جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تحریف های شناختی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The oral literature of each region is considered a type of folk literature, which can be used to understand the different aspects of the culture and literature ruling that region and the way of thinking of its people through its analysis and investigation. Proverb is one of the components of popular literature. Some proverbs have a gender bias. In every culture, gender proverbs indicate the social status of men and women. In these proverbs, the society's expectations and demands of each gender (male and female) have been specified. Examining the place of women in common proverbs in the city of Dahaqan - one of the districts of Isfahan - can show the thinking and mentality of the people of this region about women. The purpose of this research, which was conducted in the field-library method, is to examine these proverbs based on cognitive distortions, which are considered a subset of cognitive errors and part of the topics of psychological science. Examining the proverbs based on the above-mentioned foundation will provide a detailed understanding of the position of women in this city. The results of this research show that some cognitive distortions were involved in the formation of gender proverbs in the city of Dahagan, which include: all or nothing thinking, overgeneralization, hasty conclusions, Emotional reasoning, Should Statements, labeling.

Adolescence is referred to as a dynamic and active period of each person's life, and the major part of a person's personality is formed in this period. Undoubtedly, the importance of the adolescent developmental period cannot be denied. Thus, during adolescence, a person may encounter problems in various areas of individual, family, psychological, emotional, social, and health. Although the prevailing view among researchers is that most people go through the developmental stage of adolescence and the unstable psychological and emotional states of that stage in good health, recent research suggests that the number of adolescents with symptoms of behavioral disorders or who express emotion is increasing. According to this, the present study was conducted to test the model of the relationship between social anxiety and parental psychological control and social support with the mediation of cognitive distortions in students.
 
The research method was descriptive-correlational and Structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all first and second high school male and female students who were studying in the academic year 2019-20. The statistical sample included 400 adolescents who were selected through a clustered random sampling method. After collecting the questionnaires and removing the distorted and incomplete questionnaires, 373 students remained in the research (198 female students and 175 male students). The applied questionnaires included Social Anxiety Scale (CAS) (LaGreca, 1998), Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire (PPCQ) (Soenens, Vansteenkiste, Luyten, 2010), Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CDQ) (Hamamci, Büyüköztürk, 2004), and Peer Social Support Questionnaire (PSSQ) (Procidano, Heller, 1983). The data analysis was conducted through way analysis. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and Amos 23 software.
 
The results showed that parental psychological control, peer social support, and cognitive distortions have a significant relationship with social anxiety (p<0.01). Moreover, parental psychological control and peer social support have a direct significant effect on cognitive distortions and social anxiety (p<0.01). Furthermore, the results of the Bootstrap and Sobel test showed that cognitive distortions have a significant mediation role in the relationship of parental psychological control and peer social support with social anxiety in male and female students (p<0.01). Finally, the model had an appropriate goodness of fit.
 
Taking the significant mediation role of cognitive distortions into account, clinical therapists must decrease the student's cognitive distortions by applying cognitive techniques. Reducing cognitive distortions allows adolescents to have more efficient cognitive processing. This process also reduces the incidence of cognitive errors.

This research was conducted to develop a model for predicting social anxiety in male and female adolescents based on perfectionism, social self-efficacy, and cognitive distortions. The research was applied and descriptive-correlational and way analysis was the research method. The statistical population of the present survey consisted of all first- and second-year male and female high school students in 2019-2020. 373 adolescents were selected through clustered random sampling for the statistical sample. Social Anxiety Scale (CAS) (LaGreca, 1998), Perfectionism Scale (PS) (Najjarian, Attari, Zargar, 1999), Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CDQ) (Hamamci, Büyüköztürk, 2004), and social Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) (Gaudiano, Herbert, 2003) were the questionnaires utilized. Path analysis was used to conduct the data analysis. Perfectionism, social self-efficacy, and cognitive distortions were found to have a significant relationship with social anxiety (p0.01). In addition, perfectionism and social self-efficacy have a direct significant impact on cognitive distortions associated with social anxiety (p<0.01). In addition, the results of the Bootstrap and Sobel tests indicated that cognitive distortions play an important mediating role in the relationship between perfectionism and social self-efficacy and social anxiety in male and female adolescents (p<0.01). Ultimately, the model's goodness of fit was satisfactory. Considering the significant mediating role of cognitive distortions, it is necessary for clinical clinicians to use cognitive techniques to reduce adolescents’ cognitive distortions.

