جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تصمیم گیری عقلایی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Aim and Increasing environmental uncertainty has brought increasing challenges to various organizations. Today, environmental uncertainty has spread in the business environment; the advent of globalization, highly destructive business models, and rapid technological change have increased the instability and complexity of the competitive landscape. The growing entanglement of organizations with their environment often results in emerging and unpredictable behaviors. It is very unlikely that unforeseen events, with significant consequences, will only affect one company individually and not affect the entire industry. The growing uncertainty of today's environment has faced significant challenges for organizations, and all companies, depending on the type of environment in which they operate, more or less deal with it. One of the most effective ways that organizations can cope with these changing conditions is to develop dynamic capabilities. One of the most important areas for the development of dynamic capabilities, which is also mentioned in the strategic management literature, is strategic foresight. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of strategic foresight in creating dynamic capabilities of strategic flexibility and rational decision making with the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty. Given that the main purpose of this study is to determine the role of strategic foresight in creating strategic flexibility and rational decision making with the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty. This research is a descriptive-survey research in terms of the purpose of an applied research and in terms of the nature or method of data collection and is correlational in terms of the relationships between research variables. The data of this research were collected using a simple random sampling method and a researcher-made questionnaire using the indicators and research questions of Herhaus and Lining (2020). The opinions of professors and experts were used to validate this questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability which was set to 0.943. SPSS and smart pls software have been used to test the hypotheses of this research. The research data were collected from 156 knowledge-based companies in the field of electricity, electronics, photonics, telecommunications and automated systems in Tehran that is according to the limited statistical population and based on the Cochrane Limited Society formula. The results show that strategic foresight is effective in creating dynamic capabilities of strategic flexibility and rational decision-making, as well as environmental uncertainty that moderates the relationship between strategic foresight and rational decision-making. Therefore, from the research hypotheses, the first, second and third hypotheses were confirmed and the fourth hypothesis was not confirmed.Hypothesis 1: Strategic foresight is effective in creating strategic flexibility.Hypothesis 2: Strategic foresight is effective in creating rational decision making.Hypothesis 3: Environmental uncertainty modulates the relationship between strategic foresight and strategic flexibility.    Hypothesis 4: Environmental uncertainty does not moderate the relationship between strategic foresight and rational decision making.Discussion and The first, second and third hypotheses of this study were confirmed by path coefficients and appropriate statistics. The fourth hypothesis of this research was rejected from 1.96 due to its lower statistical value. According to statistical tests, the highest correlation is between strategic foresight and strategic flexibility. In order to improve dynamic capabilities, it is better to focus more on creating strategic flexibility. Increasing environmental uncertainty is an undeniable part of today's business environment, and all companies, depending on the type of environment in which they operate, more or less deal with it. To overcome these environmental unrests and tensions, every company has to take steps to survive otherwise, like hundreds of prominent companies, after something unexpected happens in their environment. , Unable to survive, will be excluded from the competition. One of the most important and efficient ways to deal with this environmental uncertainty is to create and strengthen dynamic capabilities. These dynamic capabilities play a very important role in creating competitive advantage. One of the important measures that can bring dynamic capabilities and is one of the results of this research is strategic foresight activities. The first component of strategic foresight activities is environmental studies. Companies should do their best to identify, review and evaluate changes and environmental trends so as not to be taken by surprise. Nokia is the best example of this. The company was once the leader in the production of mobile phones, but due to lack of proper environmental research and failure to discover the growing trends of customers to smart phones, the market leadership was handed over to Apple and Samsung. The second part of strategic forward-looking activities is scenario planning. Companies need to plan ahead for all the different situations and events so that they can respond quickly and accurately if needed. Companies cannot withstand environmental change if they have only one specific plan and strategy, such as stores that only serve their customers in person, with many problems after the outbreak of the Corona virus. They met and their sales fell sharply, but in the face of stores that provided online sales in addition to face-to-face sales, they were able to continue to make money and profitability. The next part is the creation of knowledge. To implement any proper strategy, knowledge related to it is needed. If companies want to adopt appropriate strategies with turbulent environmental conditions, they have to create knowledge in this area. Organizational structure and culture are the last components of strategic foresight. If the organizational structure and culture is in conflict with a particular goal, no matter how hard one tries to achieve that goal, nothing special will happen in the end, so if companies want dynamic capabilities, they need to create a structure and culture. Proper organization and support of strategic forward-looking activities provide a good basis for achieving dynamic capabilities.

Individual emotions always play a significant role in the decision making process of individuals, In the same way that it can make an irrational decision; In some cases, these irrational decisions are very damaging and dangerous, Especially if these decisions are not specific to the individual and taken at the national and macro level of a country and in line with the general public policy; Therefore, in this research, by reviewing the scientific literature with the aim of identifying practical solutions to reduce the effect of emotions on the decision making process of national Policymakers with 27 parliamentarians selected by snowball sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted in a phenomenological way (theme analysis); From the analysis of the content of the interviews, two categories of themes were found interpersonal and Intrapersonal, The intrapersonal theme included two strategies to minimize emotional response and to dismiss a decision that was taken in emotional conditions. And consequently was identified 8 practical approach. And for the interpersonal theme, three rational strategies in decision making, decision-making in the form of council and rule in decision making, and so on, 10 strategies to reduce the effects of emotions in decision making which could be a practical framework for policy makers to reduce the impact of Disruptive and destructive emotions in the policy process.

