheduling problem for the perishable yogurt industry under demand uncertainty. The objectives of the proposed model are to simultaneously minimize the overall cost and the total production completion time.  The proposed MILP formulation integrates many distinctive features of yogurt processing, including shelf-life constraints, setups, packaging rates, minimum and maximum lot size limits, future time for holding products, and fuzzy demand. Additionally, the proposed model, including inventory control, is a multi-product and multi-period model hence, it is categorized as an operational-strategic model. We introduce a hybrid approach focused on fuzzy possibility programming and a fuzzy goal programming approach for solving the suggested bi-objective model, where possibility, necessity and credibility measures are adopted according to the decision makers’ preference.  Compared to the traditional model of lot sizing and scheduling, better decision-making and sensitivity analysis for DMs can be made based on the three obtained efficiency values. Data from the yogurt plant were used to assess the feasibility of the proposed model and solution approach. The results obtained from applying the method and sensitivity analysis showed the effectiveness of the mathematical formulation as well as the proposed solution method.

In this study, the investment management problem in the Tehran Stock Exchange and OTC companies in Iran as a stock portfolio optimization problem is investigated. This model has two objective functions including risk minimization and return maximization. The constraints are including the assigning all budgets to the companies considering budget limitation. In order to deal with the uncertainty conditions in the model parameters, the chance constraints approach is used and the objective functions are considered as a single problem using the goal-programming method. To solve the problem in the two-purpose mode, the augmented epsilon constraint method is used. According to the numerical results, it can be seen that problem solving in two-objective mode is able to produce Pareto solutions that do not dominate each other in a feasible space. Also, in case of uncertainty, the use of goal-programming leads to numerical solutions with the appropriate level of performance and costs are consistent with reality. In fact, the problem results in both multi-objective and single-objective situations can be implemented in real-world conditions. Finally, it can be said that the use of computational results of this study can be used as an operational tool.

The purpose of this article was to designing four level supply network with the simultaneous consideration of operational and financial flow in LARG supply network framework in Saipa Yadak Company. The innovation of article was presenting an integrated financial- operational approach to LARG supply network and new aspect of research was considering four levels of suppliers factories distribution centers and customers by Fuzzy Multi-Objective (FMO) optimization at strategic and technical decision-making levels. One of the prominent features of proposed model was use of Goal Programing (GP) for modeling financial flow and achieving producer's financial goals. Since the proposed model was a two objective model SO and TH FMO interactive approaches which are able to adjust degree of satisfaction of the objective functions were used to solve model. Using these approaches in addition to GP the enables decision-maker to make final decision by choosing the right solution based on degree of satisfaction and priority of each objective function. The mathematical model presented in the GAMS optimization software were coded and solved with CPLEX solver. Finally to show the efficiency and fit of the model integrated financial approach of the present article was compared with a non-financial model.

Terminals are major urban passenger centers that play an important role in collecting demand and distributing it on the network. The proper functioning of terminals depends on their proper planning, an important part of which is devoted to their principled location. The issue of locating intra-city bus terminals should be considered as optimization issues.

 The mentioned method is based on four consecutive stages, according to which, in the first and second stages, the candidate points for the construction of intercity bus terminals are selected according to the network of bus lines and the location of the lanes, as well as according to the existing terminals. In the third stage, the cost of construction and acquisition, the value of access to adjacent uses, as well as the amount of coverage that each candidate points provide in the city, are evaluated. Finally, in the fourth stage, the problem is transformed from a multi-objective mode to a single-objective maximization problem using the ideal planning method, as a result of which the top points are identified among the candidate points. In order to better understand the proposed method, the problem of locating terminals was implemented in the city of Shiraz, which finally selected the proposed 3-point algorithm as the final points for the construction of intercity bus terminals.

Examination of the results of the model and parameters of selected points shows that these points are among the important and effective points for the construction of the terminal and are relatively in good agreement with the policy of Shiraz Municipality Bus Organization in locating the terminals.

Originality/Value:

In this paper, an innovative method is used to solve the problem of locating terminals, which strengthens the existing knowledge.

The purpose of this study was to determine the comprehensive performance evaluation criteria to improve the performance evaluation system of employees using a new model of data envelopment analysis based on 360-degree evaluation for employee ranking.

In this study, first, performance evaluation criteria were identified by studying the research background. Questionnaires designed based on the opinions of twenty-five staff of the organization, three senior managers, ten professors with university experience and ten active and selected students of the university (a total of 48 people in a 360-degree structure) are completed and then using A new model of designed data envelopment analysis, employee ranking, was performed. Twelve performance evaluation indicators extracted from the research background by experts in four categories with the titles of service compensation system in the first category; Job security, perceived organizational justice, perceived organizational support, and physical working conditions in the second category; Job characteristics, job clarity and ability of employees in the third category and job feedback, job stress, organizational citizen behavior and motivation in the fourth category were ranked and documented using a linear optimization model based on the goal programming and policy. Data envelopment analysis resulted in a complete ranking for the staff of a university unit with 25 staff members.