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by features such as identity diffusion, primitive defense mechanisms, fear of intimacy, and reality-testing deficiencies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of components of interpersonal cognitive distortions, differentiation of self and interpersonal problems in predicting of borderline personality. For data analysis, stepwise multiple regression analysis was used. 318 undergraduate students were selected by random cluster sampling and filled the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions (Hamamci & Büyüköztürk, 2004), Differentiation of Self (Skowron & Friedlander, 1998), Interpersonal Problems (Barkham, Hardy & Startup, 1994), and Borderline Personality Scale (Leichsenring, 1999). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that among the components of cognitive distortions, the expectation of rejection (R2= 0.20), among the components of differentiation, emotional cutoff (R2=0.34), and among The components of interpersonal problems, aggression (R2=0/15), had the most role in explaining the borderline personality (p< 0/01), which in this study were presented as " triad spacing mechanism " in the borderline personality. Also in borderline personality organization in the component of identity diffusion, cut-off (R2=0/21) in defense mechanisms, reactivity (R2=0/22), in fear of intimacy, cut-off (R2=0/34) and in reality testing, misperception (R2=0/23), had a greater role in explanation (p< 0/01). Considering these dimensions can be useful in redefining borderline personality disorder as a distance personality in preventing and intervening in treatment.

Nursing is one of the professions that is always faced with numerous and stressful factors in the work environment. The nature of this job is such that it involves a combination of roles through technical activities, professional skills, human relations and empathy. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive distortions and causal attributions in nursing and midwifery students with health anxiety.

It is a semi-experimental research design with a pre-test-post-test design and a three-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all nursing and midwifery students suffering from health anxiety in the free universities of Gilan branch in 2021. Among these, 45 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly replaced in experimental groups (schema therapy based on mentality and therapy based on acceptance and commitment) and control (15 people in each group). Mindfulness based schema therapy was performed in 10 90-minute sessions based on Yaung et al.'s (2003) educational package in the experimental group. Data were collected using Ellis' (2000) Cognitive Distortion Questionnaire, Peterson et al.'s (1982) documentary style, and Salkovskis' (2002) health anxiety. The data was analyzed using SPSS-22 software and through the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements.

The results showed that mindfulness-based schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy are effective on cognitive distortions (P<0.001) and causal documents (P<0.001) of nursing and midwifery students suffering from health anxiety. Also, the results of the follow-up test showed that mindfulness-based schema therapy on acceptance and commitment therapy has a greater effect on cognitive distortions and causal attributions than mindfulness-based schema therapy.

Considering the role of beliefs and thoughts in cognitive distortions, it is suggested that therapists consider these interventions in reducing the symptoms of worry and disease perception.

The aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factor structure of the "How I Think" questionnaire to assess cognitive distortions in Iranian students. The present research design is descriptive and psychometric studies. The statistical population of this study included all male high school students in city Dezful in the academic year 1399-1400, from which 316 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling and completed the How I think and Bass and Perry Aggression Questionnaires (for Convergent validity). Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data using SPSS and AMOS 20 software. The results of factor analysis showed that the questionnaire consists of six factors and has good fit indices. The convergent validity of this questionnaire indicated a satisfactory correlation between the dimensions of the scale "How I think" with the Aggression Questionnaire (p <0.01). Cronbach's alpha and Split- half coefficients for the whole scale and its dimensions ranged from 0.66 to 0.92.The conclusion is that the Persian version of the "How do I think" questionnaire for measuring cognitive distortions in Iranian students has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool in research, educational and clinical situations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of trauma-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on suicidal thoughts and cognitive distortions of youth with a history of suicide. In terms of purpose, the current research was of applied type and the method of conducting it was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental group and a control group and a three-month follow-up period. Therefore, the statistical population of the research included 18-25-year-old people with a history of suicide who had referred to a private counseling and psychotherapy center in Tehran's 10th district in 1401. 30 people were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to an experimental group (15 people) and a control group (15 people). Then, Mannarino et al.'s (2014) trauma-based cognitive-behavioral therapy package was implemented on the test group. In order to collect data, the research tools included the Ellis Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (2000) and the Beck Suicidal Thoughts Scale (BSSI). For data analysis, mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test and SPSS software version 26 were used. F value and significance level were calculated in the analysis of variance with repeated measurement in the variable of cognitive distortions (F = 7.15 and P = 0.001) and suicidal thoughts (F = 7.40 and P = 0.001). It can be concluded that the intervention used in this study, namely trauma-based cognitive behavioral therapy as an independent variable, has significantly caused changes in the dependent variables (cognitive distortions and suicidal thoughts). Based on the available findings, it can be concluded that trauma-based cognitive-behavioral therapy can be useful for the treatment of young people with a history of suicide..

The purpose of this study was the determination of the effectiveness of self-healing approach on cognitive distortions and interpersonal forgiveness of women with psychological distress.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with two groups (experimental group and control group) in two stages (pre-test and post-test) and it was performed on the women of the Counseling Center of Isfahan Second District in the second half of 1399 (solar year). 60 individuals were diagnosed with the psychological distress and for this purpose, 40 individuals who were eligible to participate in the study, were selected by using random sampling and randomly they were assigned to the experimental and control groups. Research instruments included the questionnaires of the psychological distress (Kessler, 2002), cognitive distortions (Hamam Chi and Boyuk, 2004) and interpersonal forgiveness (Ehtesham Zadeh, 2010). The experimental group received fourteen sessions of 90 minutes of self-healing training and the control group did not receive any training. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used in order to analyze the data.

