جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "رسانه اجتماعی" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

The purpose of this research is to investigate the communication model of customer participation and competitive business with social media based on brand in manufacturing and trading companies of Ahvaz city. In terms of purpose, the current research is applicable, and of the survey research type. The statistical population of the research includes the customers of the food manufacturing and trading companies in the industrial towns of Ahvaz city. Due to the unlimited population, the statistical sample was considered to be 384 people using Cochran's formula, and finally 312 questionnaires were analyzed. Sampling in this research is available randomly. The collection tool in this research is a questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS and PLS software. The findings showed that the identified factors had a significant effect, and the overall index of fit (GOF) was obtained as 0.661, which is a strong index and shows the overall high quality of the model.

Digital diplomacy has become a crucial instrument for advancing a nation's foreign policy, offering direct interaction and cooperation with foreign entities. Social media plays a pivotal role in achieving these objectives, facilitating rapid decision-making and action. This diplomacy transcends traditional boundaries, involving not only officials and diplomats but also individuals and groups worldwide. A primary advantage of digital diplomacy is its ability to strengthen and facilitate bilateral communication, fostering connections between nations and societies. In contrast to classical diplomacy, which was limited to official interactions, social media empowers diplomats and heads of state to expand their diplomatic reach and engage with a broader audience. This has elevated the status of non-state actors in the diplomatic arena and enabled global discussions on various issues. The proliferation of digital communication has significantly impacted the formation of international law norms, necessitating a revised approach to international law sources, particularly customary rules. In the contemporary international law system, public statements made by government officials on social media can be considered as government practice (material element of custom) or evidence of legal belief (spiritual element of custom), provided certain conditions are met. The digital realm has presented unique opportunities to re-examine the classical approach to compiling and developing sources of international law, especially regarding the proof of international customary rules. With respect to the material element of custom, the focus has shifted from solely physical actions to include any official government action, encompassing heads of state, government heads, foreign ministers, and other government officials. The spiritual element, belief in enforceability, can be verified through various government actions, such as statements, treaty accessions, multilateral conference statements, diplomatic statements, and international correspondence, all of which align with digital diplomacy. While there is no definitive framework for what constitutes government practice or evidence of legal opinion, the International Law Commission's report offers a broad range of possibilities, including official statements and public statements made by governments. However, not all statements can be considered as government practice or endorsements. Such statements must be public, consistent, general, continuous, and clear to be recognized as government practice or evidence of legal belief. Therefore, social media statements can potentially be considered as both government practice and legal opinion. The evidence base for customary international law is extensive and adaptable to government activity on social media. Statements made by heads of state in public speeches can serve as examples of government practice or evidence of legal opinion. Similarly, social media statements, if public, can be considered as potential elements in the formation of customary international law. The recognition of social media as a new form of communication and its role in public diplomacy and digital diplomacy necessitate a flexible approach to international law, which should not be indifferent to government communication through these channels. The customary law system must embrace government actions in the virtual space to formulate and develop laws, improve relations, and promote sustainable peace and security. One of the most significant challenges is the failure of government officials to adopt a transparent and interactive approach to using digital tools. Governments often underutilize the full potential of digital platforms, limiting their use to specific aspects or fields.

Recently, professional and fashion styles of clothing have become prevalent among religious and veiled women. Alongside their concern for modest dressing, religious women in society are also coordinating their headscarves, sleeves, handbags, and shoes. Sometimes, this phenomenon takes on an extremist form. Its roots can be traced back to trends in hijab styles and hijab bloggers, leading some religious groups to distance themselves from the philosophy of hijab. Additionally, hijab styles and bloggers pursue political goals. Based on this, the aim of this study is to explore the actions and challenges of hijab styles on the social media platform Instagram.

This study adopts an interpretive approach and utilizes netnography to investigate the actions and challenges of hijab styles on Instagram. Comments and posts from the last 6 months by 5 Instagram hijab style influencers were collected and analyzed through purposive judgmental sampling. Additionally, unstructured interviews were conducted with 6 activists in the field of hijab and modesty.  

Themes identified for the damage of hijab styles on Instagram included changes in the concept of hijab, instrumental use of hijab, incitement to irrational consumption, inappropriate standardization, and the formation of confrontation and division. Additionally, topics identified for solutions to effectively address hijab styles on Instagram included presenting a suitable pattern of hijab in accordance with Islamic values, developing social and cultural infrastructure, and implementing appropriate legislation for the virtual space.

Initially, hijab bloggers aimed to introduce the social dimension of the hijab. However, this aim was not achieved, and instead, an erroneous promotion of hijab coverage emerged within society. Hijab styles aim to normalize this form of attire by transforming the hijab into a fashion statement and substituting the chador with the abaya. However, the activities of these bloggers have not only positively influenced hijab acceptance but have also negatively altered hijab values

The emergence of the Internet in the modern business environment has become so pervasive that no large or small company can ignore its influence. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the attitude towards social media advertisements on the intention to buy products.

A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. A random sampling method was used to select the sample, and finally 342 questionnaires were collected online. In order to analyze the data and check the hypotheses, SmartPLS software was used.

The results showed that the informativeness of advertisements, social role and image, and creativity in advertisements have a positive and significant effect on the attitude towards social media advertisements. Finally, a positive and significant effect was found between attitude towards social media advertising and purchase intention. Improving the attitude of Instagram users and increasing their trust in the opinions that are raised on Instagram, makes users explain and promote the products and services they have received to their friends.

