جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "شبکه" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Innovation as a factor of survival and progress requires interaction and participation due to the high risk, cost, and distribution of knowledge and required capabilities among different actors. Regarding the nature and way of interaction of organizations in the field of innovation, various concepts have been formed during the last century, each of which has different approaches, functions, and purposes. Considering the distinct importance of these concepts and terms for researchers, policymakers, and those involved in the field of innovation, this article, with a systematic review and co-word analysis, examines the evolution of concepts related to this topic and the concepts and terms that have been formed and developed about this concept found, identifies their differences in terms of approach, nature, function, and focus. Based on this research, the three elements of systemic view, geographic proximity, and networking can be considered as the main pillars of the formation of these concepts, although the degree of tendency towards these three elements is different in different concepts of collaborative innovation. In addition, based on these elements, concepts can be classified into three categories: systemic view, spatial view, and network view. Moving from basic concepts and issues such as resilience and sustainability implies the conceptual development of collaborative innovation and capability for measuring the maturity level of the desire to participate in innovation

The words communication and network have received a lot of attention by academics, managers and professionals. Strategists pay more attention to issues such as joint ventures, strategic alliances, and strategic networks. It seems that these attentions and concerns refer to some fundamental changes in the way companies relate to their activity environment and the problems they face. In general, the terms network and communication indicate that there is a special type of organizational form that is at a higher level than individual and independent companies (Hakansson & Ford, 2002).Business relationships are very essential for the success of companies. These relationships allow firms to mobilize important resources that they do not control, in the sense that business relationships deal with firms' dependence on resources (Mouzas & Naudé, 2007; Pfeffer & Salancik, 1978; Zaefarian, Henneberg, & Naudé, 2011). Business relationships have positive effects on important aspects of management such as innovation (Muller & Zenker, 2001; Rindfleisch & Moorman, 2001), reduction of operating costs (Cannon & Homburg, 2001; Selnes & Sallis, 2003) and ultimately company profitability (Fang, Palmatier, Scheer, & Li, 2008; Palmatier, Dant, & Grewal, 2007). Companies must manage their business relationships successfully to stay competitive.The competitive environment of companies is constantly changing. Traditional markets are rapidly being replaced by networks. This issue creates major management challenges for industrial companies with advanced technology. From a conceptual point of view, this means that we must have a vision beyond normal relationships with customers and suppliers and complex and complex networks including networks related to research and development, supplier networks and alliances. (Moller & Halinen, 1999).Today, we are witnessing extensive changes in business relationships, which are caused by rapid developments in communication systems, which have facilitated dialogue and interaction between companies in the B-to-B and B-to-C markets. The growing activity of customers, suppliers or even competitors in business relationships has affected the nature and nature of interactions between customers and sellers. At the international level, only a few companies can continue to operate without having connections with foreign companies (Ratajczak-Mrozek, 2017). Most companies can only grow through interaction with foreign companies, and often must develop business relationships with companies that are culturally different from them. Undoubtedly, technological development and internationalization of businesses both intensify the competition and force companies to search and apply new strategies to maintain their market position. Except for large companies, the market also includes very creative smaller companies that seek to succeed by reaching a favorable position in business relationships with powerful companies (Ratajczak-Mrozek and Fonfara, 2018).Production networks are expanding. These networks are corporate groups that, since it may be difficult for them to achieve competitive advantages alone, they combine their forces to achieve competitive advantages. Creating a network brings material benefits such as increasing sales or reducing costs, psychological benefits (creating the belief that problems are shared) and developmental benefits such as learning to adapt to economic changes in the environment. Cooperation between these corporate groups is characterized by informal systems rather than formal contractual relationships to manage complex products or services in competitive and uncertain environments (Sherer, 2003).Nowadays, inter-organizational networks and their influence on different aspects of the organization have become very important in the discussion of organizational advantages. Networks are vital for discovering opportunities, testing ideas, and accumulating resources to shape a new organization (Aldrich & Zimmer, 1986). New researches have grown strongly in order to better understand how to create value from business networks (Corsaro et al., 2012). Business networks and network resources (such as information, access, capital, services and goods) are considered a source of sustainable competitive advantage (Gulati, Nohria & Zaheer, 2000).Network structures can create a competitive advantage such as social capital (Burt, 2001). In other words, network businesses are interwoven with social relationships with other businesses that over time can create trust, expectation of justice, and reciprocity (Grabher, 1993; Granovetter, 1985).In today's highly competitive business environment, the use of communication and effective activity in business networks is vital for all Manufacturing and services organizations. Organizations are facing many limitations including lack of resources and capabilities. By using relationships and sharing resources, organizations can overcome many of these limitations and benefit of being a member of a business network. Because staying in business networks offers many opportunities to companies. In this research, the set of factors affecting the effective activity in the business network in Iran's food industry has been tested. The current research is a descriptive and cross-section research. The population of this research are senior and middle managers of companies active in the food industry. The sample members is 205 senior and middle managers of food industry companies active in Iran. A questionnaire was used to collect data. In the analysis of the collected data, descriptive statistics and structural equation model were used in the inferential statistics section, and measurement model tests and structural model tests were performed. The results show that among the 8 factors of resource sharing, common vision, trust, commitment, choice of partners, information technology, flexibility of the company, competence of the network, the last two factors affect the effective activity of companies in the business network in Iran. They have a significant effect and this effect is also positive. Also, network competence has a greater impact than flexibility. According to the findings it could be concluded that the flexibility of the companies and the competence of the network have a significant effect on the effective activity of the companies in the business network.