The results of the present study demonstrated that the self-healing approach had a significant effect on the cognitive distortions and forgiveness of women with psychological distress (p<0.001).

It is recommended to pay more attention to education in families due to its effectiveness in improving the psychological health of women with psychological distress, as well as increasing the forgiveness and reducing the cognitive distortions.

Emotional divorce is the most important stage in the divorce process and indicates a declining marital relationship, which has increased in recent years. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between lovemaking styles and cognitive distortions with emotional divorce in women. The research design was descriptive, of correlational type. The statistical population of the present study was all married women in District 2 of Tehran in 2019. To conduct this study, 150 people were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and asked to complete the Emotional Divorce Scale (EDS), Sternberg Love Scale (SLS), and the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale (ICDS). The results of the study showed that emotional divorce has a significant negative relationship with each of the dimensions of lovemaking styles, i.e. sincere love, passionate love and committed love and have a significant positive relationship with each of the dimensions of cognitive distortions, i.e. rejection in interpersonal relationships, unrealistic expectations in relationships and misunderstanding in interpersonal relationships. In addition, according to other results of the study, among the styles of lovemaking, "committed style" and among the cognitive distortions, "misunderstanding in interpersonal relationships" were significant predictors of emotional divorce in women. Therefore, counselors and therapists can reduce the likelihood of emotional divorce in women by providing timely and appropriate interventions and training in the field of lovemaking styles and cognitive distortions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive distortions, psychological well-being and marital disturbance with mental health among couples applying for divorce in Rasht city. The research method is correlation. The statistical population of all women suffering from divorce referring to divorce reduction center in Rasht was selected by random sampling. 150 subjects were selected for this study. The data gathering tool was the Cognitive Distortion Questionnaire (2008), Psychological well-being (1993), and marital distress (1996) and mental health. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between cognitive distortions, psychological well-being and marital disturbance with mental health among couples applying for divorce. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between cognitive distortions, psychological well-being and marital disturbance with mental health among couples applying for divorce. The results of this research can be used in premarital counseling and solving marital conflicts.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of coping strategies, cognitive distortions and personality disorders in predicting violence among women convicted of assault.

This is an applied research and the research method is descriptive cross-sectional correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of women prisoners convicted of assault in prisons in Mazandaran province in 2020 and 77 of them were interviewed according to Morgan table by available sampling method. To collect data from the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortion Scale, ,, Coping Strategies Questionnaire for problem-oriented strategy was used for emotion-oriented strategy, Spielberger's state-trait anger questionnaire and Milon clinical questionnaire . Were analyzed step by step in SPSS software.

Summarize the findings and results. Anger is negatively related to coping strategies (problem-oriented) (r = -0.351; P <0.06). 0.351% of the total variance of aggressive behaviors is explained by problem-oriented coping strategies. Anger is positively related to cognitive distortions (r = 0.334; P <0.011). 0.334% of the total variance of aggressive behaviors is explained by cognitive distortions. Anger is positively associated with antisocial personality disorder (r = 0.507; P <0.018). 0.507% of the total variance of aggressive behaviors is explained by antisocial personality. Anger is negatively related to compulsive personality disorder (r = -0.420; P <0.03). 3.087 percent of the total variance of aggressive behaviors is explained by forced personality. Coping strategies, cognitive distortions, and personality disorders can predict anger.

Tendency toward using  drugs is defined as a kind of desire and dependency to use narcotics as the result of which the individual surrenders himself to that  desire leading him to certain  physical and psychological consequences.  The purpose of this study is to present a structural model of drug addiction based on cognitive distortion, personality traits and academic exhaustion of the  students of Kermanshah Azad University. As far as the structural models and implementation methods are concerned, the research methodology is defined as a descriptive one based on the correlation of the equations. The statistical population of this research includes the total number of the students of Azad University of Kermanshal branch in the academic year of 1399 – 1400 (2020 -2021), 235  of whom were selected as the sample group based on Cochran’s formula. The sampling method was available. To collect research data, both library and field study methods were used. In the section of the field study for data gathering questionaries on the tendency to use addictive substances of Adram and Nikmanessh (2021), five personality factors (NEO-FFI) and the Cognitive distortion scale were used. SPSS software was used to analyze research data. The results showed that there is a relationship between cognitive distortion and the tendency toward drug addiction. The results also demonstrate that there exists a relationship between personality traits and addiction tendency. Other results also showed that there is a significant relationship between academic burnout and tendency toward drug addiction.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of treatment-based summoning of thoughts and assumptions on reducing the cognitive distortions of female students.