Originality/Value:

 Due to the advancement of technology and the expansion of virtual space, these advertisements for consumer consumption have increased greatly. that move consumers to purchase, and the role of psychological factors such as trust and recognition in this process. This research can contribute to more optimal formulations for advertising in social media and improve the performance of the sports products market.

Social media and online shopping have become a popular and growing shopping method in recent years. Trust is one of the main factors that increase online shopping. Other components that contribute to the intention to buy online are motivators. Incentives encourage users to buy products online. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of consumer motivations, including reward, social and empowerment, on online purchase intention through trust in apparel and fashion retailers on social media. The research method is survey-analytical and applied. The population of this research is Instagram social network users and people who tend to buy from Instagram social media pages. The sampling plan is non-probability and available sampling method is used. A questionnaire was used to data gathering. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been confirmed using construct validity as well as Cronbach's alpha. The data has been collected using a questionnaire from 384 users of the Instagram social network who have followed clothing and fashion sales pages. Amos and SPSS 18 software were used for data analysis. The results showed that reward, social, and empowerment motives directly affect the online purchase intentions of apparel buyers and also indirectly through trust. Also, trust fully mediates the relationship between empowerment motivation and online purchase intention of users.

This research was conducted to investigate the impact of the characteristics of influential people and their pages on the behavioral intention and purchase intention of followers on the Instagram social network. This research is applied with a survey method. The statistical population of this research is Instagram social network users, 385 of them were randomly selected using Cochran's formula. The data collection tool in this research is a questionnaire. Spearman, Kolmogorov-Smirinov, Bartlett correlation, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling by SPSS and SMART-PLS statistical software were used for data analysis. The findings showed that behavioral intention and extra-social relationships have a positive effect on purchase intention, and homophily attitude has a positive effect on perceived trustworthiness and expertise. Also, physical attractiveness has a positive effect on extrasocial relationships, and social attractiveness has a positive effect on trustworthiness, perceived expertise, and extrasocial relationships. In addition, social interaction positively affects the flow status and information quality satisfaction with the Instagram page, and visual content positively affects the flow status and satisfaction with the Instagram page. The results showed that modeling the characteristics of influential people in social media can play an effective role in the purchase intention of users of these media.

Businesses and companies must establish enduring and advantageous relationships with their customers. Marketers have recently exerted considerable efforts to enhance the customer engagement experience in both the physical and digital realms. Concurrently, the rise of social media has presented an opportune platform for managers to facilitate communication and engage customers through innovative methods such as digital storytelling. Employing digital storytelling as a business strategy and model in branding, advertising, and product marketing results in improved customer retention, loyalty, and engagement. Despite the creative and innovative nature of engagement activities, it is crucial to address the repercussions of customer engagement to gauge the effectiveness of these initiatives in light of the emergence of new technologies. Consequently, this research aims to investigate the implications of digital storytelling-based customer engagement on social media within the tourism sector in Iran. 

The current investigation adopted an interpretive research philosophy, an inductive-quantitative approach, and the grounded theory strategy developed by G. Goldkuhl and Stefan Cronholm. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews. The research community, comprised of experts in tourism and social media marketing in Iran, was sampled using the snowball method, resulting in a sample size of 18 individuals. 

The study's results indicate that customer engagement can lead to either positive or negative outcomes, with each type encompassing four main categories: customer-oriented, subject-oriented, media-oriented, and environment-oriented. Overall, the research findings identify eight main categories, each with multiple subcategories. 

Companies and enterprises should leverage social media platforms to actively engage with their clientele while remaining aware of the repercussions and effects on customers, the media, and the broader environmental context. Business executives can seek guidance in identifying and evaluating the outcomes of both favorable and unfavorable customer interactions. This allows them to ascertain and implement appropriate approaches, methodologies, and tactics for effective customer management. Management personnel can mitigate and eliminate adverse influences by recognizing and addressing the aftermath of negative customer interactions. By making relevant adjustments to strategies and adopting suitable methodologies, they can avoid potential harm and negative impacts on marketing efforts and brand integrity. Such actions may significantly affect customer retention and prevent defection, prompting managers to consider the implications of positive customer interactions in enhancing the adoption of effective engagement techniques. Additionally, this approach can help acquire and retain new clientele, ultimately fostering increased economic value and profitability for the enterprise.

Starting October 2018, Twitter removed thousands of users attributed to Iran, Russia, China, Venezuela, Bangladesh, Catalonia, Saudi Arabia, Ecuador, United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Spain. In its last effort, on February 2021 Twitter released data from 238 deleted users attributed to Iran, while the data was collected on December 2020. The reason behind this deletion was claimed as Iran's attempts at affecting the 2020 US Presidential Elections.This article will review the mechanical and human methods used for creation and distribution of fake news and also the mechanical methods for recognizing such content. Then the data from 238 removed users attributed to Iran up to December 2020 was first processed using scripts written with Python and finally analyzed for Social Network Analysis using the Kumu visualization tool. Nodes and edges show that there is in fact strong relations within removed users. Analysis of user langauges and profile bios showed that kost of the removed users claimed to not be from Iran and some had political tweets regarding the US Presidential Elections.