Nowadays, organizations have learned that innovation is the precondition for competitiveness and survive and isn’t form in an isolated condition. In other words, innovation requires the cooperation of a large number of actors, and simply having a creative technical idea and cultivating it from zero to 100 is neither economically mere nor usually possible. As a result, several concepts have been formed. In practice, each of these terms focuses on a set of elements. Current studies focused on a part of these factors and there is no clear classification for the main factors in the formation and success of collaborative innovation. This paper with the aim of identifying and categorizing these elements, briefly review various approach to this topic and then by the means of Meta synthesis study the innovation network concept and variations. According to the paper results, effective factors on innovation networks could be divided into three main groups: organization, network and environmental factors. Under the variable of the organization, the factors of scope of activity, size, dynamic capabilities, level of technology and expertise, under the variable of the network, the factors of type of structure, geographical affinity, the distance of ability to attract members, variety of expertise, level of trust, number of members, credibility of the network and type of industry and under the variable Environment, government factors, financial infrastructure, research infrastructure, information infrastructure, customer expertise and labor market are identified.

Hansai, a commercial-military alliance that arose in the conditions of the removal of military power and the weakness of the feudal lords, and enjoyed freedom, considered themselves committed to the Byzantine Empire and thus enjoyed legitimacy. They began to trade between cities, creating a network system centered on Lübeck and Hamburg. Lübeck and Hamburg were a self-organized form of cooperation that acted as a hub or node in this urban network and communicated through meters in other cities, but failed as England and the Netherlands took power. The cities of this union exerted influence on the cities around the Baltic Sea by establishing mutual relations with each other and created a united region in terms of military and trade, which were connected to other regions and cities. In fact, they laid the foundation for the region we know today as the European Union. On a larger scale, Europe was connected with other regions including Cairo and North Africa, Baghdad-Tabriz-Hormuz and Middle East, Samarkand-Bukhara and Central Asia, Gujarat-Malacca and South Asia, Zaytoun-Shanghai and East Asia. Since the Hanseatic League was born from the formation of a set of connections between the cities of Northern Europe, therefore, this article, using a descriptive analytic method, aims to describe the Hanseatic League and modern regionalism and intercity communication in the Middle Ages and the contemporary period.

The research is descriptive-analytic and data gathering procedure is based on library findings. The results of the research will be used to propose a suitable model for contemporary cities.

Today, with the development of communication networks and the ease of transportation and production flexibility, a kind of division of labor between cities has been created, in which these cities have a managerial role, and at the global and regional level, the sphere of influence. These cities have created economic networks through the main and subsidiary branches of multinational companies in different cities and they act at the level of hubs and nodes. Since the power of cities is increasing in the present era and the level of relations between them has been expanded, the Hanseatic Union will be a suitable model for their union at the regional level, which is called new regionalism. This model can be followed by statesmen and city managers in different regions of the world, such as the Union of European Cities, the Union of Central Asian Cities, the Union of Caucasus Cities, the Union of Persian Gulf Cities, and form unions for greater regional convergence. Today, some of these regional unions have emerged, but unions such as the Caucasus Cities Union or the Persian Gulf require the will of the city officials and managers of these countries.

