جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ستون فقرات" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

In penal law, the terms "crushing" and "cracking" of bones are distinct from fractures, carrying specific penalties. However, Article 647 of the Islamic Penal Code, which addresses rulings on spine damage, only mentions penalties for fractures, leaving ambiguity regarding whether it covers crushing or cracking. Surprisingly, this matter has not been addressed in Islamic jurisprudence either. The article aims to explore the issue by examining legal and jurisprudential evidence. Legal data reveals that the matter has not been addressed in legislation, falling within the realm of unlegislated cases. Consequently, determining the appropriate compensation (Diyyah) and retaliation (Arsh) for spinal crushing and cracking requires reference to jurisprudence. Analysis of jurisprudential evidence further indicates that there are no established penalties for crushing and cracking of the spine in the hadīths and Sharīah sources. The evidence for a broken spine does not encompass crushing and cracking, while the evidence for bone crushing and cracking does not include the spine. Therefore, such damages fall under the purview of determining appropriate retaliation (Arsh).

If several vertebrae of the spine in the lumbar region are damaged by one behavior or several behaviors, there are three points of view in the legal doctrine and judicial opinions regarding the amount of diya. The first viewpoint, referring to the expression of the note of Article 647 of the Islamic Penal Code, believes that the diya of all the vertebrae of the spine is integrated, and as a result, one diya must be paid for the fracture of all the vertebrae. The second viewpoint, referring to Article 543, Paragraph C of the Islamic Penal Code, believes that the diya of adjacent vertebrae (bones) are one and the same as a whole, while the diya of the non-adjacent vertebrae each should be paid separately. The third viewpoint is that the payment of the diya of none of the vertebrae interfere with each other and as a result, the payment of each vertebra should be paid separately. By criticizing the expression of the note to Article 647 and Paragraph C of Article 543 of the Islamic Penal Code, the present study concludes the weakness of the first two viewpoints and selects the third viewpoint on the basis of numerous jurisprudential and legal principles and evidences.

 In a fast-paced world of technology that is changing people’s lifestyles and reducing mobility, rural women who were once a model of mobility have not been spared. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal abnormalities of the upper and lower limbs in rural women in Qazvin province.

 The present study was a descriptive-comparative study. The statistical population of this study was rural women in Qazvin province with an age range of 15-65 years and an average age (41.88±15.70). In this research, 3023 people participated and were divided into four groups with different age ranges. Subjects were selected by snowball sampling method and participated in the study voluntarily. The collection tools included consent form, musculoskeletal abnormalities registration form, caliper, vertical line, checkerboard, and New York test. Descriptive statistics were used to show the prevalence of anomalies, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for group comparison in SPSS software v. 24.

 Kruskal-Wallis test showed that in the variables head forward (P=0.001), torticollis (P=0.001), shoulder forward (P=0.008), uneven shoulder (P=0.001), kyphosis (P=0.001), lordosis (P=0.001), flat back (P=0.003), scoliosis (P=0.001), anterior pelvic rotation (P=0.001), genu Varum (P=0.001), genu valgum (P=0.001), genu recurvatum (P=0.001), flat foot (P=0.008), Pes cavus (P=0.004) and hallux valgus (P=0.001). There was a significant difference between groups. Also, the highest prevalence of upper limb deformities was related to uneven shoulder, head forward, and lordosis. The highest prevalence of lower limb deformities was related to anterior pelvic rotation, genu valgum, and flat foot.

 The results show that the prevalence of musculoskeletal abnormalities of the upper and lower limbs in rural women in Qazvin province is highly prevalent in the age range of 35-31 years and 50-36 years. Therefore, researchers believe that providing information about the prevalence of postural disorders can effectively design preventive programs and emphasize the need to develop corrective exercise and rehabilitation programs for this segment of society.

Exercise as a specific form of physical activity arrow could have a significant impacts on development’s process of body posture. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the body posture of girls Karate athletes with non-athletes.
50 girl’s karate athletes and 50 matched non-athletes participated in this study. Forward Head using photogrammetry, rounded shoulders with a goniometer, kyphosis and lordosis using a flexicurve and anterior pelvic tilt by Saunders’s method was measured. Statistical analysis of data using independent t- test and the significance level was 0.05.
The Mean forward head angle (p=0.004), the left and right rounded shoulders (p=0.0001), kyphosis (p=0.001) in karate athletes was greater than non-athletes and there were statistical significant. In addition, no significant difference was found between Karate athletes and non-athletes in mean lordosis (p=0.47) and anterior pelvic tilt (p=0.75).
The results showed that despite the differences in parameters examined in this study is low, it is clinically important and coaches and athletes should accommodate necessary preventive and corrective Strategies in training programs.