Social networks based on Web 2 have provided some possibilities for reporters to cover conflicts, regardless of organizational constraints. The main concern of this article is how much the journalists are involved in covering the water conflict in Gheyzaniyeh, and did they use the peace journalism news values for conflict resolution?To answer these questions, we used a mixed-methods of network analysis and thematic analysis. Then, after extracting 51,169 tweets about Gheyzaniyeh in the period of six mounth we identified the users who spread messages. In the other words, we Identified Connectors, mavens, and salesmen.We also specified the three clusters with the highest percentage based on the modularity index. afterward, by the method of thematic analysis and based on the peace journalism model the forms of violence has specified.The results show that journalists are not the main actors in spreading messages within the network, and instead, all main users tweet with unknown accounts.mainstream accounts (like BBC Persian and Manoto TV) have the most reached tweets and the most posts have been tweeted at the time of the conflict (June 1) and they have a reactive-oriented approach, which in practice creates the polarised between the Rouhani government - the Revolutionary Guards and the State - people.Also, a special review of the tweets of journalists who have published tweets during this period, shows that they have a more analytical approach than ordinary users and try to give users more background information about what happened instead of emotional reaction.

this article, was written, with the aim of introducing and identifying the requirements of designing a social network for children based on the wide network of audiences of Nahal TV channel, belongs to Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, to maintain and increase the audience of this TV channel and deepen interaction and diversify communication tools in a competitive and converging media environment And the Harmful cyberspace and social media for children who need more care in this unsafe space.In this article, through discussing and obtaining the opinions of relevant experts and specialists in the form of Delphi method in three rounds, we have presented the requirements for designing a social network for children, which also complements the Nahal TV channel.In the first round of the Delphi method, during interviews with 20 experts, 87 items were obtained for designing the message management system and communication management of the child-specific social networks.These items were organized into three categories, using thematic analysis method a) child protection, b) attractiveness of the network for the child and c) usefulness of the network for the child. Under each approach, 5 steps of message management included Message design, Message generation, Message distribution, Message consumption and Message feedback were categorized. Each of these sections was defined separately and in detail for the user and the network structure.In this way, based on the results obtained, at the end of the article, suggestions for the establishment of a child-specific social networks for the audience of Nahal TV channel have been presented.

Today , with the advent of the digital age, new management approaches and methods are needed. One of the new communication methods to communicate in today's world is social media. Basically, marketing through social media has an impact on business growth. In fact, such media are a tool for market research and enable companies to select their desired customers through their users, according to the request for new products through the statistics system that has been proven in the world's economic forums. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to identify the effective factors on social media marketing in the sustainable development of tourism businesses (case of study: travel and tourism service companies in Tehran) using the fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. Descriptive research is a survey. 43 employees of travel and tourism service agencies in Tehran were randomly selected and interviewed. Data and scenarios were analyzed using fuzzy cognitive mapping technique and the research model was designed using social network analysis. In this regard, several factors are involved, among which the factors of using knowledge and specialized force, long-term relationship with tourists, and social media targeting were the most important; Because they were more central. Finally, some suggestions were made based on the obtained results.

The present study aimed to design a model of social media environment antecedents with a socio-media trust approach to social security. This study is an applied goal in terms of implementation method in the form of a descriptive-survey research with a cross-sectional approach. The statistical population includes all citizens in Tehran, from which a sample of 200 people has been selected. In this study, a questionnaire including 6 dimensions and 26 questions was used to collect information to test the hypotheses. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using content validity method and convergent validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability. To test the hypotheses, the partial least squares technique and Smart PLS software were used. The results of testing research hypotheses showed that information quality has a positive and significant effect on social trust; Information credibility has a positive and significant effect on social trust; Perceived honesty has a positive and significant effect on social trust; Social trust has a positive and significant effect on social capital; Social trust has a positive and significant effect on social security; Social capital has a positive and significant effect on social security. Overall, the findings of this study show that the antecedents of the social media environment can play a positive role in shaping social security by influencing trust and social capital.