International migration has become widespread in last two decades and it is also very important for Iran. This research tries to evaluate Iranian government’s policy toward sustainable return of elites. This ethnographic research conducted through 54 semi structured interviews as well as participant observation and expert interview with relevant organizations. Research theoretical considerations consist of social capital theory, network theory and reintegration approach. It seems that supports which have been launched by Iranian government concentrates on financial dimensions of reintegration. While sustainable return has social and cultural obligations. It seems that the government's support facilities are focused on micro level, and institution building and networking are given less attention. On the other hand, the main focus of policymaking is to return to economic support, and its social, cultural and psychological aspects are given less attention.

The family as the most significant and fundamental social institution exerts direct and profound influences on other societal institutions. It assumes distinct roles and functions and addresses a range of human needs. Central to family life and functioning are the relationships among family members. Communication serves as the foundation through which families define themselves and members acquire the skills to navigate shared meanings (Miller, 2017). Consequently, communication and interactions between family members emerge as crucial characteristics within any family unit. When communication is positive and effective, it ensures the overall well-being of the family and, in turn, contributes to the health of society as a whole. Effective communication skills encompass both verbal and nonverbal elements with effective verbal and conversational skills occupying a significant role in marital communication. Furthermore, communication within the family, like any other form of dialogue, is influenced by cultural and social contexts. Dialogue, in fact, not only stems from an individual's background and social network, but also shapes the formation of future relationships and interactions. As per Michel's definition, a social network comprises unique connections among a specific group of individuals. These connections collectively provide insights into the social behavior exhibited by the individuals involved (Mitchel, 1999). Therefore, recognizing the pivotal role played by tradition, culture, and social backgrounds in fostering interactions and dialogues between couples, this research aimed to comprehend the process of dialogue formation within the context of couples' social relations.

This research aimed to elucidate the process of dialogue formation within the context of social relations. An interpretive paradigm and qualitative methodology were employed. Specifically, a grounded theory approach utilizing Strauss and Corbin's objectivist perspective was adopted as the primary methodological framework. The sample selection followed a purposive and theoretical sampling technique with the goal of achieving data saturation. A total of 31 couples from normal families in Yazd were chosen as participants. In-depth interviews served as the primary method of data collection. With participants' consent, the interviews were recorded and each session lasted between 70 and 180 minutes. The data analysis utilized the theoretical coding method, which facilitated the development of the grounded theory. All recorded interviews were transcribed into text and the analysis process occurred concurrently with data collection. Following Strauss and Corbin’s method, line-by-line analysis was conducted for open-coding, leading to the development of concepts and categories and construction of the grounded theory's foundation. Ultimately, a research paradigm model was formulated. To ensure the validity of the findings, measures, such as prolonged engagement, peer review, negative case analysis, member checking, and detailed description were employed.

This study aimed to elucidate the role of the social network in shaping and influencing dialogue within Yazdi families. The collected data were subjected to open, axial, and selective coding, resulting in the identification of 22 main categories and 63 secondary categories. These categories collectively contributed to the core category of "dialogue emerging from the social network". The research presented a paradigm model and theoretical framework based on these findings.The overall analysis of the results demonstrated that dialogue was a product of the social relationships that the couples had experienced across various domains, spanning from the past to the present. The sociocultural context, particularly within the family, held the greatest influence on the individuals by establishing either a democratic or authoritarian environment. Additionally, friendship groups, educational and occupational systems, and the living environment all played significant roles in shaping interactions and dialogue within the family.When confronted with the impact of this social network, the individuals tended to react in two distinct ways. Some individuals accepted these influences without critical evaluation, implementing them within their family dynamics. However, this approach often led to dissatisfaction within the contemporary family structure due to the changing dynamics of today's society. On the other hand, certain individuals equipped with an awareness of various factors, social changes, and established principles for building relationships engaged in a thoughtful reconsideration of the effects of their past experiences within the family and different social environments. These individuals actively strived to enhance interactions within their current family and effectively managed their familial relationships.