Spine as the axis of the body may be applied to various reasons and various activities will be affected and abnormalities. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of spinal abnormalities of students7-15years old that has mentally retarded and normal of Arak city.
This cross-sectional study and the application is aimed at the school year female students was mental retarded and ordinary 15-7 years old in Arak. 69 persons were selected at random from exceptional and regular schools. In order to evaluate the anomalies of the upper body New York test was used.
The results of the analysis showed that the prevalence of malformations and abnormalities of pelvic obliquity, lordosis, kyphosis, uneven shoulders, tortikoly between exceptional students, many more cases have been reported. But according to the achieved significance level the differences are not significant. But the prevalence of skoliosis rate, among a group of normal and mentally retarded There is a significant difference.
This study showed that the students with intellectual disability have more musculoskeletal disorders than the Ordinary students and early detection of musculoskeletal disorders in these patients can improve muscle strength and endurance and decreased postural abnormalities was this group of people.

The purpose of this research was to study outbreak of Spinal column abnormalities & its relationship with rest habit with respect to anthropometric & ergonometric properties of educable Mentally Retarded children of Kurdistan province.

Statistical population of the present research were all 440 mentally retarded children aged between 11-17 years in Kurdistan Province. According to Moregan table, 205 children were selected by random-cluster method as research sample. The information was collected through questionnaires and clinical examination. In order to analyze the information some descriptive and inferential statistics including Chi- square and SPSS software was used.

Research findings show the following outbreaks: lordosis 65%, kyphosis 13%, scolosis 4% and flat back 6% among samples. There was no significant difference between abnormality of spinal column with height, weight, BMI, type of mattress and pillow and also and kyphosis with sleeping on belly, scolosis and sleeping to sides, flat back and sleeping on back. However, there was significant relationship between lordosis and sleeping on belly.

Mentally Retarded children have a remarkable abnormality in spinal column and this necessitates different interventions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate anatomical alignment of spine in relation to anthropometric parameters in athletes. 20 healthy athletes (mean age 22.25±1.88 yr, height 182.78±5.49 cm, weight 75.35±3.19 kg and athletic experience 9.38±3.77 yr) and 20 healthy non-athletes (mean age 22.80±2.01 yr, height 179.35±6.25 cm, weight 71.10±2.30 kg) randomly participated in this study voluntarily. Variables including sitting height, spinal length, arm span, biacromial breadth, biiliac breadth, chest width and depth, acromial distance were measured by anthropometric instruments and kyphosis and lordosis were measured by spinal mouse. The results showed a significant difference in kyphosis and lordosis between athletes and non-athletes (p≤0.05). There was also a significant relationship between sitting length, spinal length, arm span, acromial distance with Kyphosis and between sitting length and spinal length with lordosis (p≤0.05). The results of regression test showed that arm span and spinal length were the best predictors of kyphosis and lordosis respectively. It was concluded that those athletes who due to some anthropometric indices are more susceptible to some postural abnormalities, especially kyphosis and lordosis, should be recognized and treated

The purpose of this study was relationship between spinal curves and specialized movements of Bastanykaran. Study sample included 73 athletes from Bastanykaran 18-36 years Kerman that had at least 2 years experience. Flexible ruler was used for measuring spinal curves. For data analysis of statistical methods at two levels of descriptive and inferential (Chi square (χ2) coefficient of agreement C) through the statistical software SPSS, were used. Results showed that %47.9 of Bastanykaran have hyperkyphosis and %32.9 of this community have hyperlordosis. The findings was significant relationship between movement of Turning the Meel (p<0.05, χ2=8.70) and movement of Whirling(p<0.05, χ2=9.20) with the amount kyphosis arch, and movement of Kabbadeh Workouts and amount lordosis curve of Bastanykaran(p<0.05, χ2=8.64).

The aim of the present study was to introduce a non-invasive method (image processing) to measure lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis. The advantages of this method are fast measurement and no direct contact with the subjects. For this purpose, 40 male students (age: 26±2 years old, weight: 72±2.5 kg, and height: 169±5.5 cm) volunteered to identify these advantages and the accuracy of the suggested method. The lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis of all subjects were extracted and compared using the suggested method as well as the flexible ruler method (control). Findings of this research were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that the correlation of the suggested and flexible ruler methods to measure lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis were 0.95 and 0.97 respectively. These results indicated that the suggested method could be used effectively to measure lumbar lordosis and thoracie kyphosis and was valid compared with the flexible ruler. So image processing method can be used as a non-invasive method along with the other methods.