In today's digital age, social media has become a prominent medium for communication and exerting influence on its users. Influencers within these media, thanks to the compelling content they create, not only gain widespread recognition but also manage to amass a considerable following. This significant number of followers grants them a stronger position to shape the opinions and decisions of their audience. With the growing number of users on social media platforms, companies and marketers have been increasingly focusing on attracting customers from these mediums. The undeniable impact held by influencers is well recognized by marketers, leading many to rely on social media influencers to promote their products. On the other hand, possessing a thorough understanding of the types of characteristics of influencers and their effect on users, as well as having correct knowledge of how to effectively manage social media influencer marketing, can greatly enhance the effectiveness of product promotion and prevent wastage of time and resources. Today, given the increasing preference of individuals, particularly young people, for social media platforms like Instagram, the significance of conducting comprehensive research that encompasses all aspects of influencers, particularly in terms of their influence on user purchasing intent, becomes crucial. If the existing gap in research is not addressed, valuable marketing opportunities within these media will be squandered.  By bridging the research gap and effectively utilizing influencer marketing, companies can optimally allocate their marketing budget to reach Iranian users on platforms like Instagram. This can be achieved by understanding influencer characteristics, including attitude homophily, physical attractiveness, social attractiveness, influencer credibility, familiarity, compatibility, trustworthiness, perceived expertise, parasocial relationships, brand attitude, advertising attitude, and hedonistic attitude. Iranian users have wholeheartedly embraced Instagram, one of the most popular social media platforms, for its free photo and video sharing feature. Iranian influencers have effectively utilized Instagram to advertise and shape the purchasing decisions of their followers, with many even becoming influencers themselves. On the other hand, many users may not be fully aware of the various aspects of personality traits that directly impact behavioral intentions, thereby hindering their ability to make informed decisions for their business ventures. By gaining a deeper understanding of the desired characteristics and their influence on behavior, individuals can make more informed decisions in areas such as advertising and product sales, ultimately improving their business outcomes. The application of influencer marketing strategy within platforms such as Instagram has witnessed growth due to several reasons, including the capability for two-way interaction, access to consumer needs, and gathering feedback. Additionally, influencer marketing can help businesses to expand their following base, cultivate loyal customers, and ultimately boost sales, potentially converting occasional customers into regular patrons. On the other hand, it is crucial to consider that users often follow their favorite influencers on social media platforms based on the influencers' personality characteristics and the diverse areas in which they create content. In order to effectively implement an influencer marketing strategy in social media, it is essential to identify which characteristics of influencers have a significant impact on users' purchasing intentions. In this study, we have identified a set of characteristics of influencers as a preliminary factor that influences purchasing intentions among the audience – namely attitude homophily, physical attractiveness, social attractiveness, influencer credibility, familiarity, compatibility, trustworthiness, perceived expertise, parasocial relationships, brand attitude, advertising attitude, and hedonistic attitude. By taking these characteristics into account, businesses can strategically select influencers who resonate with their target audience and effectively boost purchase intentions through their marketing efforts. The primary objective of this research is to explore the factors influencing the purchase intent of users within the context of social media influencer marketing, focusing specifically on personality characteristics within the Iranian context. The research employs an applied approach and adopts a descriptive-analytical perspective, utilizing a survey research method to gather data and a causal approach to analyze the findings. The statistical population for this research comprises Instagram social media users in Iran in the year of 1401 (2022), whose exact number is uncountable. The research methodology utilized a combination of standard questionnaires and valid scientific articles as data collection tools. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed among the available Instagram users. The hypotheses of the current research were tested using the structural equation modeling method based on the partial least squares approach (SEM-PLS). Two software programs were employed in data analysis: SPSS and SmartPLS3. The results of the study revealed that all the characteristics of influencers exhibited a significant impact on users' purchase intentions, suggesting that social media influencer marketing strategies should be tailored to the characteristics of different types of influencers for optimal effectiveness. Ultimately, this research examines the impact and relationship between the differing personality traits of influencers and the types of influencers in social media influencer marketing, which subsequently affects users' purchasing intentions. The study culminates by offering practical recommendations for maximizing the effectiveness of influencer marketing strategies in social media platforms.

The ever-increasing expansion of social media by customers and their role in the development of strategic marketing insight has made the use of social media in marketing a priority for investment in the field of digital marketing. Despite the fact that social media marketing should be considered as a long-term marketing strategy, limited research has addressed this category from a strategic perspective; Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the components and indicators of strategic marketing of social media and finally to prioritize the components. The current research is applied mixed method. The research method is the focus group strategy in the qualitative section and structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) in the quantitative section. In the first stage of the research, in order to identify the strategic marketing components of social media, in addition to reviewing the research literature, the focus group method consisting of six experts has been used. In the second step, using the structural-interpretive modeling method, the relationships between the strategic marketing components of social media were analyzed and prioritized. The statistical population of both phases of the research are marketing experts in the field of social media. The research results indicate that the strategic marketing model of social media includes five components including process, platform, territory, governance and strategic alignment. The proposed model has four levels, which is the substrate dimension as the basis of the model and affects all dimensions, and other dimensions form the upper levels of the model.

The main purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the impact of media on strengthening and empowering the attitude of patrons and their desire for services and products from the perspective of consumers. This study is applied in terms of purpose, which was done by descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of the study is made up of the customers of the IR-MCI . 325 people were selected as a statistical sample. Smart PLS8.5 was used to describe the variables using SPSS and to test the hypotheses of the research model from structural equation modeling. The results showed that in traditional media there is a relationship between causal factors and phenomena and between strategies and consequences. Also, for social media between the causal factors and the phenomenon, all relationships except the relationship between the category of role and position of the media were confirmed with the characteristics of the media. The results generally indicate that the consequences of using traditional and social media together are effective on the client's attitude in the desire to visit and use the services of the IR-MCI. The important result in this article emphasizes the greater importance of traditional media compared to modern media, and in this way, it is possible to recommend the managers of the statistical society to promote the position of the media among them at the same time as conducting relationship-oriented interactions with clients in the field of relevant services. Guided the consumer's attitude towards services in tough competitive