The present research is aimed at prediction of network linkages of banking system distress based on operational risks and behavioral finance approach. Methodology of the present research is of survey descriptive, practical from the purpose standpoint. Notably, in order to reach this purpose, firstly, based on study and review of theoretical basics, research variables were introduced. Then, by making use of Krejcie and Morgan Table, 384 participants were selected, and upon distribution of questionnaire among the aforesaid, research data were collected. Furthermore, in order for analysis of data and estimation of research empirical models, the researcher used structural equation modeling (SEM) and Smart PLS software. Of note, findings of this research indicate that behavioral financial standpoints and operational risk have significant effects on prediction of banking network disorder. Furthermore, based on estimated beta coefficients, among behavioral financial elements, economic behavior, cognitive standpoint, judgment biases, heuristic behaviors, decision making biases and value and return of stocks have respectively the highest effect on banking disorder, and among operational risk elements, human resources risk, systemic risk, transaction risk, technology risk and fraudulent and deception risk have respectively the highest effect on banking disorder.

Although in 1950, only 30% of the population lived in cities; Today, cities host 54% of the world's population and it is predicted to reach 66% by 2050. Among the most important negative effects of the rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization of countries is the increase in the number of personal and car-based vehicles in cities. But today, what the world's transportation experts agree on is achieving a sustainable transportation model in cities in order to provide the vision of a healthy, peaceful city with fast, safe, and efficient transportation for all citizens; Therefore, the main issue in this research is to achieve a strategic model for the development of the urban rail transport network. In this research, the statistical population is the metropolis of Tehran and includes experts, university professors and graduates in the field of transportation, urban planning, road and construction, urban planning and strategic management and it is a whole number. Using library studies, research literature has been collected and in addition to thematic analysis, semi-in-depth structured interviews have been used. In this research, two methods of descriptive and inferential statistics are used to analyze and analyze information, and according to the type of research, descriptive statistics include frequency and mean tables, and at the inferential level, in order to examine the relationships between factors, the structural equation model is used, which includes confirmatory factor analysis and analysis is the path Spss software and Smart Pls software were used for data analysis. In the end, a model for "urban rail transport network development" was developed. Therefore, the strategic model of the development of the rail transport network in four dimensions "technical and executive", "urban planning", "transportation and traffic" and "economy and urban planning", six components "political", "economic", "social", "technology", "Environmental" and "Legal" as well as ninety indicators were compiled.

It is not simple at all to answer as why some people become entrepreneurs while others don't. Most researchers have accepted this puzzle and defined entrepreneurship in various ways, thus, making it a controversial term to develop theories around it. In the midst of contradictory ideas in the field of entrepreneurship, the contribution of social sciences such as sociology and economics is significant. However, their perspectives on the subject differ. Sociology sees individual agency as more significant than social factors, while economics assumes the opposite. This has led to the dual perception of under-socialized and over-socialized, with both being incomplete. This duality can be compared to the blind description of an elephant in the dark - each person touches the elephant from different angles and presents own point of view to refute the other. This article aims to explain this duality and approaches of sociology and economics towards the issue of entrepreneurship. It is theoretical in nature and explores the path that flows between the two opposite poles, using the new economic sociological paradigm. This approach aims to go beyond the duality of under-socialized and over-socialized perceptions, allowing for a better understanding of entrepreneurship in its social and historical contexts.

The word personality refers to the uniqueness, individuality and subjectivity of the subject being studied. The measurement of such a dynamic and complex concept is considered a fundamental challenge in the field of methodology for the measurement of psychological constructs. The aim of this research is to present a new method in two different parts of personality questionnaire question analysis: a) personality questionnaire question dimensions obtained from the implementation of questionnaires on independent samples through correspondence analysis and b) question prioritization using from the network data analysis method based on the importance of questions in each dimension. To achieve these goals, 32 personality questionnaires - which cover most of the application areas of personality questionnaires - were implemented on 82,988 volunteers via web-based forms. Correspondence analysis results show that personality has two dominant dimensions that explain about 75% of personality variance. The results of network data analysis show that the important questions in different indexes are not necessarily the same and the selection of questions based on a specific index should be based on the meaning of that index, however, according to the correlation structure of the priority of questions in the index network, a general index was defined based on which questions were prioritized in two dimensions of personality. The result of the present research led to the presentation of an algorithm for selecting personality questions in personality dimensions.