Interpretation and analysis of structured results obtained from the use of data envelopment analysis policy based on 360-degree evaluation can be the basis for improving human resources and continuing periodic evaluation to continuously improve employee performance in the organization.

Originality/Value:

The present study can help their evaluations by using various indicators comprehensively as well as 360-degree approach and considering the external and internal challenges of the organization.

Nowadays, production of economic production is one of the most important of policymaker’s tensions. Address to this. It is necessary to merge the farmer’s aims along policy makers as well as their necessities. Therefore, the current study attempted to investigate on optimum cropping pattern of agricultural crops in Kurdistan province respect to each county emphasizing on minimize virtual water. To follow research aim the necessary data were collected for the agricultural year 2015-6 using goal programming. The results showed that, the current cropping pattern does not has no comparative advantage and it has to experience significant change. In other words, the current cropping pattern willing must to change from mixed form to specialized one according to comparative advantage according to resource possibilities of each district. The range of change showed that, there are significant decrease and increase in some crops compare to current situation. The results showed that, irrigated wheat did not get permission to enter optimum model. In addition, the most of current crop due to low return as well as disadvantage of study area omitted in recommended pattern.

Budgets are approved for paving the way for new research projects in R&D centers. The basis for allocation of the budget needs to be analyzed regarding of organizations’ criteria. One of these criteria can be the performance of research groups and research centers in past projects. It is also necessary that those which fit well the goals and strategies of the organization projects be supported. In this paper, a robust mathematical model is presented on the basis of the Bertsimas and Sim method for the allocation of the budget to the research groups with higher priorities. The results of solving and simulation of the model indicate that along with the increase in uncertainty of model parameters such as estimated project costs, and increasing the level of protection, the degree of deviation from the ideal have been correctly measured. This is an indication of the capabilities of the designed model, and decision-makers can make use of it for better decisions by considering the level of risks and the degree of deviation from the ideal situation. For testing the validity of the model, the budget approved by a defensive research center was examined by it. The results certified the effectiveness of the model from the viewpoint of the managers of the research groups and the research center.

This research is aimed at performance evaluation and prioritization of public libraries in Fars state cities by using Data Envelopment Analysis and Goal Programming integrated approach in 1394.

this research is an applied research based on purpose, and descriptive-analytic based on data collection method. Required data is gathered from Fars province public library institution in 1394. Linear programming was developed for each cities and results were extracted by using Lingo software.

Minimax model showed best results among models. Arsanjan and Khorambid were efficient and other cities were inefficient (include Shiraz as a province center). When we used Anderson-Peterson approach Khorambid is more efficient than Arsanjan. Finally, Khorambid, Arsanjan and Firozabad had a highest ranks and Farashband, Sepidan and Rostam Had a lowest ranks respectively based on prioritization.

the main conclusion of this research would be that Shiraz as a center of Fars province placed in rank 4. However, Shiraz has a large number of facilities according to other cities, the output has not been proportional with the distributed facilities. On the other hand, based on weighting method, the main input is total number of books and major output is total number of visitors.

Using the data envelopment analysis method to determine the most efficient companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.

In this study, three industries of banking, petrochemical and pharmaceutical have been studied to determine efficient companies. Then, using the ideal planning method, the investment percentage of each company's share in the portfolio is calculated. In this method, once the return and share risk as model variables and with another liquidity variable is added to them.

The results showed that after ranking the companies, their sensitivity can be analyzed and by determining the weaknesses and recognizing the impact of variables, to increase the efficiency of companies.

Originality/Value:

Using the portfolio of efficient companies for investment leads to reducing investment risk and choosing the right portfolio.

Startup accelerator program is a new incubation model to accelerate venture creation providing specialized mentorship, networking opportunities and financing growth driven businesses. Since emergence of the first accelerator in US in 2005, the number of seed accelerating programs has quickly grown worldwide. Performance evaluation of these emerging programs not only could clarify relative success of this new incubation approach but also help out Iranian emerging accelerators to benchmark from pioneers of the industry. The evaluation could also assist startups and entrepreneurs to find out which of the existing accelerators are well-performed and thus ease decision making to select them as their incubator. So in this paper we aim to measure the performance of US top accelerators using a DEA method combined with goal programing approach. The inputs of the evaluation consist of numbers of mentors and startups, investment on each startup in average and in general, and the share of accelerator in startup company. The outputs in turn are different and include number and value of exits, and fund raising. Comparison of the final result with Seed Accelerator Ranking Project (SARP), shows different sorting and it is due the distinct evaluation approach. SARP considers only outputs of accelerators but we take in to account both outputs and inputs in the evaluation which could better illustrate the efficiency of DMUs.