In contemporary society, the pervasive integration of information technology into the fabric of human existence has become a focal point for many healthcare service providers. This phenomenon has ignited significant interest and exploration, primarily due to the widespread embrace of innovative service models within the health sector. The advent of information technology has ushered in a transformative era, redefining the landscape of healthcare delivery. Adopting novel service styles has emerged as a cornerstone in enhancing the efficiency, accessibility, and overall quality of healthcare services. Electronic health records, telemedicine, and health monitoring applications are myriad manifestations of this technological revolution. These advancements streamline administrative processes and facilitate seamless communication between healthcare professionals and patients. Moreover, integrating data analytics and artificial intelligence has empowered healthcare providers with valuable insights, enabling personalized and proactive approaches to patient care. As technology advances, the symbiotic relationship between information technology and healthcare is poised to revolutionize the industry, fostering a future where precision medicine, remote patient monitoring, and virtual consultations become integral components of a patient-centric and technologically enriched healthcare ecosystem. This paradigm shift holds the promise of not only improving health outcomes but also democratizing access to quality healthcare services on a global scale. Among the various information technology facilities, social media, particularly social networks, is increasingly utilized by individuals and groups of varying types. Despite crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, service providers have been compelled to offer non-presential services by leveraging information technology platforms.Providing non-presential services, especially in the healthcare sector, plays a crucial role in crises and significantly influences the effectiveness of crisis management. This is evident in how these services efficiently address emerging healthcare needs. Social media, a prominent aspect of information technology, enjoys widespread popularity among individuals from diverse age groups. The extensive reach of social media platforms across various age demographics highlights their pervasive influence and underscores their potential as assertive communication and information dissemination tools during crises. The broad user base of these platforms further enhances their effectiveness in reaching and engaging different segments of the population, thus amplifying their impact on crisis communication and management strategies. The provision of services in a non-presential manner has become increasingly important, particularly in the health and hygiene sector. This is especially true in developing countries with significant disparities in healthcare facilities and uneven access to relevant amenities and professionals. Given the high influence of social media among diverse groups, delivering services through social media platforms has become imperative.In developing nations, social media platforms are often more accessible and user-friendly than other information technology facilities. As a result, these platforms can serve as practical tools for delivering health services. Addressing these countries' requirements and prerequisites for implementing this technology can significantly contribute to successfully establishing Electronic Health 2.0 services. The current study presents a framework for identifying the requirements for delivering health services through social media platforms (Electronic Health 2.0) in developing countries.of thematic analysis involved becoming familiar with the data through extensive readings of the text, identifying noteworthy codes by the researcher, generating preliminary codes, transforming the initial codes into organizing

This study was carried out utilizing a qualitative methodology. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the data at three hierarchical levels: fundamental, organizing, and all-encompassing themes. The process themes, revisiting the codes, and categorizing them into overarching themes. Ultimately, a report presentation was drafted. Moreover, MAXQDA10 software was used for coding to facilitate the data analysis. The research took place over five months (from February 2021 to July 2021) in Iran, a developing country. The necessary data were collected through semi-structured interviews using purposive sampling from a population of IT professionals and researchers in electronic health. This group of experts had criteria such as research experience, academic background (relevant qualifications) , and a work history of over three years in information technology and electronic health. Individuals meeting at least two out of the three criteria were selected from this group. Additionally, the purposive sampling method was employed for the sampling process. Considering theoretical saturation in the twentieth interview and conducting two more interviews to ensure the results, a sample size of 22 participants was deemed sufficient to access the research data effectively.