Empirically, the term “governance” is the institutions, methods, and practices that emerged during the last quarter of a century to overcome the institutional fragmentation caused by market-oriented changes. The purpose of different governance models is to achieve guidance, coordination, and control of people and organizations to achieve the expected results. In this path, it uses the capacity of institutions and actors and various sources beyond the government, power dependence in relationships between institutions, self-organizing networks of governing, and new leadership methods instead of command and hierarchy. However, there are issues and challenges on this path. Hence, in the present paper, which is the result of research conducted using the thematic analysis method, authoritative books and articles were collected and governance issues and challenges were divided and were explored into three categories: challenges related to structure, challenges related to the process, and challenges related to the efficiency and the results of governance.

Nowadays, the need to address the role of networks has become increasingly important for the armed forces due to the limited resources on the one hand and the frequency of missions on the other hand. The network helps to give the right answer to the right people in war and in defense. Also, the network greatly reduces the fixed costs of war, including repairs and maintenance, readiness and support, as well as transportation costs. In this article, an attempt has been made to identify the role of networks in solving defense innovation bottlenecks in the eight years of holy defense. This research has worked in the scope of symbolic-interpretive research and inductive approach and based on the interview technique with targeted sampling and through snowballing in data collection. According to the type of data that often required the exploration of themes, the method of theme analysis was used. 17 people of science and technology experts, high-ranking officials of readiness and support, relevant ministers during the war and high-ranking commanders of holy defense have been interviewed in depth, and their tacit knowledge turned into explicit knowledge. In total, 173 primary themes, 22 basic themes and 7 central themes were extracted as the most key components. The final model shows the existence of three main network categories, including the organizational network (reviewing goals and policies supporting innovation and protecting innovation), national (focusing on the promotion of national social capital, innovative resource management, innovative human resource management) and international (soft management of knowledge and technology). in the international arena and the promotion of religious knowledge in the resistance front. Also, the model has specified the main functions of each of the networks.

Aim and Introduction :

In the last decade, the design of the green supply chain network has become very important due to the increase in competition in global markets to achieve success, which requires the simultaneous commitment and cooperation of suppliers, manufacturers and distributors in the form of a network. One of the generalizable fields of the green supply chain network is the aquatic processing industry as one of the most important food industries that has paid less attention to optimize its supply chain in order to provide environmental benefits. In recent decades, the demand for food has increased more than the capacity to provide resources for it. Hence, the traditional food supply chain can no longer effectively manage demand. The increase in world population, globalization, global warming, drought and groundwater crisis in recent years have led to the loss of natural resources needed for animal husbandry and the reduction of marine reserves in Iran as well as in other Middle Eastern countries. The expansion of aquaculture farms has not only contributed to the development of sustainable food in the country, but has also been very effective in preserving endangered species. The aquaculture industry has grown significantly in recent decades. In this industry, green supply chain network design seems to be critical for aquatic processing.

This study is a descriptive research and applied one in terms of purpose. In this research, after examining the theoretical foundations and experimental background, the network design was proposed. The aquatic supply network was designed in three levels, for four farms, three factories, and two customers. The first level includes aquaculture farms. The second level consists of models of aquatic processing factories. The third level includes customer networks. Of course, other levels of the aquaculture supply chain, i.e. retailers, can also be considered in network design. Then the appropriate mathematical model was formulated and validated with a case study. LP-metric method was used to solve this model. The GAMS software was used in this study.

In this research, the network of green aquatic management has been designed to achieve the goals of minimizing costs and carbon dioxide emissions and maximizing the capacity of units at three levels for four farms, three factories, and two customers. In this research, after drawing the network of the problem and explaining the mathematical model, it was solved using the comprehensive criterion method with p equal to 1, 2, and 3.The value of the objective function was calculated with p equal to 0.09. By increasing the value of p, it became clear that there is no distance between the values of the objective functions and the ideal values. Then, the value of decision and binary variables was calculated. The first factory has the highest aquatic receiving capacity from the second, third and fourth farms.