The increased competition in markets, make manufacturers find a better way to attract customers. It is critical to make customers sure about the quality and reliability of products. One way to ensure customers is providing warranty policies to reduce not only the risk of production failures, but also to understand customers’ wants and requirements. This research seeks to recognize the effects of decision making of customers on short-term and long-term results of warranty providers with agent based modeling. Cusomers of this market have different risk prefrences and make decision in two ways: logically and socially. The reults confirm that the type of customers and their decisions influence the number of customers who will to extend their contract and the profitability of warranty providers. Concering to all states, the fisrt warranty provider in short term and the second warranty provider in long term are more capable of keeping customers and make profit.

In today’s competitive world, innovation is necessary not only for development of organizations but also for their survival. Today’s organizations need rapid and ongoing innovations of their products, services, technologies, and processes, and organizations which cannot supply innovative products and services continuously will be doomed to failure. Universities as one of the most basic social institutions are no exception and innovative behavior of organizations’ managers and staff has a crucial effect in their success. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on innovative behavior of managers, considering the mediating role of rational and intuitive decision-making styles. To achieve this goal, a sample of managers of one of the country’s universities was selected and surveyed. Population of the study consists of 107 staff managers of faculties and institutions of this university. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach. The results show that emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on managers’ innovative behaviors and also has an effect on their intuitive decision-making style, but it does not effect on their innovative behaviors through rational and intuitive decision-making styles.

In this study, manager’s decision-making pattern and its internal parameter effects in industrial departments with respect to behavioral and rational perspective were investigated. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed, and mention the 50 number of managers of manufacturing industries were interviewed and data were collected with respect to the inter organization factors affecting decision making process, including identifying behavioral errors and general information related to the managers. Then, based on the logistic regression, the pattern of the model decision-making the managers were designed. Results showed that more than 68 percent of the managers surveyed decided based on the behavioral patterns. Also, variables such as gender, education-level, experience and manager’s ownership affected the choice of their decisions making pattern. In addition, the behavioral errors lead them to behavioral decision making. Given than the behavioral errors in the organizations usually leads to a lack of optimal decision making by managers, the necessary strategies are provided to reduce errors and to obtain the optimal decision making pattern by the managers.

Sustainable agriculture can be more objective than fit into the conceptual framework and it is closely associated with rational behavior. The result of such perspective is that sustainable agriculture is an activity based on rationality. The beginning of the formation of stable rationality requires training to create intellectual flexibility for the farmers in order to acquire knowledge and understanding of these issues. In the meantime, partnership is an approach that has an important role in solving this problem and has the ability to create the space for learning to understand the concepts of sustainable agriculture and rational behavior of operators. In fact, participation is a process with mental flexibility and mobility of thought in its heart and by creating a space for dialogue between farmers, agricultural promoters and service organizations, it provides the ground for training and information exchange and it is effective in achieving the objectives and principles of sustainable agriculture.

Generally, the method of this study is such that sustainable agriculture is considered as a knowledge system of operation and partnership approach as a tool for generating knowledge and providing a context for learning and training in agricultural activities. The process has been developed in order to investigate knowledge, commitment, responsibility, and rational decision-making as components of sustainability and to illustrate the connection between sustainability and public participation as a factor, based on a conceptual model of the research. Then the partnership of the components with the component of stability was analyzed and the results were discussed. Eventually, the principles of sustainable agriculture were achieved in the operation and partnership patterns can be effective in various formations of mechanization, agricultural implementations and services, machinery maintenance, marketing and supply markets, conversion industries, packaging industries, construction of warehouses storing agricultural products, production in controlled areas, analytical performance, education or training in the farmework and participation in the operation of water and soil conservation.

The findings suggest that sustainable thinking has not yet been formed among farmers and the context that needs understanding the principles has not been provided in the region. The average level of participation in settlements is with 2.27 lower than the theoretical median. While the average indicators of participation in the process of thinking were not in a good situation and in all cases they were lower than the expected theoretical median, the results of the Spearman correlation test show that there is a direct correlation between participation and sustainable agriculture with the correlation coefficient of 0.557 and significant coefficient level of 0.038. As a result of this relationship, the mechanism shaped in the process of thinking raises from participation. The components of the mechanism are knowledge, commitment, responsibility, and rational decision-making and sustainable farming systems make a connection between them in the production process. Spearman test results indicate that between the elements there is a direct relationship (commitment and responsibility with rational decision making, commitment and responsibility with knowledge) with the correlation coefficients of 0.378 and 0.448. The correlation between rational decision-making and sustainable agriculture is the correlation coefficient of 0.558. Finally, considering the low level of participation in rural areas, the status of agriculture is not good with an average of 1.93.

Today, considering the performance of the partnership approach among extension approaches, paying attention to it is required in order to improve sustainable agriculture in the region. Therefore, changing the attitudes of farmers is the policy to create sustainable thinking in farmers with the help of the authorities in terms of participatory institutions and NGOs to promote the knowledge of farmers. Otherwise, any movement in this field will be associated with high costs and also the result would not be satisfying.oday, considering the performance of the partnership approach among extension approaches, paying attention to it is required in order to improve sustainable agriculture in the region. Therefore, changing the attitudes of farmers is the policy to create sustainable thinking in farmers with the help of the authorities in terms of participatory institutions and NGOs to promote the knowledge of farmers. Otherwise, any movement in this field will be associated with high costs and also the result would not be satisfying.oday, considering the performance of the partnership approach among extension approaches, paying attention to it is required in order to improve sustainable agriculture in the region. Therefore, changing the attitudes of farmers is the policy to create sustainable thinking in farmers with the help of the authorities in terms of participatory institutions and NGOs to promote the knowledge of farmers. Otherwise, any movement in this field will be associated with high costs and also the result would not be satisfying.