In the initial phase, 70 fundamental themes were derived from the analysis of interviews. Subsequently, foundational codes were organized into 13 organizing themes and categorized into five overarching themes. The research results indicate that the requirements for providing healthcare services in the realm of social media (Electronic Health 2.0) for developing countries encompass infrastructural necessities (hardware provisioning and development, software provisioning and development, security provisioning, and data features) , organizational aspects (individual-level and managerial-level issues) , environmental considerations (attention to complexities, institutionalization, and development of the information society) , operational factors (provision and development of regulations, research execution,and development) , and communicative elements (development of interaction and participation, and access development).The technical requirements for developing Electronic Health 2.0 services in developing countries encompass infrastructure needs, particularly information technology. This is the basis for delivering services in the Electronic Health 2.0 domain. Addressing and developing various hardware requirements for Electronic Health 2.0 services, such as using local data centers for storage, having backup equipment for potential failures, improving bandwidth through fiber optic network development to enhance internet access, facilitating communication tools like smartphones, and emphasizing the use of information systems among healthcare providers are critical hardware needs for Electronic Health 2.0. Providing various applications for developing Electronic Health 2.0 capabilities, such as intelligent domain software for data analysis and service provision based on user activity history, utilizing local social networks for better management and control, and promoting user engagement in these networks, as well as leveraging the latest software advancements like IPv6 and 4G and 5G networks, will have a significant impact. In pursuing Electronic Health 2.0 services, seamless data and information transfer in all formats is essential. Ensuring accurate and up-to-date data transmission requires meticulous attention. Safeguarding data integrity from unauthorized changes is crucial. Security is a paramount requirement in the development of Electronic Health 2.0. The foundation of social media platforms poses significant risks to security and privacy. Therefore, deploying identity verification systems and data encryption is instrumental in preventing unauthorized access. Educating users about security issues, such as social engineering phenomena and various types of malware, is vital.Environmental requirements for developing Electronic Health 2.0 services in developing countries include community preparedness and strategies for institutionalizing these services. Institutionalization involves fostering trust, diverse media advertising, altering user perceptions, facilitating easy and swift access, delivering services according to user experiences, and creating a positive service experience. These efforts culminate in the institutionalization of Electronic Health 2.0 services. One of the critical requirements in developing Electronic Health 2.0 is establishing an information society. This involves educating various groups, especially healthcare specialists, to share their information on the Electronic Health 2.0 platform. Encouraging collaboration and sharing information to control information asymmetry contributes to developing an information society. The dynamic environment, characterized by constant technological advancements, poses challenges that require adaptive strategies. Aligning with new changes, addressing economic pressures, delivering cost-effective healthcare services, and relying on local health experts to manage political conditions, such as sanctions, can effectively address these complexities.The operational requirements for developing Electronic Health 2.0 in developing countries include preparing the necessary legal infrastructure and conducting feasibility research. As Electronic Health 2.0 moves towards a virtual space, designing long-term and short-term programs, revising or formulating new laws, and communicating changes clearly to users become pivotal. Establishing communication standards and guideline principles is highly significant. Research activities and leveraging successful experiences from leading countries inElectronic Health 2.0 are vital requisites. Conducting research, feasibility studies, and designing a maturity model to identify the current and desired state of Electronic Health 2.0 can effectively guide the development of these services. In conclusion, the multifaceted landscape of Electronic Health 2.0 demands a strategic approach to address data transfer, security, environmental readiness, information society development, and operational efficiency in developing countries.The organizational requirements for advancing Health Informatics 2.0 in developing countries encompass issues related to electronic health service providers. At the managerial level for government service providers, various obligations exist. Among these, crucialconsiderations include the need for altering existing workflows or designing new processes, transitioning organizational structures towards flat structures to harness all ideas, the significance of managerial support for new service delivery models, periodic evaluations, and facilitating access to data for transparency. Ensuring human resource requirements within Health Informatics 2.0 involves hiring specialized human resources in social media, conducting training courses to enhance electronic literacy, precisely defining responsibilities, and ultimately facilitating organizational learning.The communication requirements for developing Health Informatics 2.0 in developing countries involve fostering collaboration and communication among diverse groups in the new service delivery paradigm. Establishing mutual and collaborative partnerships in the healthsector through social media is considered crucial. The importance of developing collaborations across government and private health sectors is emphasized, enabling increased participation in service provision and involving various health domain experts for collective problem-solving. This approach relies on collective knowledge and facilitates quick feedback on provided services, highlighting the importance of timely responses to inquiries and consultations, along with easy tracking of submitted requests. Facilitating access to health and hygiene experts for consultations, 24/7 access to accurate and up-to-date health information, swift responses to questions and consultations, and ensuring easy tracking of submitted requests are among the essential requirements for E-Health 2.0.

In addressing the myriad challenges faced by developing countries in the realm of healthcare, it is imperative to acknowledge and tackle issues such as unequal access to information and healthcare facilities, socioeconomic class disparities, limited access to specialized medical professionals, and a general lack of awareness among citizens regarding healthcare matters. These challenges collectively hinder the adequate provision of healthcare services in these regions. A pivotal solution to these challenges lies in strategically utilizing information technology infrastructure. In particular, leveraging the high social media penetration rate emerges as a promising avenue for delivering healthcare services to diverse populations. Social media platforms can act as a robust and inclusive medium, bridging gaps in healthcare accessibility and promoting awareness among the populace. To streamline social media integration into healthcare services, an in-depth understanding and application of the Health Informatics 2.0 framework become paramount. This framework encompasses various dimensions, including infrastructural, organizational, operational, environmental, and communicative. By identifying and leveraging these components, policymakers, managers, and planners in developing countries can pave the way for a more seamless incorporation of social media in healthcare strategies. Enhancing access for service recipients is a central aspect of this approach. By doing so, the potential to provide healthcare services extends beyond temporal and spatial constraints. Using social media becomes a catalyst for transcending geographical barriers, offering healthcare solutions to individuals irrespective of their location and the limitations posed by traditional healthcare delivery models. In light of this, developing countries can embark on a trajectory of progress, armed with preparedness and a comprehensive understanding of the Health Informatics 2.0 model. This model serves as a guide, outlining the requirements for successful implementation. The strategic alignment with this model empowers nations to harness the benefits of information technology in healthcare, fostering improved outcomes and accessibility. For the effective implementation of the research outcomes and the successful adoption of Health Informatics 2.0, it is recommended to create awareness and education conditions for service providers and users. Empowering individuals with knowledge about the capabilities and advantages of this innovative healthcare approach is crucial for its widespread acceptance and utilization.Furthermore, a critical aspect of the research agenda involves directing attention toward formulating or modifying laws governing social media in the healthcare domain. Clear and supportive legal frameworks are essential for the ethical and secure use of social mediaplatforms in healthcare services. Simultaneously, ensuring a robust information technology infrastructure is pivotal for seamlessly integrating these services, ensuring data security, and facilitating efficient healthcare delivery.In conclusion, harnessing information technology, primarily through social media, presents a transformative solution to healthcare challenges in developing countries. Embracing the Health Informatics 2.0 framework, focusing on awareness, education, legal considerations, and infrastructure, nations can facilitate a paradigm shift towards inclusive and accessible healthcare delivery. This comprehensive approach enhances the reach and efficiency of healthcare services and fosters a sustainable foundation for addressing the unique healthcare needs of diverse populations in the developing world.