In order to achieve the goals with an emphasis on reducing the carbon footprint, the first factory should process the third product, the second factory should process all three types of products, and the third factory should process the second product. In this research, certainty is considered for the parameters. If the surrounding environment is very dynamic, this turbulence can increase the uncertainty of model parameters. Therefore, it is suggested to solve the research model assuming uncertainty in the parameters in other researches. In this research, the same weight has been considered for three purposes.In this study, it is assumed that the transportation cost between nodes depends only on the distance. It is important to note that the cost of transportation between two points can be affected by various factors. Therefore, it is suggested to pay attention to these factors in other researches. Using the research model can minimize the total costs in the aquaculture network and maximize the capacity of using the components of the entire chain, bringing the environmental destruction to the lowest level. Therefore, it is suggested to use this model. One of the factors affecting the production and emission of carbon is the number of car trips. In other words, the lower the number of trips (carrying times), the lower the emissions. It is suggested managers to use a means of transportation with a higher capacity. Timely servicing of goods transport vehicles can also be effective in carbon emissions. It is recommended to periodically repair the car. In the chain under study, most of the cars were worn out and without fuel consumption reduction technology. It is suggested to replace the old vehicles carrying goods with modern and high-tech vehicles. It is recommended to use gas-fueled vehicles for transporting goods.

One of the most challenging issues in forecasting economic variables is the lack of sufficient data or  the missing data in time series. In this paper, the time series of the GDP growth rate from 1980 to 2019 for 18 Middle East and North African countries is modeled via a generalized network autoregressive model. Of the total observations, 13.42% were missed. In the proposed model, a random network is applied to the data for which nodes represent countries or related time series. Then, an autoregressive model of each node was constructed based on all the data of its multi-stage neighboring nodes. Some parameters of the model may depend on the node (local model) or can be considered the same for all network nodes (global model). The missing data are modeled by changing the weights of the network edges. Finally, the time series was predicted based on the constructed model. Because the network structure affects the model and ultimately the forecast, and on the other hand it is difficult to examine all possible networks, ten thousand un-directional random networks and 16 models including 8 local models and 8 global models on each network are considered. Out of 160,000 models, the network and the model with the least prediction error are selected as the best network and model that are used for the main prediction. The lowest in-sample predictive error was obtained at a local network, which has 64 edges and the number of corresponding model parameters is 4. Finally, the model is compared with the classical models such as AR and VAR. The results indicate the superiority of the proposed method in significantly reducing the prediction error over the AR and VAR models.

In a global economy, companies with a business model based on network-based interactions have the fastest growth rates. In such a network-centric economy, strategic benefits are increasingly being created in platform-based businesses. The aim of this study was to qualitatively combine the results of studies conducted in the field of orchestration strategy in platform-based businesses. In this study, using a systematic search of studies related to orchestration strategy in reputable international databases were extracted and finally, 43 studies were identified for final reviews. The present study is applied research in terms of purpose, is qualitative in terms of approach, and is Library research in terms of data collection. Then, by adopting a meta-synthesis strategy and content analysis, concepts and patterns were extracted from selected studies. Finally, the pattern of orchestration strategy formation in 3 main dimensions (context, content, and process), 13 components (increasing the share of platform innovation, creating competitive advantage, creating shared value, knowledge dynamics, innovation appropriability, network sustainability, vision development, Stimulating innovation, legitimation, leadership levers, platform boundary management, platform components and rules) and 38 indicators were identified and categorized.

This study discusses the issue that although technology facilitates affairs in various aspects of human life, it has also assumed a disruptive role. Technological disruption refers to a function of technology indicating that changes in the rules of the game and the components governing the logic of action transform a wide range of international issues (from international security to global governance and foreign policy). These changes, affect the position of countries in relation to adaptation or non-adaptation to new value and performance networks. Accordingly, geoeconomics, as an important platform for emerging competitions for power, has also been subject to technological disruption. This article hence aims to find out how technological disruption can affect the geoeconomic status of countries as well as their position in the international arena. This research was a descriptive-analytical study using the documentary method. The research hypothesis indicates that technological development from the late 20th century has established networking of the operating spaces and governance of currents between countries by shaping the spatial rotation and, as a result, has disrupted and put in doubt the independent agency of geoeconomic actors. On the other hand, by facilitating the exertion of power and authority as the regulator and director of the strategic currents, technology highlights the position of some countries and marginalizes others. This study aims to evaluate in detail the dimensions of Iran’s geoeconomic status, as the study case, based on the intended framework.