The research method is semi-experimental with pretest and post-test design with unequal control group, The statistical population of the study included all female students in all levels of Islamic Azad University of Hamedan, who in the academic year 94-93, 1636 people. Non-random sampling method was used for voluntary selection. In this way, among those who duly filled out the questionnaire, The 30 subjects who showed the highest score in cognitive distortion were selected and then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Cognitive therapy based on the call of thoughts and assumptions was grouped in 9 sessions and each session was given for 1 hour and a half for the experimental group and the control group did not receive any treatment. The instrument for measuring data was the Cognitive Distortion Questionnaire (Albert Ellis).

The results of covariance analysis indicated that the intervention was effective and resulted in improved Cognitive distortion in the experimental group (p <0.05). Considering the effectiveness of cognitive therapy by relying on the call of thoughts and assumptions in reducing the Cognitive distortion of female students in the experimental group compared with the control group, the use of this method is recommended for the improvement of Cognitive distortion.

The results of this study showed that cognitive therapy is based on the training of recall of thoughts and assumptions by reducing cognitive distortions of students.

The aim of this study then was to investigate the effectiveness of modular cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety sensitivity and cognitive distortions in girls with social anxiety. A semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group was applied. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female students with social anxiety in Mashhad. The statistical sample consisted of 24 students with social anxiety, who were selected by available sampling method and assigned to the experimental and control groups. The revised Cox and Taylor anxiety sensitivity questionnaire, Beck and Weisman cognitive distortions were used for data collection. After performing the pre-test, the experimental group underwent intervention for 10 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group was placed on the waiting list. The results of analysis of covariance showed that by controlling the effect of pre-test in the post-test stage, there is a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in the variables of anxiety sensitivity and cognitive distortions. So that the experimental group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Also, the results of the study showed a decrease in the subscales of fear of anxiety reactions, fear of cardiovascular and respiratory symptoms and lack of cognitive control of his anxiety sensitivity subscale. According to the research findings, since patients with social anxiety have symptoms of anxiety sensitivity and cognitive distortions, the use of modular cognitive-behavioral intervention as an effective treatment in patients with social anxiety is recommended.

Marital Burnout is one of the effective factors in divorce.Since divorce can have negative effects on family members and society as a whole, this study investigated the relationship between marital Burnout based on cognitive distortions andcommunication patterns.

Research method wasdescriptive and from correlation type. The statistical populationwere all married women teachers of elementary school in Isfahan in 2017 that by using random cluster sampling 335 person were selected. To collect information was used fromCouple Burnout Scale (CBS), Cognitive Distortions and Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ). The data analyzed through Pearson correlation, stepwise multipleregression and SPSS-22 software.

The correlationresults showed there were a significant negative correlationbetween marital burnout with communication pattern of mutualconstructive and there were a significant positive correlationbetween marital burnout with cognitive distortions andcommunication pattern of demand / withdrawn (P< 0. 01), butthere wasnot significant negative correlation between maritalburnout with communication pattern of mutual avoidance (p> 0.05). Also regression results showed that (apart fromcommunication pattern of mutual avoidance) communicationpatterns of mutual constructive and demand-withdrawn and also cognitive distortions explain together % 33/1 of variance maritalburnout.

According to the findings of this study, itcan be concluded that cognitive distortions and communicationpatterns can predict marital disturbance and can be used toeducate and intervene in improving cognitive distortions andcommunication patterns as an effective way to reduce maritalmaladjustment to counselors and counselors in related affairs.Suggested to family.

The training of compassionate mind was designed corresponding to the structure of cognitive behavioral therapy and historical trend of this therapeutic model roots in lack of improvement of negative affection in cognitive behavioral therapy. Therefore the current study was administered aimed to intervention in cognitive distortion and self-critical of unmarried girls: effectiveness and efficiency of the training of compassionate mind skills. In this study the semi-experimental method was used. The design of semi-experimental of current research was pretest-posttest test with a control group. The statistical population of this study was all unmarried girls in Khorramabad city that after 35 years old have not married for their own reasons. The study sample consisted of 30 persons with 35 years old girls of Khorramabad city who were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned randomly to two groups of compassionate mind training (15 subjects) and control group (15 subjects). Both groups completed the Hamamchi et al. (2000) questionnaire of interpersonal cognitive distortion and the Thompson and Zorof (2004) scale for self-critical levels. The experimental group received the 10 sessions of compassionate mind skills once a week and 1.5 hours each session. The results of the multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) indicated that the training of compassionate mind skills is effective in reducing the interpersonal cognitive distortion and self-critical of unmarried girls (p≤0/001). Based on the findings, the group training focused on compassionate mind can be applied as a modern intervention method in reducing of emotional problem of unmarried