The present study is written with a new look at the design of an applied model in the field of social media with a focus on the turning point in human resources. The research approach is to use a hybrid model and validate it in model design. The research was conducted in three phases. The meta-combined approach in identifying indicators of social media evolution in human resources has led to the identification of 98 research-related studies from 1975 to 2021 and 34 indicators. In the screening phase, the researcher with the fuzzy Delphi approach and the opinions of experts considered 9 indicators necessary in designing the model of social media transformation in human resources. In this phase, the researcher has designed the research model using a structural-interpretive modeling approach. Privacy, interactive media and trust building indicators were identified as the cornerstone of the model and the most effective indicators. Indicators of digital transformation, social participation and generational communication are also included in the MICMAC analysis in the interface area. Finally, in the third phase, the researcher has identified a deep gap between the current and the desired situation using the importance-performance approach. The results of the study also identified four distinct periods in the evolution of social media in human resources.

The development of new media, particularly interactive social networks, has been one of the most significant digital phenomena over the past few decades both in Iran and globally. The media, via its emphasis on user participation in social relationships, has brought about considerable changes to cultural, political, and economic landscapes. However, while highlighting the critical role of users in social relations, these networks may also impact social cohesion in less privileged areas, which often face stark social disparities. Among the social networks, WhatsApp is one of the most popular platforms and is widely adopted due to its interactive capabilities and lack of restrictions. Its use has also grown in Iran, especially given its high capacity for user interaction. The researcher has employed a descriptive-analytical methodology and a theoretical framework to review the impact of WhatsApp on social cohesion among less privileged areas of Tehran through a survey-based approach. Based on the data collection through the snowball method and statistical analysis using Pearson's test, it was concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between the use of WhatsApp and both components of social cohesion (social adherence and social equality) among young users in less privileged areas of Tehran. Although the use of WhatsApp has been found to be positively associated with social equality, the impact is primarily felt with the feeling of participation. On the social cohesion component, the feeling of acceptance is heavily influenced by the use of WhatsApp, but the feeling of equality remains unchanged in less privileged areas of Tehran. Therefore, in light of this finding, it is warranted to consider the holistic and cohesive effects of this network in societal policies to effectively utilize its capabilities for enhancing the individual role-playing and to employ that potential towards reducing the cultural-social policy implementation costs. IntroductionModern media and communication platforms can be regarded as critical tools for the expression of various subcultures, ethnic groups, and less-privileged economic and societal groups. They serve to amplify their voices, increase their social awareness, and represent their demands. In Iran, mobile social networks like Telegram, WhatsApp, and Instagram have gained prominence and have had a significant impact on various populations, especially the youth.Among the social networks, WhatsApp has become increasingly popular among Iranian users due to the ease of voice communication, low internet requirements, and the ability to manage voice messages; its unfiltered nature, in particular, has garnered significant support among Iranian users. However, WhatsApp usage among less privileged areas remains understudied, especially in relation to its influence on social cohesion. This social network has allowed its users to play a significant role in the interactive space and has opened up powerful possibilities for two-way communication. However, despite the diverse roles that WhatsApp plays in different societal spheres and user functions, it is unclear whether its increased individual roles, particularly in the social, economic, and political spheres, would be effective in less privileged areas, especially in relation to the sense of social equality of young users and improving their social adherence and increasing the level of social cohesion. The present research has sought to address this issue.Research Question(s):What is the relationship between using WhatsApp and social adherence?1.1. What is the relationship between the use of WhatsApp and the feeling of social belonging?2.1. What is the relationship between the use of WhatsApp and the feeling of social acceptance?3.1. What is the relationship between using WhatsApp and adhering to the law?What is the relationship between the use of WhatsApp and the feeling of social equality?1.2. What is the relationship between using WhatsApp and feeling privileged?2.2. What is the relationship between the use of WhatsApp and the feeling of participation?3.2. What is the relationship between using WhatsApp and feeling equal? Literature ReviewStudies by Shohani and Shohani (Winter 2018) have revealed a significant correlation between social networks and the development of social trust, social cohesion, solidarity, and even political participation, via strengthening the relationships between people in those societies. Gholami and Khaiti (Fall 2013) have found a close relationship between the two variables of physical identity and social cohesion, and Imam Jumezadeh et al. (Spring 2014) have found a significant correlation between media consumption and social cohesion, and according to Farahmand et al. (Spring and Summer 2014) justice variables Social, external media, internal media and age have been able to show 22% of the changes in social cohesion. MethodologyThis study aims to examine the relationship between two variables: WhatsApp use and social cohesion. The study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology and adopts the Theory of Bernard (1999) as its theoretical framework. In order to obtain a measure of social cohesion, Bernard (1999) has outlined several dimensions such as a sense of belonging-isolation, deprivation-privilege, participating-not participating, accepting-not accepting, law-abiding-not adhering to the law. Within this research, two components of social compliance (feeling of belonging-isolation, acceptance-rejection, law-abiding-not adhering to the law) and feeling of social equality (deprivation-privilege, participation-nonparticipation, equal-unequal level) have been explored.Due to the lack of accurate statistics on young WhatsApp users in the less privileged areas of Tehran, the sampling process employed a convenience sampling method. A research questionnaire was given to 1,200 young people in Tehran's less privileged areas, and a total of 726 participants were included in the study. After the survey was distributed to the intended participants, those who agreed to participate and answered the questions, the collected data was subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson's correlation test. ResultsWith regard to the relationship between WhatsApp use and social adherence, the analysis revealed that the components of social adherence, namely the feeling of acceptance, sense of belonging, and adherence to the law, presented the highest correlations with the use of WhatsApp. In order to examine the sub-hypotheses in detail, Pearson's correlation test was also used to measure the extent of the connection between the WhatsApp usage and the three components under the social adherence variable.The table below presents the findings of the Pearson's correlation test, in which the social adherence variable was taken as the dependent variable and the WhatsApp usage variable was taken as the independent variable. The values and significance levels of each correlation coefficient are also provided. In consideration of the fact that the p-value is lower than the 0.05 significance level, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a statistically significant relationship between the usage of WhatsApp and social adherence, with 95% confidence.Symmetric Measures ValueAsymptotic Standard ErroraApproximate TbApproximate SignificanceInterval by IntervalPearson's R.263.0347.345.000cOrdinal by OrdinalSpearman Correlation.260.0387.234.000cN of Valid Cases726   a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.c. Based on normal approximation.In terms of the relationship between WhatsApp use and the social equality variables, the analysis reveal that, while social participation and enjoyment present the highest levels of correlation, the feeling of equality can not be imagined. In other words, the feeling of equality cannot be inferred merely from people's WhatsApp usage.The results of the Pearson's correlation analysis shown in the table below reveal that while social participation and enjoyment present the highest levels of correlation with WhatsApp use, the feeling of equality cannot be inferred from WhatsApp usage alone. Furthermore, WhatsApp usage has a low level of correlation with the feeling of equality, indicating that the two variables cannot be deemed to have a strong connection. In light of the statistical findings presented in the table and the fact that the p-value has fallen below the 0.05 significance level, we reject the null hypothesis and concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between WhatsApp usage and feelings of social equality, with 95% confidence.Symmetric Measures ValueAsymptotic Standard ErroraApproximate TbApproximate SignificanceInterval by IntervalPearson's R.307.0318.677.000cOrdinal by OrdinalSpearman Correlation.301.0358.508.000cN of Valid Cases726   a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.c. Based on normal approximation. ConclusionThe emergence and evolution of new media and especially social networks have become a phenomenon of recent years, having altered practically all aspects of modern human society, to the extent that their elimination is hardly imaginable in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, given their increased prominence. Indeed, the impact of these social networks is categorized on a spectrum of positive and negative effects, depending on the social conditions of the countries involved. However, it is vital to consider how people perceive the usage of these social networks, which is itself influenced by governmental actions, available social facilities, and other relevant factors. It is evident that people, especially the youth in our country, as the leading users of social media, have accepted the effects of various social networks as part of their everyday lives. As traditional values hold prevalence in Iranian society, social networks can have a mixed impact on its cultural fabric. While they are primarily perceived in contrast to the prevailing culture, their positive effects are often overshadowed by their negative aspects. Although widespread cultural resistance toward social media networks has often created a negative impression of their works, such a stance tends to overlook their potential capabilities, some of which remain unexplored. Among those capacities is their potential role in influencing social cohesion and solidarity, as demonstrated by the researcher.Recent economic challenges have exacerbated social inequality between different classes in Iranian society. This solidarity can act as a safeguard against potential unrest in less privileged areas, promote greater youth participation in social activities, and facilitate individual commitment and collective action, thereby forming a more cohesive society. In particular, the social fabric of the south and west areas of Tehran, which present lower levels of social and cultural facilities, as well as economic development, is vulnerable to social and economic inadequacies. This deficit of facilities constitutes a significant contributing factor to social tensions, particularly among the youth in these areas. The engagement of this population can therefore help offset the risk of social unrest.As the collected survey data indicates, the use of WhatsApp by users from less privileged areas of Tehran carries a positive and significant correlation with social adherence and social equality. However, when compared, users who employ WhatsApp extensively seem to possess a stronger social adherence compared to a higher feeling of social equality. This could be explained by the fact that WhatsApp's impact on communication may not sufficiently address the varying demands of social equality, particularly for users who reside in areas facing objective social and economic difficulties.

Social media have become a common organizational resource of governments and government departments in various fields. However, the understanding of the barriers to the institutionalization of social media in public administration needs to be developed. The purpose of the article was to investigate the challenges and obstacles of social media institutionalization in government organizations. In terms of purpose, the research is applied, and in terms of the research method, it is descriptive and library-based. Related information was collected by searching the keywords "institutionalization", "social media", "barriers" and "government organizations" in Persian articles and their English equivalents "Institutionalization", "Social media", "Barriers" and "Government organizations" in foreign reliable journals. The results of the surveys showed that the challenges of social media institutionalization in government organizations are primarily the general context of the organization, which includes technological illiteracy, citizens' lack of trust in institutions or fear of communication, and then institutional framework (such as information and identity theft, problems related to intellectual property), inter-organizational cooperation, organizational structure challenges (such as inflexible organizational culture, negative balance in cost-benefit decision-making for adoption, or lack of training and service maintenance problems), challenges related to information and data. such as the validity of the information or the fear of losing control over the sent content), the problems are related to the capabilities of the technology itself. Public sector organizations must manage these challenges by institutionalizing social media, aligning their organizational culture or political strategy with this new set of networking tools.