Research issues in the political sciences are becoming increasingly complex. The contemporary era, which is inspired by postmodernism, integration and complexity of knowledge, has created special conditions in research methods, issues and approaches. The transition from Newtonian physics to quantum physics has brought about significant changes in social physics and related sciences, including political science. What is the political science framework based on the quantum approach? It is considered as the main question of this research. The main purpose of this research is to be able to explain the political science framework based on the quantum approach by criticizing the Newtonian framework of political science. In this work, for data collection, documentary method and for data analysis, while using the network framework and quantum physics, a qualitative technique with a descriptive and analytical approach has been used. Findings indicate that political science based on the quantum approach has undergone significant changes in the areas of political science, political methodology and political tools by emerging from Newtonian a priori and linear structures. In this process, power is seen as a quantum game and dynamic narrative.

The concept of power has been the focus of many studies in the social science in general, and in the political science in particular. This concept dates back to the creation of humankind because it is formed in the context of the interactions of human beings with the environment, including human and nonhuman communications. Because the concept of power is a contextual one, it has undergone significant changes throughout history. Power has evolved in line with technological changes, and additionally it has changed with the transformation of relations and social forms. Power has been explored in numerous studies in various fields of study. In the contemporary era, looking at the concept of power within the framework of postmodernism might enable the researchers to approach this abstract theoretical concept from a different but important angle. Accordingly, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the concept of power on the basis of the theory of complexity in the postmodern era. Thus, we examine the theoretical knowledge on the subject of power through understanding the concept power inpostmodern society within the framework of the theory of network complexity. Furthermore, the twin complementary goals are: a) understanding the evolution of power, and b) understanding the network complexity theory in quantum physics.The central research question and the two subsidiary ones are respectively as follows: 1. How should power be analyzed within the framework of the theory of complexity of postmodern society? 2. How has the concept of power evolved? What are the implications of the network complexity theory for understanding the concept of power in the postmodern society? This research topic is important in two ways: a) As a theoretical@ research, it is an attempt to understand the subject of complexity in postmodern society together with the concept analysis of power, on the basis of a dynamic process that might become the focus of various other studies. B) As an applied research, it can be the useful for actors who intend to formulate an operational plan to enhance their power. Given the changing nature of new societies, ignoring the evolution of the nature of power can weaken the indigenous approach to politics and the rule of non-indigenous theories.In the research hypothesis, it is claimed that power has become a contextual, fluid, and diffusing concept in the complex postmodern society that has changed the relevancy and the logic of applicability of this concept. With a descriptive-analytical approach, the method of comparative analysis of the previous research findings of quantum and complexity theorists has been used for hypothesis testing. The results indicate that based on the network complexity and quantum dimensions of social science in the postmodern era, the concept of power by coming out of vertical structures and going beyond the network status has changed into a fluid and complex concept, and for this reason its special functions have become meaningful in the context of network complexity. Moreover, it has greatly become highly dependent on data technologies and quantum gaming.In this process, governments inevitably face the prospect of role change, and if they fail to establish a proper place for themselves, they will be left out of the social cycle of transformation, and perhaps the complex elements within the network will perform government functions more effectively. The power play and data are important for governments to be used for governance. In the quantum world, the states must enter the quantum game with power in a complex postmodern arena and implement data-driven governance. In the game, the next moves of the actors are not necessarily clear; and each actor, based on his systemic learning, must be ready to face any new action even though he might not know when and how it would happen. It is obvious that the elaboration and explanation of the moral and philosophical principles of nature are of great importance for the logical confrontation with this new space. There are two considerations for different societies when they face this space: first, they should have the required knowledge, and second, they must design indigenous frameworks by referring to their value systems and semantic foundations.

Today, botnets are used for a significant part of the attacks that take place on the scale of the Internet. Therefore, this modern generation of malwares are on the one hand very interesting for security experts and research centers, and on the other hand, they are a suitable tool for Internet vandals. In this article, we are trying to learn about botnet attacks and the methods of botnet penetration in the network, and learn about the level of risk and damages caused by botnets, and how to deal with them. In the rest of the article, first, we will get to know the concept of botnet and its types, and then we will talk about the methods of preventing attacks, damages and examples of botnets that have been discovered so far. Also, the attacks that virtual robots carry out on computer and cellular networks, especially mobile networks, and recently with the arrival of new mobile software and operating systems and portable devices, should be analyzed and researched in order to Increasing the coefficient in such networks will increase the security of users and their data, the level of aristocracy on computer networks, WIFI, etc., in line with comprehensive system management.